Gandhi Jayanti and International Day of Non Violence Observed on 2nd October 2022

Gandhi Jayanti is an event celebrated in India to mark the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. It is celebrated annually on 2 October, and is one of the three national holidays of India.

Three National Holidays of India

Date	English name	Commemorates
26 January	Republic Day	Coming into force of the Constitution of India (1950)
15 August	Independence Day	Independence from the British Raj (1947)
2 October	Gandhi Jayanti	Birthday of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869)

International Day of Non-Violence

The UN General Assembly announced on 15 June 2007 that it adopted a resolution which declared that 2 October will be celebrated as the International Day of Non-Violence as he was a non-violent freedom fighter. He is also known as the “Father of The Nation” and this title was given to him by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose for his relentless struggles for independence.

Life Chronology of Mahatma Gandhi

Date	Year	Details
2 October	1869	Birth at Porbandar.
	1882	Marriage with Kasturbai, aged 13.
June	1888	Son, Harilal born.
29 September	1888	Reached Southampton, England
6 November	1888	Enrolled at the Inner Temple, Inn of Court
27 May	1891	Called to the Bar.
28 October	1892	Son, Manilal born.
25 May	1893	Reached Durban, Natal.
26 May	1893	Refused to remove his Paghadi; left the court.
31 May	1893	Thrown off the first class carriage of the train at Pietermartizburg Station.
	1893	Read Tolstoy’s ‘Kingdom of God is Within You’.
22 August	1894	Founded the ‘Natal Indian Congress’.
9 July	1896	Commenced writing the ‘Green Pamphlet’ at Rajkot.
16 November	1896	Public lecture at Poona; chaired by Ramkrishna Bhandarkar.
4 May	1897	Son, Ramdas born.
11 October	1899	Established Indian Ambulance Corp during the Boer War.
22 May	1900	Assisted Kasturbai in the delivary of son Devadas.
4 June	1903	First issue of ‘Indian Opinion’ published.
December	1904	Established ‘Phoenix Settlement’.
20 July	1906	Took the vow of Brahmcharya.
11 September	1906	Advent of Satyagraha at Empire Theatre, Johannesburg, where people took a pledge with God as their witness, to oppose the Black Act.
1 October	1906	Left for England as a member of the Indian Delegation.
22 March	1907	Asiatic Registration Bill passed in Transvaal Parliament.
	1908	The term ‘Satyagraha’ adopted based on Maganlal Gandhi’s fomulation ‘Sadagraha’.
10 January	1908	Awarded two months’ simple imprisonment for refusal to obtain registration.
30 January	1908	Agreement signed with General Smuts on voluntary registration.
10 February	1908	Mir Alam and others assault Gandhiji.
16 August	1908	Breach of faith and bonfire of certificate.
14 October	1908	Awarded two months’ rigourous imprisonment for entry into the Transvaal without permit.
23 June	1909	Left for England as a member of the Indian Delegation.
13-22 November	1909	Wrote ‘Hind Swarajya’ aboard the ship ‘Kildonan Castle’.
11-18 December	1909	‘Hind Swarajya’ published in ‘Indian Opinion’.
March	1910	‘Hind Swarajya’ proscribed. Sent a copy of English rendering ‘Indian Home Rule’ to Tolstoy.
23 June	1910	Established Tolstoy Farm; vowed to eschew milk; commenced experiments in frutarian diet.
22 October	1912	Gopalkrishna Gokhale’s South Africa tour commenced.
22 September	1913	Kasturba and others arrested.
23-Sep	1913	Kasturba was awarded 3 months’ rigourous imprisonment.
18 December	1913	MKG released from jail unconditionally with others, before the completion of the period of imprisonement.
22 December	1913	Kasturba released from prison.
26 June	1914	Indians’ Relief Bill (1914), passed.
18 July	1914	Travelled to London to meet Gokhale; Phoenix party at Santiniketan.
17 February	1915	Visited Santiniketan.
5 April	1915	Visited Kumbh Mela, Hardwar.
20 May	1915	Established ‘Satyagraha Ashram’, Kochrab.
26 June	1915	Awarded the ‘Kaisare Hind’ medal.
11 September	1915	First Harijan family of Dudabhai, Danibehn and Laxmi joined the Ashram.
15 November	1915	Elected as Vice President of Gujarat Sabha.
6 February	1916	Lectured at Benaras Hindu University.
26 December	1916	Met Jawaharlal Nehru for the first time at Lucknow Congress.
10 April	1917	Travelled to Patna with Rajkumar Shukla to investigate condition of indigo farmers.
18 April	1917	Gave a statement in the court about disobedience of prohibitary orders.
17 June	1917	Sabarmati Ashram established.
