The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council (BRIC) launched the ‘One Day One Genome’ initiative on November 9, 2024, during the first foundation day of BRIC. The announcement was made by Shri Amitabh Kant, India’s G-20 Sherpa and former CEO of NITI Aayog, at the National Institute of Immunology (NII) in New Delhi.
Purpose and Objectives of the Initiative
The ‘One Day One Genome’ initiative is designed to highlight the vast microbial potential of India. It focuses on showcasing unique bacterial species found across the country and emphasizing their vital roles in various sectors such as the environment, agriculture, and human health.
The Importance of Microorganisms
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. They are involved in key processes like:
- Biogeochemical cycles: Essential for recycling nutrients in the environment.
- Soil formation and mineral purification: Contributing to soil health and environmental sustainability.
- Waste degradation and pollutant removal: Breaking down organic waste and cleaning up toxic substances.
- Methane production: A key component of greenhouse gas cycles.
Microorganisms in Agriculture
In agriculture, microorganisms:
- Aid in nutrient cycling and nitrogen fixation, which are crucial for soil fertility.
- Help control pests and weeds.
- Enable plants to handle environmental stress by promoting healthy growth.
Role in Human Health
Microorganisms are indispensable in the human body. In fact, there are more microbial cells than human cells. These microorganisms:
- Support digestion and immune system functions.
- Influence mental health.
- Protect against infectious diseases through non-pathogenic microorganisms, while harmful microorganisms may cause disease.
The Role of Genome Sequencing
Genome sequencing will unlock the hidden potential of microbial species by identifying:
- Enzymes with industrial and agricultural uses.
- Microbial resistance and bioactive compounds.
- Essential genetic traits related to environmental protection and human health.
Impact on Research and Innovation
The initiative, coordinated by the Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council and the National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (BRIC-NIBMG), aims to:
- Release fully annotated bacterial genomes to the public.
- Provide detailed graphical summaries, infographics, and genome assembly/annotation data.
- Foster scientific discussions and innovations that benefit the community and ecosystem.
Conclusion
The ‘One Day One Genome’ initiative aims to increase access to microbial genomics data, which will, in turn, stimulate research and innovation. The ultimate goal is to support advancements in environmental management, agriculture, and human health.
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs):
- Who launched the ‘One Day One Genome’ initiative?
- a) Dr. Ramesh Pokhriyal
- b) Amitabh Kant
- c) Nirmala Sitharaman
- d) Narendra Modi
- Where was the ‘One Day One Genome’ initiative launched?
- a) National Institute of Technology (NIT), Delhi
- b) National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi
- c) Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay
- d) Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi
- Which of the following is a key role of microorganisms in the ecosystem?
- a) Producing food for humans
- b) Breaking down organic waste
- c) Creating solar energy
- d) Generating electricity
- What will genome sequencing help identify in microorganisms?
- a) Energy sources
- b) Enzymes, antimicrobial resistance, and bioactive compounds
- c) Pollution sources
- d) Atmospheric pressure changes
- Which institute is coordinating the ‘One Day One Genome’ initiative?
- a) Department of Biotechnology
- b) National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG)
- c) Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council (BRIC)
- d) All of the above