The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has directed the Uttar Pradesh government to submit the status of notifying the Dhanauri water body near Jewar Airport as a wetland within four weeks. The directive comes in response to a petition filed by bird-watcher Anand Arya, who is advocating for the site to be declared both a Ramsar site and a bird sanctuary. The NGT questioned the state's forest department for seeking three months' time for consultations with landowners, despite having already decided to declare the site as a wetland. The tribunal emphasized the need for timely action and the importance of protecting migratory birds from potential disturbances caused by airport operations. Additionally, the NGT reminded the government that while notifying the wetland is crucial, ensuring the conservation of local wildlife is equally important.

Bajaj Finance and Bharti Airtel have entered into a strategic partnership to create a digital platform for financial services, combining Airtel's vast customer base of 375 million and extensive distribution network with Bajaj Finance's diversified range of 27 financial products. Initially, Bajaj Finance’s retail financial offerings will be available through the Airtel Thanks App, with plans to expand through Airtel's nationwide stores. The partnership aims to enhance financial inclusion by leveraging India’s digital infrastructure and providing a seamless customer experience. By March, four key Bajaj Finance products, including Gold Loan and Business Loan, will be available on the app, with a goal of offering up to 10 products by the end of the year. Both companies are committed to ensuring strong regulatory compliance, data privacy, and customer service.

The Jharkhand Forest Department has launched an extensive study at the Palamau Tiger Reserve (PTR) to assess and protect the declining bison population in the region. The study will focus on understanding the current status of the bison, their habitat needs, and the impact of human activities such as poaching and land-use changes. The PTR, known for its rich biodiversity, serves as a critical area for wildlife conservation. The findings from this research will guide future conservation efforts aimed at stabilizing and increasing the bison population, ensuring the survival of this endangered species.

In a significant conservation achievement, an endangered Indian grey wolf has given birth to eight pups at Karnataka's first-ever Wolf Sanctuary. This milestone marks a positive step in the sanctuary's efforts to protect and conserve the critically endangered species, which has seen a dramatic decline in numbers due to habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. With fewer than 3,000 Indian grey wolves remaining in the wild, the birth of these pups offers hope for the species' future. The sanctuary, located in the rural heartland of Karnataka, provides a protected environment to promote the wolves' natural behavior and ensure their safety. This success highlights the importance of wildlife sanctuaries in preserving biodiversity and protecting endangered species.

Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, Shri Amit Shah, attended the 20th Raising Day ceremony of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, where he inaugurated and laid the foundation for several key projects worth Rs. 220 crore. These include the National South Campus of the Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM), the 10th Battalion of the NDRF, and a Regional Response Centre at Supaul. Additionally, he laid the foundation for an Integrated Shooting Range at the National Police Academy in Hyderabad and inaugurated the Regional Forensic Science Laboratory in Tirupati.

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is undergoing profound changes due to climate change and human activities, according to a study led by Lancaster University and the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). Researchers found significant shifts in fish diversity and composition since the 1990s, with these changes accelerating in recent years. The study highlights the impact of coral bleaching, cyclones, and other stressors on reef ecosystems, noting a shift in the latitudinal diversity gradient traditionally favoring species richness near the equator.

Telangana has welcomed the recent decision by the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT-II) to modify the terms of reference for the allocation of Krishna river water. The revised terms aim to address Telangana's concerns regarding its fair share of water, ensuring a more balanced distribution among the basin states. This change is expected to provide a clearer framework for water allocation, benefiting Telangana's agricultural and industrial sectors. The decision is seen as a significant step towards fostering improved cooperation among the states sharing the river's resources.

The rapid spread of water hyacinth around Kenya's Lake Victoria is significantly disrupting fishing activities, endangering the livelihoods of local communities who depend on fishing for income. The dense mats of the invasive plant obstruct boat navigation and deplete oxygen levels in the water, reducing fish populations. Efforts to control the plant, including mechanical removal and biological agents, face challenges due to its resilience. Local leaders and environmental experts are calling for coordinated action involving government support and community participation to address the issue. With Lake Victoria being a vital resource shared by Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, regional cooperation is essential to protect the lake's ecosystem and sustain fishing practices.

The Forest Department has decided to relocate the Sheribikanahalli hamlet, located within the Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary, as part of an effort to reduce human-wildlife conflict and protect the sanctuary’s rich ecosystem. The relocation will involve moving the families to a nearby area, where they will be provided with compensation and alternative housing. This decision is part of a broader conservation initiative aimed at preserving the sanctuary’s biodiversity, which has been threatened by encroachments and human activities. The move reflects the government’s commitment to balancing environmental conservation with the welfare of local communities.

A team of scientists has made a groundbreaking discovery that metal lumps on the deep seabed can produce oxygen in total darkness, challenging the long-held belief that oxygen is only produced through photosynthesis in sunlight. This discovery has sparked both excitement and controversy, with researchers planning further exploration of the deepest parts of Earth's oceans to understand the process better. The findings could have significant implications for the search for life on other planets, as similar oxygen-producing processes might exist in extraterrestrial oceans. However, the discovery has also triggered debates within the scientific community and concerns from environmental groups and seabed mining companies about the potential impact on marine ecosystems. The team is collaborating with NASA to explore whether this process could support microbial life on other planets.

Researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered two goby fish species – Hemigobius hoevenii and Mugilogobius tigrinus – in the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary near Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh. This marks the first record of M. tigrinus along India’s eastern coastline. Gobies, crucial to mangrove ecosystems, play vital roles in the food chain and environmental health.Despite 615 finfish species being recorded along Andhra’s coast since 1988, goby fish remain understudied. India hosts 135 goby species, with 95 found in mangroves, yet this is low compared to the global count of 5,561 species. Challenges such as inaccessible mangrove areas and environmental threats like waste disposal hinder research.

The Sada Plateau, nestled in the Western Ghats of the Konkan region, is a remarkable biodiversity hotspot that remains largely unexplored. Known for its unique flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to the region, the plateau also boasts historical significance with ancient forts and structures. Despite its ecological and cultural value, the plateau suffers from a lack of awareness and insufficient infrastructure. Experts emphasize the importance of sustainable tourism and community-led initiatives to protect and promote this natural treasure. With collective efforts, the Sada Plateau has the potential to become a celebrated eco-tourism destination and a model for sustainable regional development.

Rare bird species, including the Baikal Teal and Falcated Duck, have delighted bird watchers and nature enthusiasts in Delhi-NCR this winter. The Baikal Teal, last seen in the region in 2013, was spotted at Sultanpur National Park on January 9, 2024, by Mohit Mehta. Known for its striking green and yellow facial patterns, the species breeds in marshy woods and tundras. Similarly, the Falcated Duck was observed on December 12, 2023, at Sultanpur National Park. These birds typically migrate to eastern India during winter but have diverted to northwestern India, likely due to favorable conditions. Other sightings include the Common Ringed Plover and Little Gull, adding to the excitement of birding enthusiasts in the region.

