First Geological Survey of Siachen Glacier in 1958 and Its Significance

The Siachen Glacier, located in the eastern Karakoram range, holds great significance as it has been a contentious issue between India and Pakistan since 1948. In June 1958, the first Geological Survey of India (GSI) of the Siachen Glacier was conducted under the leadership of V.K. Raina, an Indian geologist. This survey aimed to examine the glacier’s geological composition, mineral resources, and formations. Remarkably, Pakistan did not raise objections or display interest during the survey, possibly due to their commitment to the terms of the Karachi ceasefire agreement of 1949. The agreement outlined a ceasefire line, including the glaciers, and mutually agreed to demarcate the region. While the demarcation beyond NJ 9842 was pending, it was clear that if the agreed line extended north to include the glacier, that area would remain under Indian territory. Therefore, the exploration and scientific visits during the survey did not violate the agreement and were not considered of significant importance by either side.