Indian history bears witness to significant milestones, and the ascension of Lord William Bentinck as the first Governor-General in 1828 stands as a watershed moment in its colonial narrative. Lord William Bentinck, born on September 14, 1774, into an aristocratic British family, hailed as the second son of William Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland. His privileged lineage endowed him with the opportunities for education and immersion in high society, ultimately paving the way for a career in the British military and civil administration.
In 1803, Bentinck assumed the role of Governor-General of Madras, a prelude to his more prominent tenure as Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835. This period witnessed a string of progressive reforms and policy adjustments that would profoundly influence the course of Indian history. When Bentinck took the reins as India’s first Governor-General, he inherited an administration grappling with multifaceted challenges in the realms of society, politics, and economics.
Swiftly upon assuming office, Bentinck made a resolute move to abolish the inhumane practice of Sati within a year. Despite receiving cautious counsel, he remained unwavering in his resolve. On December 4, 1829, he enacted Regulation XVII, rendering Sati illegal and subject to criminal prosecution.
Collaborating with Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Bentinck embarked on a mission to challenge superstitious practices, champion women’s rights, and suppress customs such as child marriage and polygamy.
Bentinck’s substantial reforms extended to the realm of education with the introduction of English as the medium of instruction through the English Education Act of 1835, replacing Persian in higher courts. He also established the Calcutta Medical College, recognizing deficiencies in the existing Native Medical Institution. This marked the infusion of Western medical education in India, transcending caste and creed boundaries.
Furthermore, Bentinck’s stewardship encompassed sound financial management within the East India Company, rescuing it from the brink of financial collapse. He streamlined and organized the government under the Charter Act of 1833.
Lord William Bentinck’s legacy is one of transformative progress. His comprehensive reforms spanning economic, administrative, social, and cultural dimensions reshaped the trajectory of British India. His visionary approach aimed at empowering Indians through education and his unwavering commitment to eradicating oppressive customs have secured him an esteemed place in the annals of Indian history.