The Government of India has designated eco-sensitive zones (ESZs) around the Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary in Mandi district to mitigate the effects of urbanization and development on the sanctuary’s ecosystem. The sanctuary, established in 1962, spans 29.94 sq km and aims to conserve local wildlife. The ESZ covers 43 villages from the Nachan and Karsog Forest Divisions, restricting human activities such as commercial mining, deforestation, and the establishment of polluting industries. Sustainable activities like organic farming and rainwater harvesting are allowed. A zonal master plan will guide future developments, with all action plans due by January 20. The Central Government has also directed states to submit master plans by February to prevent the automatic expansion of the ESZ.

A group of tribal women in Pulicat, a coastal village known for its fishing community, has successfully completed a training program focused on sustainable aquaculture practices. The initiative aims to empower women by equipping them with the skills to generate a steady income through fish farming while addressing issues like overfishing and environmental degradation. The training covered essential aspects such as pond preparation, fish breeding, water quality management, and modern fish production techniques. With the program's completion, these women are set to play a significant role in the local aquaculture industry, contributing to both their economic independence and the long-term health of the ecosystem. This effort is part of a broader movement promoting gender equality and environmental sustainability in rural and tribal communities.

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) western bench in Pune has directed the state-appointed rejuvenation committee to convene a meeting with stakeholders to establish a new timeline for addressing pollution in the Pavana river. The action plan, which includes building sewage treatment plants (STPs) and restoring water quality, was initially set to be completed by 2023, but the timeline expired with much of the work still ongoing. The tribunal emphasized the need for a thorough consultation and report submission within three months.

The Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal-Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (PKC-ERCP), a flagship river-link irrigation initiative under the Interlinking of Rivers (ILR) program, aims to provide water for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use across 23 districts in Rajasthan. However, the project has sparked environmental concerns due to its proposed submergence of 37.03 sq km of land in the Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, which could disrupt wildlife connectivity. The submergence will be caused by a dam on the Banas River, part of the PKC-ERCP, which will cut the reserve into two sections. Conservationists have called for careful planning to avoid impacting high-value forests, with suggestions for compensatory measures if submergence is unavoidable. The project, which is set to benefit 3.45 crore people, is undergoing evaluation, with the Rajasthan government committed to minimizing its impact on wildlife habitats. The first phase of the project is scheduled for completion by 2028.

Ahead of the Makaravilakku festival at Sabarimala, Kerala State Police Chief Sheikh Darvesh Sahib visited the Sannidhanam to review security arrangements. A total of 5,000 police personnel have been deployed, with additional teams from the National Disaster Relief Force (NDRF) and Rapid Action Force (RAF) to ensure safety. Key security measures include designated viewing spots for the ‘Makara Jyothi’, strict guidelines for devotees, and an exit plan to manage crowd flow. Traffic restrictions will be in place at Nilakkal, and only devotees with virtual or spot bookings will be allowed entry. Special arrangements for the ‘thiruvabharanam ghoshayatra’ procession and entry to Sannidhanam have also been outlined.

The clouded leopard, a rare and enigmatic predator known for its cloud-shaped coat patterns, is facing a rapid decline in population across mainland Asia. Classified as 'vulnerable' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the species is threatened by habitat destruction, targeted hunting, and incidental deaths. Climate change is expected to exacerbate these threats, potentially causing up to 41% habitat loss and increasing fragmentation of viable habitats. A recent study highlights critical gaps in understanding the species' habitat suitability, connectivity, and the importance of transboundary wildlife corridors. Conservation strategies, including the designation of the clouded leopard as a flagship species and the development of comprehensive management plans, are vital for ensuring its survival and the stability of Asia’s forest ecosystems.

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBAGR) has officially recognized the Gaddi dog, an indigenous breed from the Himalayas, alongside nine other livestock breeds. This move aims to help conserve the Gaddi, which is not currently recognized by any major kennel clubs. With a rapidly decreasing population of fewer than 1000 dogs, the breed faces the risk of extinction due to genetic dilution and the decline of the nomadic lifestyle that once supported its survival. The Gaddi dog, known for its guarding abilities, is primarily found across the Himalayan range and is used by Gaddi shepherds to protect flocks from predators like the Snow Leopard.

In preparation for Mahakumbh 2025, the Prayagraj Municipal Corporation has transformed urban spaces into lush green ecosystems using the Miyawaki technique. Over the past two years, dense forests have been developed across 10 locations, covering 55,800 square meters. The largest plantation, with 1.2 lakh trees from 63 species, is in the Naini industrial area, while the Baswar garbage yard has been revitalized with 27,000 trees. These efforts have significantly improved air quality, reduced pollution, and enhanced biodiversity. The Miyawaki technique, developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, accelerates forest growth and provides numerous environmental benefits, including temperature regulation, carbon absorption, and soil erosion prevention.

The Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet (GEAPP) has signed a Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) agreement with the International Solar Alliance (ISA), aiming to mobilize $100 million for high-impact solar energy projects in India. Alongside this, two new initiatives were launched: Digitalization of Utilities for Energy Transition (DUET) and the Energy Transitions Innovation Challenge (ENTICE 2.0). These initiatives aim to bridge financing gaps, enhance institutional capacity, and foster scalable solutions for India’s clean energy transition. GEAPP will support ISA in implementing these initiatives, which include digitalizing grid systems and scaling energy innovations. GEAPP has already committed $464 million to 130 projects globally, impacting over 50 million people. Additionally, India’s first commercial Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) project, funded by GEAPP, is expected to provide reliable power to 12,000 low-income customers at a reduced tariff, making it one of the fastest-implemented energy projects in the country.

The Uttarakhand High Court has taken suo motu cognizance of unregulated soapstone mining in Bageshwar district, following a news report highlighting the risks faced by local communities. The court-directed investigation revealed alarming environmental degradation, including land subsidence, soil erosion, and water pollution. Traditional structures like Kumaoni Bakhli houses and cultural sites such as the historic Kalika Temple have suffered damage.

In a groundbreaking discovery, researchers have identified two rare species of Neuroptera, also known as lacewings and antlions, in Kerala. This marks the first-ever occurrence of these species in the state. The species, found during an extensive biodiversity survey, are considered rare and have drawn significant interest from entomologists. This discovery is seen as a valuable contribution to understanding Kerala's ecological balance and insect diversity. It highlights the importance of continued research and conservation efforts in the region, reinforcing Kerala's status as a biodiversity hotspot.

The Karnataka Forest Department has introduced Garudakshi, an online system for registering FIRs related to wildlife and forest offenses. Initially launched in select divisions, including Bengaluru Urban, Bhadravathi, Sirsi, and Male Mahadeshwara Wildlife Sanctuary, the system will be expanded based on feedback. Modeled after the police online FIR system, Garudakshi aims to digitize case registration, improve tracking, and enhance accountability. The system also allows the public to report forest offenses via mobile or email. Developed in collaboration with the Wildlife Trust of India, it features modules for legacy case registration, online forest offense registration, investigations, and reporting. This move addresses previous challenges of handwritten FIRs and the inability to track case progress effectively.

A recent study by the National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) has demonstrated that reducing nitric oxide (NO) levels in plants can significantly enhance Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in crops like rice and Arabidopsis. This approach offers a sustainable alternative to traditional agronomic practices, which often rely on environmentally harmful nitrogen fertilizers. By modulating NO levels through genetic and pharmacological methods, the research team successfully improved nitrogen uptake in plants, particularly under low nitrogen conditions. This innovative strategy paves the way for reducing the need for nitrogen fertilizers, addressing global challenges in food security and environmental sustainability. The study, supported by the ANRF, also explores the potential of NO scavenging formulations and bacteria in soil to further enhance NUE.

