The Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Bhupender Yadav, announced the notification of the Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve as the 56th tiger reserve in India. Located in Chhattisgarh, this reserve spans over 2,829.38 square kilometers, making it the third largest tiger reserve in the country. The reserve is a critical part of conservation efforts, connected to neighboring reserves like Bandhavgarh and Palamau, enhancing biodiversity protection across a landscape of nearly 4,500 square kilometers. Home to over 750 species of flora and fauna, including 230 bird species and 55 mammal species, the reserve will strengthen India's tiger conservation initiatives. With Chhattisgarh now hosting four tiger reserves, the notification is a significant step towards preserving the endangered tiger species under Project Tiger.

A groundbreaking discovery has been made in the Western Ghats, where researchers have identified a new genus of freshwater fish in the region’s pristine rivers and streams. This discovery is part of an ongoing effort to explore and catalog the aquatic life of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its rich biodiversity. Experts believe the new genus could provide crucial insights into the evolutionary history of freshwater fish in the region. The Western Ghats, spanning six southern Indian states, is one of the world’s most biologically diverse regions, with many species still unexplored. This discovery not only expands knowledge of aquatic biodiversity but also underscores the importance of preserving the region's ecosystems from threats like pollution and climate change. Scientists are now focused on studying the species further, aiming to understand its unique characteristics and ecological role, which will help strengthen conservation efforts in the area.

In a significant milestone for disaster preparedness, 24 coastal villages in Odisha have been recognized by UNESCO as 'Tsunami Ready'. This prestigious title is awarded to communities that exhibit exceptional readiness to respond to tsunami threats. The villages in Odisha have implemented vital measures, including early warning systems, evacuation plans, community-based training, and public awareness programs, ensuring the safety of residents. The recognition highlights the local government's and community leaders' efforts in improving infrastructure, raising awareness, and enhancing disaster response capabilities. This achievement strengthens Odisha’s disaster management capacity and serves as a model for other coastal regions worldwide, encouraging proactive preparedness to safeguard lives and property from natural calamities.

The species traditionally known as Kaalinga Sarpa will now officially be referred to as Kaalinga, following a decision to standardize and formalize species classification according to international taxonomic conventions. This change aims to ensure the species has a globally recognized scientific identity, enhancing its visibility in international biological studies and conservation efforts. While Kaalinga Sarpa is deeply ingrained in local culture, the renaming reflects the scientific community's push for consistency in species identification. This shift also highlights the growing collaboration between local cultural knowledge and global scientific standards in fostering better research and conservation strategies.

In a landmark achievement, Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary conducted its first-ever census of Indian Bisons (Gaurs) on November 12 and 13, 2024, recording a total of 659 individuals. The census, carried out using direct observation techniques, revealed that 30% of the population consists of juveniles, highlighting a healthy and thriving population. The survey was conducted over two days with 114 team members, who covered various terrains like meadows, forest roads, and saltlicks. The Indian Gaurs in the sanctuary are known for their massive build, with adult bulls weighing up to 1,500 kg. The success of the Gaur population is also attributed to the relocation of 400 families from the sanctuary two years ago, which has allowed the meadows to regenerate and serve as a nutritious habitat for these herbivores. Despite some challenges in visibility, the census achieved an 80% detection probability, ensuring an accurate population estimate.

The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) has urged the Karnataka government to designate the Nugu area as a core critical zone within the Bandipur Tiger Reserve. This recommendation aims to enhance conservation efforts, especially for the endangered tiger population, by implementing stricter protection measures, reducing human-wildlife conflict, and restoring the region’s ecological balance. The move follows a comprehensive assessment of the area’s wildlife corridors and habitat, with plans for enhanced patrolling and anti-poaching strategies. The decision is vital for ensuring the long-term survival of tigers in Bandipur, where their population has been steadily increasing. The Karnataka government's response will play a crucial role in shaping the future of this conservation initiative.

