India has achieved a significant milestone in its aerospace industry with the approval of the Kaveri engine for inflight testing. Developed by the Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), this engine is a crucial step towards India’s goal of achieving self-reliance in jet engine technology. The inflight testing phase will verify the engine's performance under real-world conditions and is expected to enhance the capabilities of India's fighter aircraft. This development is seen as a major leap in reducing dependence on foreign engine manufacturers and strengthening India’s position in the global aerospace sector. The successful integration of the Kaveri engine could also open future opportunities in both defense and civilian aviation.

The Indian pharmaceutical industry is on the brink of a major transformation, driven by advancements in AI, machine learning, and precision medicine. With the market projected to grow to USD 130 billion by 2030, India is positioning itself as a global leader in high-quality, affordable pharmaceuticals. Key factors contributing to this growth include a focus on research excellence, innovation, and specialty drug portfolios, as well as favorable government policies and the advantage of a skilled workforce. Additionally, the industry is set to capitalize on the expiration of patents for blockbuster biologics and the rising demand for biosimilars. Strengthened regulatory frameworks and the promotion of research and innovation will further accelerate the sector’s development. As the healthcare landscape evolves, India’s pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors, including hospitals, medtech, and diagnostics, are expected to play a pivotal role in advancing global health while addressing the growing demand for specialized care and preventive health solutions.

A recent study has uncovered a key protein responsible for muscle loss in aging individuals, a condition known as sarcopenia. As we age, this protein, which is vital for muscle repair and regeneration, becomes less effective, leading to a gradual decline in muscle mass. This discovery could pave the way for new treatments aimed at slowing or reversing sarcopenia, helping older adults maintain strength, mobility, and overall quality of life. Researchers are hopeful that targeting or enhancing the activity of this protein could lead to therapies that preserve muscle mass and improve health in aging populations.

Scientists in Japan have uncovered a prehistoric rock containing chemical signatures and fossilized remains that offer valuable insights into ancient ocean anoxic events—periods when oceans were depleted of oxygen, leading to widespread marine extinctions. This discovery provides a glimpse into how Earth's oceans responded to dramatic environmental changes, such as volcanic activity, shifts in ocean circulation, and carbon dioxide emissions. Researchers are analyzing the rock's composition to better understand the sequence of events that led to oxygen depletion, including the role of algal blooms fueled by nutrient runoff. The study of these ancient events is crucial for predicting how modern oceans might respond to climate change and human-induced environmental stressors.

Rwanda has officially declared the end of its first Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreak, confirmed on September 27, 2024, and declared over on December 20, 2024. The outbreak recorded 66 confirmed cases and 15 fatalities, with a relatively low fatality rate of 23%. Approximately 80% of infections occurred among health workers.Rwanda's comprehensive response, supported by the WHO, included disease surveillance, extensive testing, infection prevention, contact tracing, clinical care, and public awareness campaigns. These measures effectively curbed the virus's spread, reducing cases by 90% within weeks.Marburg Virus Disease, a severe and often fatal illness, has no approved vaccines or treatments yet, though promising vaccines are under development. WHO played a crucial role in managing the outbreak, deploying experts and mobilizing resources. Post-outbreak efforts focus on supporting survivors in managing long-term effects.

A recent study by Dr. Abhrajyoti Ghosh and his team at the Bose Institute has shed light on how archaea, one of Earth’s oldest life forms, survive extreme heat using toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. Published in the journal mBio, the research focused on the heat-loving archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, which thrives in volcanic pools reaching temperatures of up to 90℃. The study uncovered the novel role of the VapBC4 TA system in regulating protein production, forming persister cells, and creating biofilms under heat stress. These mechanisms allow archaea to conserve energy and endure harsh conditions, offering valuable insights into microbial survival strategies and evolutionary processes.

Quantum computing is a groundbreaking technology that harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information far beyond the capabilities of traditional computers. Unlike classical computers that use bits, quantum computers use qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to superposition. This allows quantum computers to perform complex calculations at much higher speeds, with potential applications in fields like cryptography, drug discovery, artificial intelligence, and climate modeling. Despite being in its early stages, quantum computing faces challenges such as qubit stability and error correction. However, its transformative potential makes it one of the most exciting areas of research, with the possibility of quantum and classical computers working together to solve previously unsolvable problems.