The Toda tribe, one of the oldest Dravidian ethnic groups in Tamil Nadu, celebrated their traditional 'Modhweth' festival at Muthanad Mund in the Nilgiris Hills. The festival marks the New Year and is a vibrant occasion for the community. The celebrations included prayers for health, agricultural prosperity, and the well-being of cattle. Rituals such as a shared buttermilk offering and the sacred stone-lifting ceremony highlighted the tribe's cultural heritage. The event also featured traditional dances and devotional songs, emphasizing unity and strength within the community.

A male tiger, born in the Tipeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary in Yavatmal, has traveled an extraordinary 500 kilometers to reach Solapur district. The tiger, which had disappeared from the sanctuary in May 2023, was first sighted in Yedshi Ramaling Wildlife Sanctuary in Dharashiv and later entered Solapur, marking the first tiger sighting in the region in 50 years. Due to concerns over human-tiger conflicts and territorial issues, the Pune forest department has proposed relocating the tiger to the nearby Sahyadri Tiger Reserve. The relocation process is currently under consideration by the forest headquarters in Nagpur. Efforts are being made to monitor the tiger's movements using camera traps, while local communities are being sensitized to avoid potential risks. Experts believe the tiger's movement was driven by a search for new territory, as the Vidarbha region already has a dense tiger population.

The Bombay High Court has directed the Maharashtra government to respond to an incident where tourist vehicles obstructed the path of a tigress in a wildlife sanctuary. This case has raised concerns among wildlife conservationists about the impact of tourism on animal habitats. The court has asked the government to submit a report on measures to prevent such incidents and ensure the safety of wildlife and visitors. Experts emphasize the need for stricter regulations to manage tourism in protected areas, ensuring that human presence does not disrupt the natural behavior of endangered species.

A group of divers exploring marine life near Kalpeni Island in the Lakshadweep archipelago made a significant discovery on Saturday morning when they found the wreckage of what is believed to be a warship. The wreck, located just 4-5 meters deep near the mouth of a lagoon, contained a cannon and an anchor, suggesting it might have been a European warship. Researchers speculate that the ship could have belonged to one of the three European powers—Portuguese, Dutch, or British—fighting for control over a key maritime route in the 17th and 18th centuries. The wreck’s condition, with coral growth and corrosion, makes it difficult to determine whether the ship was made entirely of iron or had wooden components. Experts are calling for further underwater archaeological studies to uncover more details and protect the site.

In the temple town of Srirangam, residents have expressed concerns about the absence of street lights beneath the outer gopurams of the Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple. The lack of illumination has made it difficult for locals and visitors, particularly the elderly, to navigate the area after dark. Residents have called on local authorities to install street lights to improve safety, visibility, and the overall aesthetic of the temple complex. The installation is expected to enhance the temple’s welcoming atmosphere, benefiting both devotees and tourists, and addressing the growing concerns in one of India’s major pilgrimage sites.

The global maritime industry, essential for international trade, is currently facing a range of challenges, including rising shipping costs, security risks, and environmental pressures. The aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain bottlenecks have led to higher shipping fees, impacting businesses and consumers. Piracy, particularly in the Gulf of Guinea and Southeast Asia, has escalated, prompting shipping companies to invest in enhanced security measures. Environmental concerns are also mounting, with stricter regulations requiring shipping companies to reduce carbon emissions. However, innovations in technology, such as autonomous vessels and green fuels, alongside international cooperation and improved port infrastructure, offer hope for addressing these issues and ensuring the continued flow of global trade.

A study by IIT Roorkee researchers has identified the Alaknanda River as the most vulnerable to landslide-induced natural dams in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. The study, titled ‘Landslide Dam Studies in Uttarakhand, India: Past, Present, and Future’, highlights that the Alaknanda is followed by Mandakini, Dhauliganga, and Bhagirathi rivers in terms of susceptibility. The region's unique topography, characterized by narrow valleys and gorges, increases the risk of landslide dams, which can lead to catastrophic Landslide Lake Outburst Floods (LLOFs). Climate change, along with human activities like deforestation and road construction, has exacerbated the frequency of such incidents. The study stresses the importance of preparedness, especially in areas like Chamoli, Rudraprayag, and Uttarkashi, which are most affected by these dams. The breach of Gohna Tal in 1970 remains one of the most significant incidents in the region.

Noctule bats have been observed using a unique strategy to travel long distances during migration. By hitching rides on warm storm fronts, these bats take advantage of favorable winds, allowing them to conserve energy while covering vast distances. This adaptation enables them to make intermittent stops along their journey without the need for continuous flapping. Scientists are studying this behavior to gain insights into animal migration patterns and the impact of environmental changes on migratory species.

In a significant shift within global finance, several major US banks, including Goldman Sachs, Wells Fargo, Citigroup, Bank of America, and Morgan Stanley, have exited the Net-Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA), a group committed to reducing carbon footprints. The move reflects the banks' desire to shield themselves from growing political pressure, especially with the return of Donald Trump to the White House. As more banks leave, concerns rise over the real-world impact of these defections on climate goals. Despite claiming to support decarbonization, these banks have continued to finance fossil fuel industries, raising questions about the sincerity of their climate commitments. Activists are calling for government intervention to enforce climate regulations on financial institutions, while European banks remain committed to the alliance.

Golden jackals, once confined to the mangroves and grasslands of Mumbai, are increasingly being spotted in urban areas like Kharghar and Navi Mumbai. This shift is largely due to the destruction of their natural habitats by construction projects such as the Coastal Road and the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. While these nocturnal creatures are traditionally shy, their increasing presence in human-dominated spaces highlights the pressures of urbanisation on wildlife. Conservationists are urging for better habitat protection, population tracking, and human-jackal coexistence initiatives to ensure the survival of this important species.

The Forest Department, in collaboration with the Kanniyakumari Nature Foundation, has initiated a pilot project to remove the invasive cover crop Mucuna bracteata from rubber plantations and forest areas in Kanniyakumari district. Originally introduced as a weed protectant and nitrogen regulator, the crop has spread uncontrollably, overpowering rubber trees and native vegetation, particularly in areas like Kaliyal, Kadayalumoodu, and Kodayar. The project, which involves local communities, aims to protect the biodiversity of the region, especially near the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. The removal process is expected to take several years, with native plants like bamboo being introduced to restore the ecosystem. However, the lack of a known method to fully eradicate the creeper presents a significant challenge.

On the birth anniversary of Rani Velu Nachiyar, Prime Minister Narendra Modi took to social media to honor the legacy of the brave queen of Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu. Known for her courageous leadership in resisting British colonial rule, Rani Velu Nachiyar is remembered for leading a successful rebellion against the British East India Company. In his tribute, Modi praised her unwavering determination and exceptional leadership, highlighting her role in inspiring generations of Indians. The tribute serves as a reminder of the resilience and indomitable spirit of India's unsung heroes who fought for freedom.