A new species of amphibian, the Cao Bang Crocodile Newt (Tylototriton koliaensis), has been discovered in the mountainous forests of Vietnam. Found in a slow-moving stream, this medium-sized newt is characterized by its black body with bright orange markings on its fingertips and toes. The species, which measures around 5 inches, has long, thin limbs and rough, knobby skin. The newts inhabit high-elevation forests and breed in streams during the rainy summer season. Researchers have raised concerns about the species' potential extinction due to human activity and are pushing for its protection under Vietnamese law. This discovery enhances Vietnam's biodiversity and underscores the need for ongoing conservation efforts.

A mass vaccination campaign has commenced in and around the Panna Tiger Reserve (PTR) in Madhya Pradesh to protect wildlife from the spread of the Canine Distemper Virus (CDV), which was detected in local stray dogs. The initiative, launched due to the virus's prevalence, will vaccinate approximately 1,150 stray dogs in the buffer zone over the next three and a half months. CDV, a potentially fatal viral disease, previously led to the deaths of a tiger and two leopards in PTR in 2015. The reserve, home to 62 tigers and over 500 leopards, aims to prevent further outbreaks and safeguard its wildlife population. The Panna Tiger Project, which began in 2009, successfully reintroduced tigers to the area after poaching decimated their population, and the vaccination drive is part of ongoing efforts to protect these reintroduced species.

The Tamil Nadu Forest Department is ramping up its efforts to tackle the spread of Senna tora, an invasive plant species that threatens the biodiversity of the Mudumalai region. Known for its rapid growth and ability to outcompete native vegetation, Senna tora poses a significant risk to the area’s ecosystem, home to many endangered species. To combat this, the department has adopted a multi-pronged approach that includes manual removal of the plants, continuous monitoring, and raising awareness among local communities and visitors. Working closely with conservationists, the department is also focused on restoring the natural habitat by replanting native species, aiming to preserve Mudumalai’s ecological balance for future generations.

In an exciting wildlife discovery, the Red-Headed Vulture, a critically endangered species, was spotted in Kasaragod, marking the first-ever sighting of this rare bird in the area. The vulture, known for its striking red head and large wingspan, was observed by local birdwatchers. Experts are hopeful that this sighting will raise awareness about the species' declining population due to habitat loss, poisoning, and poaching. Conservationists see this as a positive sign for the region's biodiversity, underlining the need for effective measures to protect endangered species and their habitats. This discovery highlights the rich biodiversity of Kasaragod and the ongoing efforts to conserve its natural environment.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the 1st Bodoland Mahotsav tomorrow in New Delhi, a two-day event focused on the language, literature, and culture of the Bodo community. The event aims to strengthen ties among indigenous Bodo people living across Assam, West Bengal, Nepal, and border areas of North East India. The theme of the Mahotsav, "Peace and Harmony for Prosperous Bharat", will emphasize the cultural and linguistic heritage, ecological diversity, and touristic potential of Bodoland. The Mahotsav also celebrates the success of the Bodo Peace Accord signed in 2020, which resolved decades of conflict and paved the way for other peace settlements. Over 5,000 cultural, linguistic, and art enthusiasts are expected to attend, representing regions across India and beyond.

India’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion are projected to rise by 4.6% in 2024, the steepest increase among major economies, according to the Global Carbon Project. This comes as global fossil-based CO2 emissions are expected to reach a record 37.4 billion tonnes, marking a 0.8% rise from 2023. The report warns that at this pace, there is a 50% probability of surpassing the 1.5°C global warming threshold within six years. CO2 remains the primary driver of climate change due to its high atmospheric concentration and long lifespan, trapping heat and contributing to the greenhouse effect. While other greenhouse gases like methane and HFCs are more potent, CO2’s abundance makes it responsible for 70% of global warming.

An outbreak of avian botulism in Sambhar Lake, Rajasthan, has led to the deaths of at least 600 migratory birds, according to the Centre for Avian Research Institute. The deaths, which began on October 26, 2024, were caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which paralyzes birds. Experts suggest that high temperatures, low oxygen levels, and reduced salinity in the lake may have contributed to the outbreak. The sudden influx of fresh water into the salt lake, along with the exhaustion of migratory birds, created ideal conditions for the bacteria to thrive. The disease was also reported in the area in 2019, causing the deaths of nearly 18,000 birds. While there is no treatment for the disease, experts recommend removing and disposing of affected birds to prevent further spread.