Octopuses, along with other cephalopods like squids and cuttlefish, are emerging as a new frontier in animal welfare due to their remarkable intelligence and complex behaviors. As these creatures are increasingly used in research and kept in captivity, concerns about their ethical treatment are growing. Studies have revealed that cephalopods exhibit advanced cognitive abilities, such as problem-solving and tool use, which has prompted a reevaluation of how they should be treated in scientific settings. In response, some countries, including the European Union, have introduced animal welfare laws to protect cephalopods, acknowledging their capacity for pain and distress. The growing awareness of their welfare needs is expected to lead to improved living conditions and more ethical practices in research and captivity.

The National Institute of Siddha (NIS) in Chennai has set a Guinness World Record by providing Varmam therapy to 567 individuals simultaneously. This historic event, held at the NIS campus in Tambaram, highlights the growing global recognition of Siddha medicine and its non-invasive, drug-free therapeutic methods. The event was attended by prominent figures such as Shri Prataprao Jadhav, Union State Minister of Ayush, and Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha, Secretary of the Ministry of Ayush, who praised the efforts of NIS in promoting traditional healing practices. Prof. Dr. R. Meenakumari, Director of NIS, emphasized the unique benefits of Siddha Varmam therapy, which is used to treat a range of conditions, including neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, autism, and cerebral palsy. This achievement marks a significant milestone in the global recognition of Siddha medicine and its therapeutic potential.

In a significant development aimed at improving the health and safety of farmers, scientists have introduced the 'Kisan Kavach,' a protective gear designed to shield farmers from harmful pesticide exposure. This lightweight and durable gear acts as a barrier, preventing direct contact with dangerous chemicals commonly used in agricultural sprays. By reducing the risk of health issues such as skin irritation and long-term conditions, the 'Kisan Kavach' ensures that farmers can work safely and comfortably in the fields. This innovation not only promotes better health outcomes for farmers but also aligns with efforts to make farming practices more sustainable and safer.

The Hon’ble Minister of Textiles met with senior officials from Uniqlo, facilitated through Invest India, to discuss advancing India’s textile industry. Uniqlo, with 15 stores and a 30% growth rate in India, is committed to enhancing cotton production, quality, and productivity. The meeting emphasized India’s potential as a global hub for high-quality cotton sourcing, with Uniqlo’s pilot project already showing promising results. The Ministry invited Uniqlo to invest in the PM MITRA Parks, aligning with India’s goal of reaching a $350 billion textile market by 2030. Uniqlo will also participate in the upcoming Bharat Tex Global Textile Expo, furthering innovation and sustainability in the sector.

A rare sighting of Wroughton’s free-tailed bat, a species known for its large size and bicoloured velvet fur, has been recorded at the Delhi Development Authority’s (DDA) Yamuna Biodiversity Park. This species, primarily found in the Western Ghats, has been spotted only in a few locations, including Jaintia Hills and Cambodia. The bat plays an important ecological role in regulating insect populations and aiding in pollination. The sighting is significant for Delhi, which has previously seen the local extinction of several bat species. The discovery highlights the success of two decades of ecological restoration efforts in the region, contributing to the creation of specialized habitats for various species.

Zakir Hussain, the legendary tabla maestro and five-time Grammy Award winner, passed away on Sunday in San Francisco due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a rare and progressive lung disease. IPF causes irreversible scarring of the lung tissue, leading to difficulty in breathing and reduced lung function. The exact cause of IPF remains unknown, though factors such as environmental exposure, genetic predisposition, and chronic inflammation are believed to contribute. The disease primarily affects individuals over 50 years of age, with men being more susceptible. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care are essential for managing the condition, with treatments including antifibrotic drugs, oxygen therapy, and in severe cases, lung transplants.

A recent study has uncovered a new chemical pathway that worsens air quality during cold winter months. Environmental scientists discovered how common pollutants interact with other atmospheric compounds, intensifying the formation of harmful substances like particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone. These pollutants are particularly dangerous to vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions. Experts emphasize the need for more effective strategies to monitor and reduce air pollution during winter, and the findings could help shape future policies aimed at improving air quality and public health.