Researchers have developed a groundbreaking captive breeding protocol for an endangered species of catfish, aimed at ensuring its survival and reproduction. The new method creates controlled environments that replicate the species' natural habitat, addressing threats like habitat loss, pollution, and overfishing. By studying the catfish's behavior, diet, and breeding cycles, the researchers have optimized conditions for successful reproduction. This development not only benefits the specific catfish species but also holds promise for other endangered aquatic species facing similar challenges. The research team plans to collaborate with conservation organizations and government agencies to implement the protocol and promote biodiversity.

ISRO has achieved a significant milestone in space biology as cowpea seeds sent aboard the PSLV-C60 POEM-4 platform successfully germinated within four days of launch. The experiment, part of the Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies (CROPS), aims to explore plant growth in microgravity conditions. The seeds were sent by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) to study how plants adapt to space environments. The POEM-4 platform, carrying 24 experiments, has been orbiting Earth at an altitude of 350 km since December 30, with the cowpea seeds expected to develop further, including the growth of leaves.

The Telangana government has decided to collaborate with experts from the Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H), to study the environmental and regional impact of the Polavaram Major Irrigation Project on the Godavari River. The project, which is crucial for Andhra Pradesh, aims to provide irrigation, drinking water, and hydropower. However, the Telangana government is concerned about its effects on the Godavari River in Telangana, especially in the Bhadradri-Kothagudem district. Additionally, the government will examine the potential threat the project poses to the Lord Ram temple at Bhadrachalam. Telangana also raised objections to the Andhra Pradesh government's Krishna-Godavari river linking project, which is being undertaken without proper permissions. The state has directed officials to take necessary steps to protect Telangana's interests.

A remarkable discovery has been made at the historic Simhachalam Temple in Andhra Pradesh, where a centuries-old statue of Saint Narahari Tirtha, a key disciple of Sri Madhvacharya and a prominent figure in the Dvaita Vedanta tradition, was found during ongoing restoration work. The discovery has generated excitement among historians, archaeologists, and devotees, offering valuable insight into the region's spiritual heritage. The Simhachalam Temple, dedicated to Lord Narasimha, is a major pilgrimage site, and the unveiling of the statue further enhances its cultural and historical significance. Authorities are committed to preserving the statue and its context, ensuring it will be safeguarded for future generations and further research into the temple's rich history.

Tripura marked a milestone in biodiversity documentation with the first-ever recording of the rare Banded Royal butterfly (Rachana jalindra indra) in the state. The discovery was made during a survey in the Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary in 2021 and later published in the international journal Munis Entomology & Zoology. This species, protected under Schedule II of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, was previously undocumented in Tripura. Researchers highlighted its distinct features, including a white underside with a chocolate discal band on the forewing and green scales on the hindwing. This finding underscores the richness of Tripura’s biodiversity and the importance of continued ecological research.

The Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has released the "Annual Groundwater Quality Report – 2024," highlighting widespread contamination in India's groundwater. The report reveals that nitrate levels in 20% of samples exceed permissible limits, with Rajasthan, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu among the worst-affected states. Fluoride and arsenic contamination also pose significant health risks, particularly in regions like the Ganga-Brahmaputra floodplains. Additionally, uranium contamination has been identified in over-exploited groundwater zones, notably in Rajasthan and Punjab. The report emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable groundwater management and pollution control measures to ensure safe drinking water.

The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has introduced amendments to the rules for selecting experts to the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), which regulates genetically modified (GM) seeds in India. The new rules mandate expert members to disclose any potential conflicts of interest and take necessary steps to prevent them from influencing GEAC decisions. Experts with a direct or indirect association with matters under discussion must disclose this before meetings and recuse themselves if necessary. Additionally, all members must submit a form detailing their professional affiliations from the past decade. These amendments follow a Supreme Court order in July 2023, which directed the Centre to form a national policy on GM crops and address conflicts of interest, stemming from past allegations related to the approval of GM mustard.

On January 1, the Territorial Army established the Ganga Task Force (GTF) battalion, dedicated to the rejuvenation and protection of the Gomti River. The task force, primarily composed of ex-servicemen, will focus on pollution monitoring, riverbank patrolling, public awareness campaigns, and stabilizing riverbanks. The formal raising ceremony took place at Lucknow Cantonment, where Brigadier Chinmay Madhwal handed over the flag to Colonel Aravind Prasad S, the Commanding Officer of the GTF. The initiative is supported by the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) and aims to significantly contribute to environmental sustainability and the restoration of the Gomti River.

Residents of Pithampur have raised strong objections to the incineration of 377 metric tonnes of harmful Union Carbide waste brought from Bhopal. The protest, held at the Pithampur bus stand, was driven by concerns over the potential health and environmental risks posed by the disposal of toxic substances, including methyl isocyanate (MIC), a chemical associated with the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy. The waste is scheduled for incineration by Ramky Environment Management Engineering Limited (REEL) in phase-1 of the disposal process. Protesters, including schoolchildren, have called on authorities to reconsider the incineration and explore safer alternatives. However, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav reassured the public that the disposal will follow scientific guidelines and will not harm the environment, citing the Supreme Court's approval based on a successful trial incineration in 2015.

A rare tiger-like animal, possibly a clouded leopard, has been sighted in a remote area of Himachal Pradesh, renowned for its biodiversity. Known for its exceptional camouflage and shy nature, this elusive creature has sparked excitement among wildlife enthusiasts and conservationists. Experts are using camera traps and other tools to study its movements and habitat. The discovery highlights the importance of preserving the region's natural environment, home to many endangered species. Conservationists hope this sighting will raise awareness about protecting such rare wildlife and their habitats.

A groundbreaking discovery in Brazil has unveiled a new species of velvet ant, distinguished by its striking ultra-black coloration. Found in the country's dense forests, this insect belongs to the Mutillidae family and is known for its powerful sting. Despite being called velvet ants, they are actually solitary wasps. The ultra-black color of this species is believed to play a role in its survival by helping it blend into its environment and deter predators. The discovery adds to the growing body of knowledge about Brazil's rich biodiversity, and researchers are eager to study the species' behavior and ecological role.

India has witnessed a tenfold increase in banana exports over the past decade, with plans to reach $1 billion in exports within the next five years, as reported by the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA). The growth follows successful trial shipments to the Netherlands via sea routes, expected to open new markets, including Russia. In fiscal year 2023-24, India exported bananas worth $300 million, up from $176 million the previous year. The country's global market share in banana exports has grown from 0.21% in 2013 to 1.74% in 2023. Efforts to reduce transport costs through sea protocols, along with government support and modern farming techniques, have played a pivotal role in enhancing banana quality and increasing export volumes. Uttar Pradesh's focus on banana cultivation under the One District One Product initiative has further contributed to India's growing presence in the global banana market.

A comprehensive faunal survey conducted at Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats of Kerala has significantly expanded the regional species checklist, offering new insights into the sanctuary's rich biodiversity. The survey, carried out by wildlife experts and researchers, revealed several new species, including rare and endangered animals, contributing to the ecological significance of the region. The findings are expected to support improved conservation efforts and further research into the sanctuary’s flora and fauna. This survey highlights the importance of continuous research and monitoring in preserving the biodiversity of protected areas and maintaining ecological balance.

