Researchers at the Center for Nanomedicine within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and Yonsei University in South Korea have achieved a world-first in controlling specific brain regions in mice using magnetic fields. This groundbreaking technology, termed Nano-MIND (Magnetogenetic Interface for NeuroDynamics), paves the way for novel insights into brain functions such as cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Nano-MIND Technology
Nano-MIND technology enables wireless, remote, and precise modulation of specific deep brain neural circuits using magnetism. This method uses magnetic fields and magnetized nanoparticles to selectively activate targeted brain circuits, representing a significant advancement over traditional brain manipulation techniques.
Experimental Demonstration
In their experiments, researchers demonstrated the effectiveness of Nano-MIND technology by activating specific neurons in various brain regions of mice.
Maternal Behaviours
One notable experiment involved the activation of inhibitory GABA receptors in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), which is responsible for maternal behaviours. Non-maternal female mice, when stimulated in this region, exhibited significantly increased nurturing behaviours akin to maternal mice.
Feeding Behaviours
The research team also regulated feeding behaviours by targeting motivation circuits in the lateral hypothalamus. Activation of inhibitory neurons in this area resulted in a 100% increase in appetite and feeding behaviours in mice. Conversely, activating excitatory neurons led to a more than 50% reduction in appetite and feeding behaviours.
Potential Applications
Dr. CHEON Jinwoo, Director of the Center for Nanomedicine, expressed enthusiasm about the technology’s potential: “This is the world’s first technology to freely control specific brain regions using magnetic fields. We expect it to be widely used in research to understand brain functions, sophisticated artificial neural networks, two-way BCI technologies, and new treatments for neurological disorders.”
Future Implications
The Nano-MIND technology marks a significant step forward in neuroscience research. By allowing researchers to selectively activate desired brain circuits and bidirectionally modulate higher brain functions, this technology offers more precise and less invasive methods for studying and potentially treating various brain-related conditions. As research progresses, further developments in understanding brain functions and therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders are anticipated.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):
- What is Nano-MIND technology?
- A. A method for visualizing brain activity using light.
- B. A technology for controlling specific brain regions using magnetic fields.
- C. A new type of brain-computer interface using electrical signals.
- D. A drug-based therapy for neurological disorders.
- Which brain area was targeted to increase nurturing behaviours in non-maternal female mice?
- A. Lateral hypothalamus
- B. Medial preoptic area (MPOA)
- C. Hippocampus
- D. Amygdala
- What was the result of activating inhibitory neurons in the lateral hypothalamus?
- A. Decrease in feeding behaviours
- B. Increase in feeding behaviours
- C. No change in feeding behaviours
- D. Increase in anxiety behaviours
- Who is the Director of the Center for Nanomedicine who commented on the potential of Nano-MIND technology?
- A. Dr. CHEON Jinwoo
- B. Dr. Kim Hyun
- C. Dr. Lee Minho
- D. Dr. Park Jihoon
- What potential applications of Nano-MIND technology were mentioned?
- A. Understanding brain functions
- B. Sophisticated artificial neural networks
- C. Two-way BCI technologies
- D. New treatments for neurological disorders
- E. All of the above