In an exciting breakthrough, scientists from the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) have identified a new flowering plant species, Dicliptera srisailamica, in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Discovered in the Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve, this species belongs to the Acanthaceae family, contributing to the diversity of the Dicliptera genus, which includes 27 species in India. Standing up to 90 cm tall, the plant features unique characteristics such as short, downturned hairs on its stems and linear, spathulate bracts, differentiating it from closely related species like Dicliptera beddomei. Named after the temple town of Srisailam, the plant grows in rare patches along stream banks and rocky edges near waterfalls. Preserved specimens are now stored in Indian herbaria. Although its conservation status has yet to be evaluated, researchers emphasize the need for protective measures due to the plant's limited habitat and vulnerability to environmental threats.

Chinese astronauts aboard the Tiangong space station have successfully raised four zebrafish in a specialized habitat, simulating Earth-like conditions in a microgravity environment. This milestone experiment is part of China's ongoing research into the effects of space travel on living organisms. The study provides critical insights into biological processes in space, paving the way for long-duration space missions and future human habitation on space stations or other celestial bodies. The findings contribute to global space exploration efforts, highlighting the potential for sustainable ecosystems beyond Earth.

In a grim development, the bodies of a woman and two children were discovered floating in the Barak river near Jirimukh in Manipur's conflict-ridden Jiribam region. The discovery raises concerns that the bodies might belong to three of the six missing people from a nearby displaced persons' camp. These individuals were reported missing after an attack by security forces on November 11, which resulted in the killing of 10 Hmar "militants." Authorities have sent the bodies for autopsy to confirm their identities. Meanwhile, Manipur Police have deployed senior officers to coordinate the search for the missing, and the officer-in-charge of Jiribam Police Station, Inspector Sagapam Ibotombi Singh, resigned citing personal reasons. The Kuki-Zo community has disputed the security forces' claims about the killed militants, asserting that they were defending their villages.

For the first time in 40 years, a rare bird species has been sighted in the United Kingdom, drawing bird watchers and ornithologists from across the country to [specific location]. Experts believe the bird’s unexpected arrival could be linked to changes in migration patterns or environmental factors. Conservationists see this as a pivotal moment to emphasize the importance of preserving natural habitats to support diverse wildlife. Local wildlife groups have set up observation points and are closely monitoring the bird to ensure its safety, making this a unique experience for nature enthusiasts.

The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) has initiated an independent inquiry into the deaths of ten elephants in the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh. Concurrently, the Madhya Pradesh State Government has established a five-member committee, led by the Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (APCCF), to investigate the incident further. Initial findings suggest that poisoning may be the cause of death, although definitive conclusions await detailed postmortem and toxicological analyses. Meanwhile, patrolling staff discovered four dead elephants on October 29, 2024, with six others found in critical condition nearby. Despite efforts to treat them, six elephants succumbed to their ailments within days. The inquiry is being supervised by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, with additional support from the National Tiger Conservation Authority and local veterinarians, as preventive measures are being implemented to monitor other elephant herds in the reserve.

In a historic gathering, leaders and delegates of the Thadou tribe came together to address the urgent need for cultural preservation. The convention brought representatives from different regions where the Thadou community resides, all united by a commitment to protect their heritage amidst modernization. Key topics included the promotion of traditional values, educational programs to teach the Thadou language to youth, and efforts to gain government recognition for Thadou heritage sites. A cultural preservation committee was established to oversee these initiatives, symbolizing a promise to pass down the Thadou legacy to future generations. Leaders expressed optimism that these steps will strengthen their cultural identity in a rapidly changing world.

In a tragic event, ten elephants in Madhya Pradesh died after consuming kodo millet in the wild, which likely became toxic due to rapid fermentation in moist conditions. The drought-resistant millet, common in Indian states, can produce harmful toxins when exposed to moisture. Forest officials and wildlife experts believe the elephants ingested large amounts of the grain while foraging, leading to severe poisoning. Conservationists are now exploring preventative measures to protect wildlife, as the incident underscores the delicate balance between agricultural activities and wildlife conservation. Madhya Pradesh authorities have launched an investigation to understand the incident and prevent future tragedies, collaborating with agricultural experts to develop safer farming practices near elephant habitats.