Researchers have identified a new species of the genus Stellaria, commonly known as chickweed, in the Eastern Himalayan foothills of West Bengal. This discovery highlights the region's rich biodiversity and ecological significance. The newly identified species displays unique morphological traits and thrives in cool, moist habitats. As a member of the Caryophyllaceae family, it plays a vital role in supporting pollinators and maintaining soil health. The finding underscores the importance of conservation efforts to protect the fragile ecosystems of the Eastern Himalayas from threats like habitat destruction and climate change.

A fire erupted near the Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) in Mumbai during the early hours of Sunday, affecting an area of 1 to 1.5 square kilometers. The fire, which started around 12:14 AM along Gen A K Vaidya Marg in Dindoshi, was quickly contained by the Mumbai Fire Brigade by 2:35 AM. The flames primarily destroyed dry leaves, herbs, shrubs, and trees. While the cause of the fire is still under investigation, environmentalist Stalin D has raised alarms, suspecting it was a deliberate act to harm the vegetation. He criticized ongoing destructive activities in the region and called for the arrest of those responsible. SGNP, known as the green lung of Mumbai, is crucial for the city’s ecology, and this incident has sparked concerns about its preservation.

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has made a significant discovery at the Srisailam temple, uncovering ancient copper plates, gold coins, and inscriptions. These artifacts, believed to date back to ancient times, offer valuable insights into the region's history, culture, and religious practices. The copper plates contain inscriptions that are expected to provide crucial information about the rulers and socio-economic conditions of the time. The discovery further highlights the importance of the Srisailam temple as a historical and cultural site, with ASI continuing its efforts to preserve India's rich heritage through such excavations.

Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam has introduced an online booking portal to streamline the visitor experience. The sanctuary, renowned for its large population of one-horned rhinoceroses, now offers tourists the convenience of booking safari tours, accommodations, and other services online. The platform provides real-time availability, secure payment options, and detailed information about the sanctuary’s offerings, aiming to reduce long queues and promote eco-tourism. Located in Morigaon district, Pobitora is a key conservation area, and this initiative marks a significant step towards improving accessibility and supporting sustainable tourism.

Wildlife authorities in Arunachal Pradesh have arrested three individuals for allegedly poaching a sambar deer in a protected forest area. The poachers were apprehended after a tip-off from local sources, and were found in possession of weapons and materials used for illegal hunting. The poaching of the sambar deer, a species classified as vulnerable, is a violation of the Wildlife Protection Act. Environmentalists have raised concerns over the rising poaching activities in the region, which threatens its rich biodiversity. Authorities have pledged to take stronger measures to combat poaching and ensure the protection of wildlife in the state.

The Bengal Irrigation Department has announced a new initiative to supply water to farmlands through pipelines from the Teesta River, instead of acquiring additional land for digging new canals and drains. The new pipe irrigation system aims to expand the reach of the Teesta Barrage project without requiring land acquisition. The project will be implemented in districts including Jalpaiguri, Cooch Behar, North Dinajpur, and the Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling. The system will use reservoirs and pipelines to distribute water more effectively, allowing farmers to regulate water flow to their fields. Local officials and elected representatives have expressed support for the initiative, which is expected to improve water distribution and agricultural productivity in the region.

The phrase "time to collar the cat" is a metaphor for taking charge of challenging or difficult situations. It originates from the literal difficulty of putting a collar on a cat, which often resists the action. Figuratively, the expression is used to signify the need to address or manage something that is hard to control, whether in leadership, personal life, or professional settings. The phrase encourages individuals to face tough tasks head-on, symbolizing the moment when action is required to resolve complex issues.

A new study reveals that sea otters, once thought to be extinct, have made a remarkable comeback along the West Coast of the United States, particularly at the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve in California. These otters are playing a crucial role in controlling the population of green crabs, an invasive species that has been damaging local ecosystems. The sea otters consume between 50,000 and 120,000 green crabs annually, helping to protect seagrass beds and maintain the health of kelp forests, which are vital for carbon sequestration. The study highlights the broader environmental impact of sea otters in maintaining biodiversity and combating climate change.

A report by Caminando Fronteras revealed that more than 10,000 migrants lost their lives in 2024 while attempting to reach Spain by sea, marking a 58% increase in fatalities compared to 2023. The majority of deaths occurred on the Atlantic route, connecting West Africa to Spain’s Canary Islands, known as one of the world’s most dangerous migration paths. Among the victims were 1,538 children and 421 women, with April and May being the deadliest months.The report also noted a significant rise in boats departing from Mauritania, which became the primary departure point. In response, Spain allocated €210 million to Mauritania to combat human smuggling. Despite these efforts, over 57,700 migrants successfully reached Spain by sea in 2024, a 12% increase from the previous year.

A new review study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B casts doubt on the effectiveness of the voluntary biodiversity credit market, which aims to channel private sector funding into biodiversity conservation and restoration projects. The study highlights significant methodological and regulatory gaps, including uncertainties in defining biodiversity units, quantifying biodiversity, and tracking conservation outcomes. While the market has gained global attention and is projected to grow significantly in value by 2050, the review points out challenges such as fungibility, additionality, and leakage, urging the need for better regulation and enforcement to ensure its success.

The bald eagle, a longstanding symbol of the United States' strength and power, has officially been recognized as the national bird. President Joe Biden signed legislation amending the U.S. Code to correct a historical oversight, making the bald eagle the official national bird. The bald eagle has been a national emblem since 1782, appearing on the Great Seal of the United States and various U.S. coins. It is also protected under the National Emblem Act of 1940, which prohibits its sale or hunting. The eagle's image has been a symbol of American unity and strength for centuries, and this official designation solidifies its status as a national icon.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi marked the 3rd Veer Baal Diwas at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, celebrating the bravery and sacrifice of the Sahibzades. He emphasized the day as a national inspiration, honoring the courage of the Sahibzades, who sacrificed their lives at a young age over three centuries ago. The Prime Minister also recognized 17 children with Veer Baal Awards for their achievements in bravery, innovation, science, technology, sports, and arts. In his speech, Modi stressed the importance of youth empowerment, drawing inspiration from the Sahibzades' valor and the principles of India's Constitution. He highlighted the government's youth-centric policies, focusing on innovation, fitness, and education. The Prime Minister also launched the 'Suposhit Gram Panchayat Abhiyan' to combat malnutrition and announced the 'Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue' to engage youth in shaping India's future.

Madhya Pradesh is taking a significant step in wildlife conservation by translocating 15 tigers to Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, and Odisha. This initiative aims to alleviate pressure on the state's growing tiger reserves and bolster tiger populations in the receiving states. The relocation process will involve capturing tigers from Madhya Pradesh's reserves and moving them to areas with suitable habitats for their survival. The project is aligned with India's National Tiger Conservation Plan, which focuses on promoting genetic diversity and reducing overpopulation in specific areas. The translocation will occur in phases, with the first batch of tigers expected to be relocated soon. This project marks a major milestone in India’s efforts to protect and preserve its national animal, the tiger.

Researchers in Siberia have uncovered the remains of a juvenile mammoth, believed to be over 50,000 years old, in the Batagaika crater, which is rapidly expanding due to climate change. The mammoth's carcass, weighing over 110 kg (240 pounds), was found with its head and trunk unusually well-preserved, despite some damage to its forelimbs. The mammoth is thought to have been just over a year old at the time of its death. This discovery follows other significant finds in the region, including a 32,000-year-old sabre-toothed cat cub and a 44,000-year-old wolf carcass, shedding light on ancient life in the area.