20 October	1917	Presided over the Second Gujarati Education Conference, Bharuch.
3 November	1917	Presided over the First Gujarat Political Conference, Godhara.
7 November	1917	Mahadev Desai joined as Secretary.
14 February	1918	Appointed to arbitar the dispute between Mill-owners and Mill-hands of Ahmedabad.
15 March	1918	Indefinite fast to keep the resolve of striking Mill-hands commenced.
18 March	1918	Broke fast after compromise.
22 March	1918	Addressed the public meeting of 5000 peasants at Nadiad; advised them to not pay land revenue.
24 February	1919	Satyagraha pledge against ‘Rowlett Act’.
6 April	1919	National Hartal and Satyagraha against the Rowlett Act.
9 April	1919	Arrested at Palval Station.
13 April	1919	Massacre at Jallianwala Baug; three days’ fast in Ahmedabad commenced.
7 September	1919	First issue of ‘Navajivan’ published.
8 October	1919	First issue of ‘Young India’ published.
15 November	1919	Congress boycott the Hunter Commission and set up independent inquiry.
2 August	1920	Returned the honours to the Government, commencement of Non-co-operation.
18 October	1920	Gujarat Vidyapith established.
24 December	1921	Given the reigns of the Congress in Ahmedabad.
29 January	1922	Bardoli Taluka resolved against payment of land revenue and Civil-Disobedience.
4 February	1922	Policemen at Chauri Chaura killed.
10 March	1922	Gandhiji and Shankerlal Banker arrested.
11 March	1922	Charged of sedition for the authorship of three articles in Young India.
18 March	1922	Trial held at Ahmedabad Circuit House; Judge Broomfield awarded Gandhiji a sentence of six years’ imprisonment.
21 March	1922	Transferred to Yeravda Prison.
12 January	1924	Operated for appendicites at Sasoon Hospital, Poona.
5 February	1924	Released unconditionally.
6 April	1924	The publication of ‘Dakshin Africana Satyagrahano Itihas’ in Navajivan.
17 September	1924	Twenty one days’ fast for communal harmony commenced at Maulana Mohammed Ali’s house, Delhi.
26 December	1924	Presided over the Belgaum Congress.
22 September	1925	‘All India Spinners’ Association’ established.
7 November	1925	Madeleine Slade joined Satyagraha Ashram, named Mirabehn.
29 November	1925	The publication of ‘Satyana Prayogo athava Atmakatha’ commences in Navajivan.
3 December	1925	The publication of ‘Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth’ commences in Young India.
3 February	1928	Boycott of Simon Commission.
27 June	1929	Wrote introduction to ‘Anasktiyoga’.
31 October	1929	Viceroy Lord Irwin annouces Round Table Conference.
27 December	1929	Purna Swaraj Resolution adopted at Lahore Congress.
15 February	1930	Wrote to the Viceroy about his intention to break the Salt Law.
12 March	1930	Dandi March commences from Satyagraha Ashram.
6 April	1930	Broke the Salt Law.
5 May	1930	Arrested and sent to Yeravda Prison.
26 January	1931	Released from prison.
5 March	1931	Gandhi-Irwin pact signed.
12 September	1931	In London as the sole representative of the Congress at the Second Round Table Conference.
13 September	1931	Recorded a message for the people of America.
9 October	1931	Met Maria Montessori.
20 October	1931	‘God is’ recorded.
5 November	1931	Attended (in his loin-cloth) the Royal reception for the delegates of the Second Round Table Conference at the Buckingham Palace at the invitation of Emperor George V.
13 November	1931	Declared his opposition to the proposed Communal Award.
1 December	1931	Second Round Table Conference ends.
6 December	1931	With Romain Rolland.
12 December	1931	In Vatican. Met Mussolini in Rome.
1 January	1932	Congress Working Committee adopted the resolution of Civil Disobedience.
4 January	1932	Arrested and sent to Yeravda for indefinite period; Vallabhbhai fellow prisoner.
10 March	1932	Mahadev Desai transfered to Yeravda.
17 August	1932	Premier Ramsay Macdonald announced the Communal Award.
18 August	1932	Letter to Ramsay Macdonald declaring his intentions to fast unto death against the Communal Award.
20 September	1932	The fast commenced.
24 September	1932	Poona Pact signed.
26 September	1932	Broke the fast.
30 September	1932	‘Harijan Sevak Sangh’ established.
11 February	1933	Commneced publication of ‘Harijan’. ‘Harijan Sevak’ (Hindi), commenced publication on 23rd February and ‘Harijanbandhu’ (Gujarati) commenced publication on 12th March.
29 April	1933	Resolved to fast for 21 days at midnight.
1 May	1933	Issued a statement about the fast; unconditional and for self-purification.