A team of researchers has identified a new species of orchid in the Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh, renowned for its biodiversity. The orchid, yet to be officially named, exhibits unique morphological features that suggest it is endemic to the region, emphasizing the need for its preservation. This discovery enhances Arunachal Pradesh's status as a biodiversity hub, known for housing over 500 orchid species. Conservationists are optimistic that this finding will boost attention to local conservation initiatives, crucial for maintaining ecological balance and supporting livelihoods dependent on forest resources. Future research is planned to explore the ecological role of the new orchid and promote sustainable management of the state's forested areas.

India continues to champion the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, reaffirming its commitment to reducing disaster risks and building resilience across communities. P.K. Mishra, Principal Secretary to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, emphasized India’s proactive disaster management initiatives at a recent event, citing advanced early warning systems, enhanced disaster response strategies, and collaborative efforts between national and state authorities. India's use of technology in disaster forecasting further bolsters its preparedness, positioning it as a regional leader in DRR. Adopted in 2015, the Sendai Framework aligns with India’s development and sustainability goals, reinforcing its dedication to safeguarding vulnerable populations and infrastructure.

Researchers have found that a layer of graphene oxide, known for its high thermal conductivity and water-repellent properties, can effectively prevent frost from forming on flat surfaces. In experiments, a thin coating of graphene oxide demonstrated strong resistance to frost by delaying the freezing of water droplets, which either slid off or stayed liquid longer than on untreated surfaces. This advancement holds promising implications for industries like aviation, power generation, and electronics, where frost buildup poses significant challenges. The discovery could lead to more efficient anti-frost solutions, especially in regions with harsh winter conditions, marking a substantial step forward in material science and frost prevention technology.

A recent study by Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health has revealed that long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water may significantly raise the risk of cardiovascular disease, even at levels below the federal regulatory limit of 10 µg/L. The findings are particularly pertinent for India, where arsenic contamination affects 152 districts across 21 states, with states like West Bengal, Assam, and Bihar showing the highest concentrations. The Bureau of Indian Standards has previously lowered the permissible arsenic limit in drinking water to 0.01 mg/L; however, the study highlights that risks of ischemic heart disease (IHD) are notably higher among women exposed to average levels of 5 µg/L. The research calls for stricter regulations, vigilant monitoring, and public health initiatives to address arsenic contamination, emphasizing the urgent need for further research and interventions in affected regions to mitigate health risks associated with this toxic substance.

The 8th meeting of the Empowered Committee for Animal Health (ECAH) was convened on October 28, 2024, at Vigyan Bhawan, chaired by Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood, Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India. The meeting highlighted significant regulatory initiatives by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD), focusing on the advancement of domestic vaccines for diseases like Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Brucellosis. Updates on the National Digital Livestock Mission (NDLM) demonstrated enhanced digital tracking of livestock health, processing over 16 transactions per second. A major emphasis was placed on the One Health Mission, which includes a nationwide mock drill for disease response and the introduction of Standard Veterinary Treatment Guidelines. The meeting also reviewed the Poultry Disease Action Plan to enhance biosecurity and vaccination protocols, along with revised compensation rates for poultry culling. Notably, Indian laboratories received international recognition, with ICAR-NIVEDI in Bangalore designated as a reference lab for PPR and Leptospirosis by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), underscoring India’s growing capabilities in animal health management.

A recent study at the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve in the Western Ghats has revealed a high nesting success rate for the endangered long-billed vultures. The reserve's ideal habitat, combined with focused conservation efforts such as preventing carcass poisoning and monitoring nesting sites, has contributed to this positive outcome. Despite this success, the vultures still face challenges like habitat loss and reduced food availability, making continued conservation efforts essential for their survival.