West Bengal welcomed two male red pandas from Rotterdam Zoo in the Netherlands, marking the first such acquisition in nearly a decade. The animals arrived at Kolkata’s Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport and are being transported to the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (PNZP) in Darjeeling. The primary aim of this acquisition is to enhance genetic diversity in the zoo's successful red panda breeding program. The red pandas, named Vishal and Koshi, will undergo a month-long quarantine before being paired for breeding. The zoo's conservation efforts are crucial for preserving the endangered species, with fewer than 10,000 red pandas remaining globally.

The Forest Department has initiated an operation to monitor and track a wild elephant that has been wandering through the Udhagamandalam region. The elephant, believed to have strayed from its natural habitat, has been spotted in various areas, raising concerns about potential conflicts with human settlements. The department has deployed teams to track the elephant's movements and issued safety advisories to local residents. Efforts are underway to safely guide the elephant back to its natural environment, with coordination between wildlife experts and authorities. The public is urged to report any sightings to assist in the monitoring efforts.

The lion-tailed macaque, one of the world’s most endangered primates, is under serious threat due to habitat destruction, fragmentation, and human encroachment in India’s Western Ghats. Known for its distinctive silver-white mane and long tail, this species' survival is increasingly jeopardized by deforestation for agriculture and urban development. As their natural habitat shrinks, these primates are forced to venture into human settlements, escalating conflicts and putting them at risk of injury. Conservationists urge immediate action, including creating wildlife corridors, enforcing anti-deforestation laws, and raising awareness to protect both the macaque and the biodiversity of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A groundbreaking study published in the Springer Nature Journal has revealed that California ground squirrels, long considered harmless herbivores, are actually opportunistic omnivores. Led by researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and the University of California, Davis, the study documented squirrels actively hunting and consuming voles. This unexpected behavior was observed during the 12th year of the Long-term Behavioral Ecology of California Ground Squirrels Project at Briones Regional Park. The discovery, supported by video evidence, sheds light on the squirrels' ability to adapt to changing environments, possibly aiding their survival in areas impacted by human interference.

Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari, has inaugurated a 1 km stretch of Asia's first highway featuring a bio-bitumen blended surface, located on the Jabalpur-Nagpur route. This innovative project aims to reduce pollution caused by stubble burning, as the bio-bitumen is made from crop residue, providing farmers an alternative income source. The new technology, which blends 15% bio-bitumen with conventional bitumen, is expected to lower road construction costs and reduce India's reliance on imported petroleum-based bitumen. Although the project is still in its trial phase, with testing expected over the next two years, the initiative could lead to significant economic and environmental benefits. The bio-bitumen was developed by Praj Industries in collaboration with the Central Road Research Institute (CRRI).

Kashmir artisans have brought the extinct dodo bird back to life through the intricate art of papier mâché, 343 years after the species' extinction. Using traditional techniques, the artisans have created a detailed and colorful representation of the dodo, showcasing the region’s rich cultural heritage. This artistic revival not only highlights the skill of the craftsmen but also serves as a reminder of the importance of biodiversity conservation. The papier mâché dodo stands as a tribute to the extinct bird, raising awareness about the need to protect endangered species.

In Ethiopia’s highlands, the endangered Ethiopian wolf, Africa’s rarest carnivore, has been observed feeding on the nectar of the Ethiopian red hot poker flower. This behavior, documented by the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme, suggests the wolf may play a role in pollination—a rare trait for a large predator. Wildlife photographer Adrien Lesaffre’s images revealed pollen on the wolves’ muzzles, indicating potential pollen transfer. While nectar provides only a small energy boost for the wolves, the discovery highlights the complex ecological interactions within Ethiopia’s Afroalpine ecosystem. Conservation efforts are critical to protect both the wolves and their fragile habitat.

The Supreme Court of India has temporarily stayed a series of restrictions imposed by the Kerala High Court on the use of elephants in temple festivals, calling them "impractical" and beyond judicial authority. The Kerala High Court had mandated guidelines such as a 3-meter gap between elephants, an 8-meter distance from the public, and a 100-meter buffer from fireworks areas. The Supreme Court's intervention came after appeals by the organizers of Kerala’s Thrissur Pooram festival, who argued that the high court's directives would disrupt traditional festivals. The Supreme Court clarified that its decision was not aimed at compromising safety but ensuring the guidelines did not conflict with existing rules. This ruling provides relief to temple authorities as the festival season in central Kerala continues.

Dark comets are a mysterious category of celestial bodies in the Solar System, distinct from traditional comets due to their dark, carbon-rich surfaces that absorb sunlight, making them difficult to detect. These objects are important for understanding the diversity and evolution of the Solar System. Advanced techniques like infrared telescopes and space missions are required to track them. However, their low visibility poses a potential risk to Earth, as they could approach undetected. Scientists emphasize the need for improved monitoring systems to identify these enigmatic travelers and mitigate possible threats.

The Chilean giant frog, often called a "living fossil" due to its ancient lineage, is facing severe threats from climate change and human activities. Native to the arid regions of central Chile, this unique amphibian thrives in the cool, moist environments of mountain streams. However, rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and human encroachment through urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation are rapidly destroying its natural habitat. As a result, the frog’s population is declining. Experts are calling for urgent conservation efforts to protect the species, emphasizing the need to address both environmental changes and human impact. Without immediate action, the Chilean giant frog could face the risk of extinction.

The Manipur government announced the re-imposition of the Protected Area Regime (PAR) on Wednesday, affecting Manipur, Mizoram, and Nagaland, all bordering Myanmar. The decision, which marks the return of restrictions after 13 years, is driven by security concerns related to the influx of illegal immigrants from Myanmar. The Manipur government has blamed this influx for contributing to ongoing conflicts in the state. While the Union Home Ministry has communicated the re-imposition to the Chief Secretaries of the three states, officials in Mizoram and Nagaland have not received formal directions yet. The reintroduced PAR will restrict foreign nationals' access to certain areas, which had previously been relaxed to boost tourism. The move has faced criticism, especially in Nagaland, where tourism is a significant industry.

In a historic move for wildlife conservation, the first-ever Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) has been tagged in Assam, marking a significant milestone for the species and Project Dolphin. This groundbreaking initiative, led by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in collaboration with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), the Assam Forest Department, and Aaranyak, aims to address key knowledge gaps regarding the dolphin’s migratory patterns, habitat, and seasonal behaviors. The tagging of a healthy male dolphin, using advanced satellite technology, is the first of its kind globally. The initiative will contribute to the development of effective conservation strategies for this endangered species, which is crucial for maintaining the health of river ecosystems. With plans to extend the project to other states, this effort underscores India’s commitment to safeguarding its National Aquatic Animal and the biodiversity of its river systems.

New research reveals that climate change is driving a significant shift in the tree line of the central Himalayas. Birch trees, traditionally dominant in the region, are being replaced by fir trees, which are climbing upslope at a faster rate. The study, published in Nature Plants, attributes this change to warming temperatures, which benefit fir trees while stressing birch due to heat and moisture shortages. Over the past 200 years, fir has moved upslope at an average of 11 cm per year, while birch has advanced at only 6 cm annually. The shift is expected to alter the ecological functions of the Himalayan ecosystem, affecting processes such as carbon cycling, water-use efficiency, and plant community composition. The research was conducted in Nepal’s Sagarmatha National Park, and climate data shows the region has experienced warming and drying trends, further exacerbating the decline of birch trees.

