The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton for their foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks.
Understanding Artificial Neural Networks
- Definition: An artificial neural network is designed to mimic the human brain.
- Structure: It consists of large collections of “neurons” (or nodes) connected by “synapses” (or weighted couplings).
- Functionality: These networks are trained to perform specific tasks and process information using their entire network structure.
- Inspiration: The development of artificial neural networks was initially driven by the desire to understand how the brain functions.
Previous Nobel Prize in Physics (2023)
In 2023, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to:
- Anne L’Huillier (French-Swedish physicist)
- Pierre Agostini (French scientist)
- Ferenc Krausz (Hungarian-born physicist)
Contribution
They provided the first split-second glimpse into the superfast world of spinning electrons. This research could potentially lead to advancements in:
- Better electronics
- Improved disease diagnoses
Prize Details
- Award Amount: The physics prize carries a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor (approximately USD 1 million).
- Creator: This prize is funded by a bequest from Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor.
- Ceremony: The laureates are invited to receive their awards at ceremonies held on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death.
- Historical Context: The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded 117 times since its inception.
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs):
- Who were the recipients of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics?
- A) Anne L’Huillier, Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz
- B) John J. Hopfield, Geoffrey E. Hinton
- C) Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr
- D) Marie Curie, Richard Feynman
Answer: B) John J. Hopfield, Geoffrey E. Hinton
- What is the primary purpose of an artificial neural network?
- A) To store data
- B) To mimic the brain and perform specific tasks
- C) To enhance physical strength
- D) To create visual art
Answer: B) To mimic the brain and perform specific tasks
- What research did the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics recognize?
- A) Machine learning
- B) Superfast world of spinning electrons
- C) Quantum computing
- D) Renewable energy sources
Answer: B) Superfast world of spinning electrons
- What is the cash award for the Nobel Prize in Physics?
- A) 1 million Swedish kronor
- B) 11 million Swedish kronor
- C) 500,000 Swedish kronor
- D) 10 million Swedish kronor
Answer: B) 11 million Swedish kronor
- On which date are the Nobel Prize ceremonies held?
- A) December 10
- B) November 1
- C) January 1
- D) October 10
Answer: A) December 10