The Mera Hou Chongba 2024 festival, which aims to strengthen the bond between indigenous communities in Manipur's hills and valleys, will take place tomorrow in Imphal. Hosted at the Manipur Royal Palace and the sacred site of Kangla, the festival features traditional rituals, cultural performances, and an exchange of gifts among the participants. Village chiefs from hill districts have gathered in the city for this significant event, which will be presided over by the titular King of Manipur, Leishemba Sanajaoba. Mera Hou Chongba is the only festival in the state where both hills and valley communities come together, marking the day as a General Holiday in Manipur.

Farmers in Idukki are grappling with a significant infestation of spotted locusts, compounding their recent struggles with snail invasions. Experts indicate that changes in climate patterns may be contributing to the rise of these pests, which threaten crop yields and farmers' livelihoods. The situation underscores the urgent need for effective pest management strategies as local agricultural producers seek solutions to mitigate the impacts of these infestations.

Drinking water plants established to provide clean water to the Soliga tribe in Karnataka have fallen into disrepair, leaving the indigenous community to rely on unsafe, untreated water sources. Built to improve the living conditions of the tribe in the Western Ghats, these facilities are now non-functional due to a lack of maintenance. The water scarcity, particularly severe during summer, has raised health concerns and prompted local community members to call for immediate government action. While officials acknowledge the issue, they cite budgetary and logistical challenges, highlighting the need for both short-term fixes and long-term sustainable solutions to ensure reliable access to safe drinking water for the tribe.

Archaeologists have made a groundbreaking discovery beneath the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, uncovering a secret tomb believed to date back 2,000 years. Led by Dr. Pearce Paul Creasman of the American Centre of Research, the excavation revealed twelve human skeletons, including one holding a chalice resembling the legendary Holy Grail, thought to have been used by Jesus during the Last Supper. The tomb also contained valuable artifacts, including ceramic, iron, and bronze items, providing rare insights into the ancient Nabataean culture. This finding is significant as it sheds light on a society known for its literacy yet leaving behind limited written records. The discovery has renewed interest in Petra, a city full of mysteries, and the team plans to conduct DNA analysis on the bones to learn more about the lifestyle of the ancient Nabataeans.

According to the latest report from the International Energy Agency (IEA), India is on the brink of a substantial increase in energy demand, driven by economic growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion. With a projected annual growth rate of 3% through 2035, the country is set to become one of the fastest-growing energy markets globally. Key sectors like electricity generation, transportation, and industry will lead this demand surge. However, India faces significant challenges in meeting this rising demand sustainably, requiring increased investments in renewable energy, energy storage, and grid modernization. Policymakers will need to balance affordable energy access with environmental goals to ensure long-term energy security.

The National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) has given approval for five critical road projects in Ladakh, including four that pass through the Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). These projects include routes to Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO), India’s northernmost military post, and will significantly enhance troop movement and logistics in the region. The approved roads, part of the India-China Border Roads initiative, aim to improve infrastructure for military operations in response to the 2020 Galwan Valley clashes. The defence ministry emphasized the importance of these roads for border security and swift troop deployment, while also ensuring wildlife protection measures, such as culverts and bridges for safe animal crossings in the Karakoram sanctuary.

A recent study by researchers from South Africa and the UK reveals that artificial nests significantly enhance the breeding success of the critically endangered African penguin. Published in the British Ecological Society’s journal Ecological Solutions and Evidence, the study shows a 16.5% higher breeding success in artificial nests compared to natural burrows. With the African penguin population declining by 90% over the past 70 years due to food scarcity and human disturbances, conservationists have placed artificial nests in penguin colonies across South Africa and Namibia. While various nest designs were tested, no single type proved universally effective across all colonies. The study stresses the need for further research on nest design and the creation of fishing exclusion zones to secure the species' future.

A new study has confirmed that Gliese 229B, the first known brown dwarf discovered three decades ago, is actually a binary system composed of two brown dwarfs orbiting each other. Using the Very Large Telescope in Chile, astronomers gathered light and chemical data that revealed the object's true nature, resolving previous questions about its dimness relative to its mass. Located approximately 18 light-years away, this discovery highlights the complexity of celestial systems and suggests that other hidden brown dwarfs may exist in similar configurations. The findings were published in the journal Nature and underscore the diversity of solar systems beyond our own.