The Cheetah Action Plan for Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh outlines key measures to introduce cheetahs to the sanctuary in 2025. These include strengthening the genetic foundation of the cheetahs, relocating leopards from the sanctuary’s predator-proof fenced areas, and augmenting the prey population to support the cheetah's dietary needs. The sanctuary, spanning 2,500 sq. km across Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, offers an ideal habitat with grasslands, forests, and riverine patches. The plan also includes a comprehensive research program to monitor leopards and other carnivores, ensuring coexistence with cheetahs. To establish a genetically diverse and sustainable cheetah population, 12-14 cheetahs will be imported from African parks. The sanctuary is part of a broader cheetah conservation initiative, with habitat restoration and prey augmentation efforts in surrounding areas. The introduction of cheetahs is expected to trigger ecological changes, influencing prey species' behavior and habitat use.

A false claim surfaced on social media alleging that the Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister hosted a lavish dinner featuring 'Jungli Murga' (wild chicken), which quickly gained widespread attention. The story was soon debunked as fake and defamatory. In response, authorities filed a case against the individuals responsible for spreading the misleading information, charging them under defamation and fake news-related sections. This incident highlights the growing concerns over the spread of fake news and its potential harm to public figures. Investigations are ongoing to identify those behind the false reports and take appropriate legal action.

The Supreme Court of India has issued a significant ruling directing the government to create a policy for the protection and effective management of sacred groves across the country. Sacred groves, which are forested areas preserved by local communities for religious and cultural reasons, are crucial for maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance. The Court emphasized the importance of safeguarding these ecosystems, which host rare and endangered species, and also hold cultural significance for indigenous communities. The policy, once implemented, will include clear guidelines for the protection, management, and restoration of sacred groves, helping to address concerns about their degradation due to deforestation and urbanization. This ruling is expected to strengthen conservation efforts and ensure the sustainable management of these vital natural resources.

In a major conservation initiative, three million seeds of the endangered mollusk species Paphia malabarica have been successfully introduced into Ashtamudi Lake in Kerala. This project aims to restore the mollusk population and improve the lake's ecosystem, which is already recognized as a Ramsar Wetland site. The Paphia malabarica species, crucial for both ecological and economic reasons, has been declining due to habitat loss and environmental changes. Experts believe the release of these seeds will help regenerate the species and contribute to the overall health of the aquatic environment. Local authorities and environmental organizations are closely monitoring the progress of this restoration effort, which underscores the importance of conservation in protecting vulnerable species.

In a landmark judgment, the Supreme Court has broadened the investigative scope of the National Investigation Agency (NIA), allowing it to probe offences beyond those listed in the NIA Act’s schedule. The Court ruled that the NIA, while investigating Scheduled Offences, can also look into any other offence connected to the case. This ruling came while upholding the Punjab and Haryana High Court’s decision to cancel the bail of Ankush Vipan Kapoor, involved in a heroin smuggling racket linked to terrorism. The judgment clarifies that the NIA’s powers are expansive and may include offences related to terrorism under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), even if those offences are not listed in the NIA Schedule.

Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh emphasized the transformative power of blending India’s ancient knowledge with modern scientific advancements during the celebration of five years of the Science and Heritage Research Initiative (SHRI). He highlighted the government’s commitment to preserving India’s heritage through initiatives like digitalizing ancient manuscripts, restoring artifacts, and using non-invasive techniques for heritage preservation. Dr. Singh also discussed successful examples, such as the Aroma Mission and the Lavender Revolution, showcasing how traditional wisdom can drive modern innovation. He urged Indian scientific institutions to align with global standards and adopt strategies to showcase India’s achievements. The event featured the launch of innovative products, including a crowdsourced Sanskrit dictionary, herbal wound care products, and a virtual reality experience of the Ajanta Caves, underscoring India’s potential to lead in the global knowledge economy by combining its rich heritage with cutting-edge technology.

Jodhaiya Bai, a legendary Baiga tribal artist from Madhya Pradesh, has passed away at the age of 70. Honored with the Padma Shri for her outstanding contributions to preserving and promoting Baiga art, Bai was a pioneer in reviving the intricate traditions of her tribe. Her artwork, which depicted nature, animals, and everyday life, earned national and international recognition. Bai's legacy as a champion of Baiga culture will continue to inspire future generations, marking the end of an era for tribal art in India.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed deep sorrow over the devastation caused by Cyclone Chido in Mayotte, a French overseas territory near Madagascar. The cyclone, with winds reaching 200 km/h, has resulted in at least 22 deaths and over 1,400 injuries. Major parts of the island remain under rubble, and authorities fear the death toll may rise. The French government has deployed additional paramilitary personnel for relief efforts and imposed a nighttime curfew to prevent looting and disease. French President Emmanuel Macron called the situation a "tragedy" and promised to visit the affected region. Cyclone Chido is the strongest storm to hit the area in over 90 years, with neighboring Mozambique also suffering from heavy rainfall and casualties. Experts warn that global warming may increase the frequency and intensity of such natural disasters.

A new report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reveals that the Arctic tundra, traditionally a carbon sink, has shifted to emitting more greenhouse gases (GHGs) than it absorbs. Rising temperatures, which are causing permafrost to thaw, and increased wildfires are the primary contributors to this dramatic change. The Arctic is warming at four times the global rate, and the thawing of permafrost releases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into the atmosphere, amplifying global warming. The report highlights that this transformation could worsen climate change, which is already causing adverse impacts worldwide. To reverse this trend, the report stresses the importance of reducing global GHG emissions. However, with emissions continuing to rise, the prospects of restoring the Arctic tundra as a carbon sink seem uncertain.

A male humpback whale has set a new record by swimming over 13,046 kilometers (8,106 miles) from South America to Africa, marking the longest whale migration ever documented. This remarkable journey, tracked using the Happy Whale platform, sheds light on the migratory patterns and adaptability of humpback whales. The whale, first sighted near Colombia in 2013, made an unexpected appearance in the Indian Ocean near Zanzibar in 2022, crossing two separate breeding populations in different oceans. Researchers speculate that factors like competition for mates and food shortages may have prompted this unusual route. This unprecedented migration raises questions about the whale's integration into the Indian Ocean population, which has been affected by historical whaling. The Happy Whale platform continues to monitor the whale’s progress, offering valuable insights into the behavior of humpback whales and the potential for greater connections between whale populations globally.

On December 14, 2024, Vice President of India, Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar, presented awards to the winners of the National Painting Competition on Energy Conservation 2024, organized as part of the National Energy Conservation Day celebrations. The competition, aimed at promoting energy-saving practices through art, saw participation from students across the country. In his address, the Vice President emphasized the importance of energy conservation for a sustainable future and highlighted the government's efforts to promote energy efficiency. The event recognized the creativity of young artists who conveyed the message of sustainable living through their artwork. National Energy Conservation Day serves as an annual reminder to reduce energy consumption and adopt renewable energy sources to combat climate change.