8 May	1933	Commenced the fast. Released from prison.
29 May	1933	Fast broken.
31 July	1933	Declare his intention to offer Individual Satyagraha.
1 August	1933	Arrested at Ahmedabad and sent to Sabarmati Prison; shifted to Yeravda later.
14 September	1933	Went to Wardha with a decision to not involve himself with politics.
30 September	1933	Satyagraha Ashram, Sabarmati given to Harijan Sevak Sangh.
7 November	1933	Nationwide Harijan Yatra commenced.
25 April	1934	A mob attacked in Bihar at the instigation of Lalanath Shastri.
9 May	1934	Toured Orissa on foot.
18 May	1934	Withdrew Collective Satyagraha.
25 June	1934	Bomb thrown at his motorcade in Poona.
17 September	1934	Declared his intention to retire from Congress.
30 October	1934	Resigned from the Congress.
14 December	1934	‘All India Village Industries’ Association’ established.
30 April	1936	Moved to Segaon from Wardha.
31 October	1936	Presided over the 12th Gujarati Sahitya Parishad.
12 November	1936	Travancore temples opened to Harijans.
2 February	1939	Kasturba arrested in Rajkot by Thakoresaheb.
3 March	1939	Commenced fast at Rajkot against the breach of trust.
7 March	1939	Broke the fast; Chief Justice Maurice Gwyer appointed the arbitrator.
16 April	1939	Sir Maurice Gwyer declared award in favour of the people of Rajkot; Muslims and Bhayats demonstrate against Gandhiji and disrupt a prayer meeting.
23 July	1939	Wrote a letter to Adolf Hitler.
31 October	1939	Congress Ministries resign.
5 March	1940	Segaon named Sevagram.
11 October	1940	Congress Working Committee meeting at Sevagram; Individual Satyagraha proposed.
17 October	1940	Vinoba chosen as the first Individual Satyagrahi.
13 December	1941	‘On Constructive Programme’ published.
30 December	1941	The Congress Working Committee at Bardoli accepted Gandhiji’s request to free him from the responsibility of guiding the Congress.
15 January	1942	Informed Congress Working Committee at Sevagram that Jawaharlal Nehru would be his political heir.
27 March	1942	Advised the Cripps Mission to return to England.
14 July	1942	Congress Working Committee adopted the resolution for immediate withdrawl of the British from India.
8 August	1942	‘Quit India’ resolution adopted; gave the call ‘Do or Die’.
9 August	1942	Gandhiji and Congress Working Committee members arrested; Gandhiji imprisoned at the Aga Khan Palace.
15 August	1942	Death of Mahadev Desai;cremated at Aga Khan Palace.
10 February	1943	Commenced a 21 day fast.
22 February	1944	Death of Kasturba; cremated at Aga Khan Palace.
6 May	1944	Released unconditionally .
14 June	1945	Lord Wavell calls for negotiations.
15 June	1945	Congress Working Committee members released from Ahmedanagar Fort Prison. Ban on Congress lifted.
14 July	1945	The Viceroy declared the Simla Conference a failure.
23 March	1946	Three member British delegation reaches Delhi.
25 June	1946	The Congress Working Committee adopted resolution to accept the formation of the Constituent Assembly.
4 July	1946	The Viceroy formed an Interim Government.
16 August	1946	Communal riots in Calcutta.
2 September	1946	A 12 member Interim Government headed by Pandit Nehru formed.
10 October	1946	Communal violence in Noakhali.
15 October	1946	Muslim League representatives joined the Interim Government.
27 October	1946	Communal riots in Bihar.
6 November	1946	Left for Noakhali.
19 November	1946	Handed over the responsibility of Harijan Journals to Kaka Kalelkar, Kishorelal Mashruwala and Narahari Parikh.
2 January	1947	Bare Foot March to Noakhali commences.
30 March	1947	Tour of violence-affected villages of Bihar.
31 March	1947	Met the new Viceroy Lord Mountbatten.
1 April	1947	Addressed the Asian Relations Conference.
13 April	1947	Left for Bihar.
2 June	1947	The Congress, the Muslim League and the representatives of the Sikhs accept the plan of Partition.
13 June	1947	The Congress Working Committee adopted resolution to accept the Partition.
13 August	1947	In Calcutta with Shaheed Suhrawardy
15 August	1947	Spent the day in fast and prayer.
31 August	1947	Indefinite fast against the communal violence in Calcutta.
4 September	1947	Broke the fast.
9 September	1947	Reached Delhi.
12 January	1948	Commenced fast at Delhi.
18 January	1948	Broke the fast.
20 January	1948	A bomb thrown during the Prayer Meeting.
30 January	1948	Took three bullets on his chest. Godse the assassin.
31 January	1948	Cremated on the banks of the Yamuna by Ramdas.