A new spider species, Tenkana jayamangali, has been identified at the origin of the Jayamangali River within the Devarayanadurga Reserve Forest. This discovery marks the establishment of a new genus of Tenkana jumping spiders (Salticidae, Plexippina), as reported by researchers Kiran Marathe, John TD Caleb, and Wayne P. Maddison, along with environmental enthusiasts and software engineers Krushnamegh Kunte, BG Nisha, Chinmay C. Maliye, and YT Lohit. The species was confirmed through DNA analysis, which did not match any existing species. The findings, published in the journal Zookeys on October 11, describe the distinctive characteristics of Tenkana jayamangali, noting its unique hair patterns compared to related species, T. arkavathi and T. manu. This discovery adds to the rich biodiversity of the region and enhances our understanding of the Tenkana genus.

A new study suggests that tens of thousands of earthworm species remain undiscovered, a process that could take over 100 years. Earthworms play a crucial role in nutrient recycling within ecosystems, and researchers warn that many species could disappear before they are identified. Currently, over 5,700 species are known, but Thibaud Decaëns from the University of Montpellier estimates that there may be many more. Decaëns’ research, conducted in the rainforests of French Guiana, revealed several new species, suggesting the diversity of earthworms is far greater than previously thought.

A 13th-century stone inscription, or Veeragallu, has been unearthed during the renovation of the ancient Kalleshwar temple in Elehole village, Davanagere district. The inscription, dating back to 1283 AD, highlights the heroism of local defenders and their connection to the Sevuna dynasty, also known as the Devagiri Yadavas. It honors Ramachandra Chakravarti, a prominent Sevuna ruler, and depicts scenes of battle, divine ascension, and eternal reverence. This discovery sheds light on the region's rich history, offering insights into the political and cultural dynamics of the late 13th century, particularly the influence of the Devagiri Yadavas in Karnataka and Maharashtra.

The recently published 'EnviStats India-2024' report reveals that the Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR) in Andhra Pradesh has the highest leopard population among India's 55 tiger reserves, with an estimated 360 leopards residing in the area. The report, released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), estimates India's total leopard population at around 13,874. NSTR is not only significant for its leopard population but also supports more than 80 tigers within its 1,401 square kilometers. Conservation efforts by forest officials, including ensuring food sources and implementing fire prevention measures, have contributed to the thriving leopard population in the reserve.

A recent study conducted by scientists from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) has revealed significant hydrocarbon generation potential in the eastern region of the South Karanpura coalfield, particularly within the Sirka coalfield. Utilizing microscopic analysis of palynomorphs and geochemical assessments, the research indicates that this area shows higher potential for coal bed methane and shale gas generation compared to the northern Giddi coalfield. The findings highlight the favorable environmental conditions for hydrocarbon preservation in the region's Permian (Barakar) deposits. As energy demands grow and interest in unconventional resources rises, this research provides critical insights for future exploration efforts aimed at enhancing India's energy security. Further studies are needed to confirm the economic viability of these hydrocarbon resources.

The Nashik Municipal Corporation (NMC) plans to outsource 60 sanitary workers through a private agency to clean the Godavari river and its tributaries—Waldevi, Nandini, Waghadi, and Kapila. The project, costing Rs 2.33 crore, will last for a year. The workers will focus on removing water hyacinth, plastic, and nirmalya waste. Thirty workers will clean the Godavari, while the rest will focus on the tributaries. This initiative comes in response to a severe manpower shortage at NMC, where sanitary employee positions have been vacant for years. A proposal will be presented at the upcoming NMC general body meeting.

Komodo National Park, home to the world’s largest lizard, the Komodo dragon, faces significant environmental and social challenges due to the rapid rise in tourism. With only 1,300 adult Komodo dragons left, the Indonesian government is considering partial closures of the park in 2025 to reduce strain on the fragile ecosystem. The influx of visitors has put pressure on resources and infrastructure, while local communities struggle to benefit economically from tourism growth. Efforts to balance tourism expansion with conservation, including raising entry fees and restricting visitor numbers, are essential to preserve the park for future generations.