A rare sighting of the Little Bunting bird, previously unrecorded in Rajasthan, has occurred in the hills of Mount Abu, sparking excitement among bird watchers and wildlife enthusiasts. Known for its elusive nature and migratory patterns, the bird's appearance in this region adds to Mount Abu's reputation as a hub for biodiversity. Experts believe the Little Bunting may be migrating through the area, as it is typically found in northern and central Asia. The sighting has been confirmed by local birdwatchers and ornithologists, who hope the bird may establish a permanent presence. This discovery highlights the importance of preserving natural habitats and offers new opportunities for ecological research and conservation.

The Nagaland Tourism Department issued a formal apology to the Khiamniungan Union Kohima after the Khiamniungan Tribe’s name was omitted from the Heritage Guide Map displayed at the Hornbill Festival 2024. In a letter to the Union's President, Tourism Director Veyielo Doulo acknowledged the oversight, expressing regret for the resulting "deep discontentment and unhappiness." The department reaffirmed its commitment to cultural inclusivity and pledged to prevent similar mistakes in the future.The Khiamniungan Union had raised concerns about additional grievances, including omissions from the morung display board, cultural troupe introductions, and mispronunciations of the tribe’s name. These issues, described as cumulative neglect, led to community frustration and warnings of potential boycotts.In response, the Tourism Department assured the community of corrective measures and stronger engagement to ensure the Khiamniungan Tribe’s proper representation in future events.

Marine scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery in the deep ocean with the identification of a previously unknown predator, named 'Darkness.' This creature, with its translucent body and glowing appendages, has captivated researchers due to its unique adaptations for navigating the pitch-black environment. Unlike any known species, the 'Darkness' employs stealth and sudden bursts of speed to hunt its prey. This discovery highlights the unexplored mysteries of deep-sea ecosystems and offers a glimpse into the extraordinary life forms that thrive in extreme conditions. Scientists hope that studying the 'Darkness' will provide valuable insights into marine biodiversity and the adaptations of organisms in harsh environments.

Jaladam Valley, nestled in the remote regions of India, offers a rare insight into the life of the Konda Reddi tribe, an indigenous community that has maintained its traditional way of life for centuries. Surrounded by lush greenery and serene landscapes, the tribe lives in harmony with nature, practicing sustainable farming and relying on natural resources. Their homes, crafted from locally sourced materials, blend seamlessly with the surrounding environment, reflecting a deep connection with the land. The Konda Reddi tribe's cultural heritage is preserved through generations, with elders playing a key role in passing down customs, rituals, and traditions. In a rapidly modernizing world, Jaladam Valley stands as a symbol of the resilience of indigenous cultures and the importance of preserving these unique ways of life for future generations.

The proposed Malwa Canal, a flagship project by Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann, is expected to affect 1.30 lakh trees and plants as part of its construction. This 150-kilometer canal, designed to irrigate 2 lakh acres in southern Punjab, will be the first canal built in the state post-Independence. Estimated at Rs 2,300 crore, the project is set to run parallel to the Rajasthan Feeder Canal, on land owned by the Rajasthan Government. The Punjab Forest Department has raised concerns, noting that the canal's construction will impact 49.2164 hectares of forest land and over 1 lakh trees planted in previous plantation efforts. The project is currently under review, with a final decision pending from the state government. Despite its potential environmental impact, the project has sparked controversy, with opposition parties questioning its feasibility.

The Kalyan civil court has dismissed a 48-year-old legal suit filed by the Majlish-e-Mushavreen Majjid Trust, which claimed ownership of the idgah (prayer space) within the historical Durgadi Fort in Kalyan. The court ruled that the suit was barred by limitations, as the trust failed to file the case within three years of the alleged dispossession. The court declared the land as belonging to the Maharashtra state government, specifically the Thane Collector. This legal dispute, which began in 1976, has involved significant political and religious debates, with leaders from Shiv Sena, BJP, and other Hindu organizations expressing support for the court's decision. The Maharashtra government had declared Durgadi Fort a heritage property in 1971, ensuring the state's control over its ownership and possession.

Sultanpur National Park, a Ramsar site since 2021, faces challenges due to illegal construction activities in its restricted zones. Anand Mohan Sharan, Additional Chief Secretary (ACS) of Forest and Wildlife, has instructed the district administration to prepare a comprehensive status report on unauthorized constructions and submit it to the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEF & CC). Deputy Commissioner Ajay Kumar has been directed to oversee inspections and enforce compliance with structural regulations. The construction activities in sensitive zones violate the zonal master plan, and Sharan emphasized that such violations would not be tolerated. He also called for public awareness about environmental conservation, highlighting the state and central governments' commitment to sustainable development.

The National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA) is set to release its final report on the Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Scheme (KLIS) by December 2024, excluding geo-technical tests due to the state government’s reluctance to conduct them. The report is critical for the state government, which plans to make decisions on KLIS based on expert recommendations. Despite warnings from the NDSA about structural risks in the Annaram and Sundilla barrages—constructed using the same technology as the collapsed Medigadda barrage—the state government plans to store 5 TMCFT of water. The NDSA’s findings will also inform the PC Ghose Commission's investigation into alleged irregularities in KLIS. After taking office, the Congress government tasked the NDSA with preparing a detailed report on the project’s structural stability and recommending necessary measures.

In a groundbreaking discovery, researchers have identified five new species of the Darwin wasp, a key pollinator for certain orchids. The discovery, made during extensive fieldwork in biodiversity-rich remote areas, adds to the understanding of this insect's evolutionary traits and ecological role. Using advanced techniques such as DNA analysis and field observations, the team was able to distinguish these new species from previously known ones. The findings highlight the importance of the Darwin wasp in pollinating rare and endangered plants, with significant implications for biodiversity and conservation efforts. This discovery underscores the need for continued exploration to better understand the natural world.

For the first time, the Birhor tribe in Jharkhand has joined the fight against child marriage, marking a significant step in the state's efforts to eliminate the practice. The tribe's involvement is part of a broader movement aimed at raising awareness about the negative effects of child marriage on girls' health, education, and future opportunities. Supported by government agencies and NGOs, the initiative seeks to educate communities and encourage the delay of marriage until girls reach the legal age. The tribe’s participation is expected to lead to a positive change, with hopes of reducing child marriage rates and improving the well-being of young women in the region.

India has expressed growing concern over the escalating situation in West Asia, particularly the attacks on commercial vessels in and around the Red Sea. These attacks threaten freedom of navigation and disrupt India’s trade routes. The Indian government has raised the issue with regional countries and is closely monitoring the situation through its diplomatic missions.In response to potential disruptions to India’s energy security, especially in the Strait of Hormuz and Red Sea due to the Israel-Iran conflict, the government is implementing a multi-pronged strategy. This includes diversifying energy supply sources, boosting domestic oil and gas production, and advancing the adoption of alternative energy sources.The Indian Navy is actively involved in enhancing maritime security in the region under ‘Operation Sankalp’. The Navy has deployed 30 ships and responded to over 24 incidents, saving more than 350 lives. Additionally, the Navy has safeguarded nearly 91 lakh MT of cargo onboard over 250 vessels, ensuring the safe transit of critical commodities for India.