The Indian Navy will commission INS Nirdeshak, a state-of-the-art hydrographic survey ship, designed to assist in navigation, conduct surveys, and support maritime operations. Built at GRSE Kolkata, the ship boasts over 80% indigenous content and features advanced hydrographic and oceanographic equipment. With a displacement of 3,800 tonnes, INS Nirdeshak is powered by diesel engines and can reach speeds exceeding 18 knots. It will play a pivotal role in mapping India’s waters and strengthening the nation's strategic presence in the Indian Ocean Region. The ship also carries the legacy of the original INS Nirdeshak, which served the Navy for 32 years. The unveiling of the ship's crest, ‘The Pathfinder of the Seas’, highlights India’s maritime sovereignty and technological prowess.

India has taken a significant step in addressing the growing diabetes epidemic by launching its first-ever diabetes biobank. The biobank will collect and store biological samples from individuals with diabetes, aiding research into the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to the disease. Its primary goal is to support the development of advanced diagnostic tools, treatment options, and preventive strategies. By studying the molecular mechanisms behind diabetes, the biobank is expected to lead to more personalized treatments and improve public health outcomes, making a crucial contribution to diabetes management and prevention in India.

The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) has unveiled an upgraded version of its Search and Rescue Aid Tool (SARAT), aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of maritime search and rescue operations. The new version of SARAT integrates advanced technologies such as enhanced tracking systems, improved data processing algorithms, and the ability to predict the movement of distressed vessels based on environmental factors. This tool will significantly reduce response times and increase the chances of saving lives during maritime accidents. INCOIS, under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, continues to play a pivotal role in enhancing India’s maritime safety infrastructure and contributing to global ocean disaster management efforts.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully conducted a sea-level hot test of its CE20 cryogenic engine at the ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) in Tamil Nadu. This critical test, part of the GSLV Mk III rocket program, simulates the conditions the engine will face during launch. The successful test provides valuable data on the engine’s thrust, combustion efficiency, and overall performance, significantly improving the reliability of ISRO’s future launch vehicles. The CE20 engine is a key component for upcoming crewed missions and interplanetary explorations, strengthening India's position in global space exploration.

The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) has introduced the DAE-Homi Bhabha Chair Scheme to honor distinguished scientists and engineers, including retired professionals, who have contributed significantly to the development of sensitive and critical technologies. The scheme allows awardees to conduct research and development in fields of their choice related to the DAE's interests. The tenure of the award is flexible, ranging from one to five years, and comes with several financial benefits, including a monthly honorarium of Rs. 2,00,000, annual contingency grant of Rs. 76,000, and a lump sum equipment allowance of Rs. 1,25,000. Additionally, awardees may receive a transport allowance if not provided with an official vehicle. This initiative was detailed by Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State for Science & Technology, in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha.

India, France, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have successfully conducted the Desert Knight air combat exercise in the UAE, aimed at enhancing their strategic defence partnership. The exercise focused on improving interoperability, tactical coordination, and operational readiness among the three nations' air forces through simulated combat scenarios. This joint drill highlights the growing defence ties between the countries, offering each nation an opportunity to enhance their combat skills in a multinational setting. The exercise is a key step in fostering mutual trust and cooperation, contributing to regional peace and stability, and paving the way for a stronger trilateral defence relationship.

IIT Madras has made a groundbreaking contribution to neuroscience with the release of the world’s most detailed 3D high-resolution images of the fetal brain. This pioneering research, led by the Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, positions India as a global leader in brain mapping technology. The project, which was completed at a fraction of the cost compared to Western countries, has significant potential for advancing the understanding of brain development and diagnosing developmental disorders. The research was conducted by an international team and supported by key institutions and partnerships, including NVIDIA, and has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Comparative Neurology. The Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre aims to become a global hub for human brain research, with plans to create the largest repository of human brain data for decades of future reference.

Indian scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery of a solar system with three suns, located in a distant galaxy. This unprecedented finding challenges previous theories about star formation and planetary systems. The discovery, made using advanced telescopes and cutting-edge technology, reveals a complex gravitational interaction between the three stars. Experts believe this breakthrough could offer valuable insights into how stars and planets form in multi-star systems and their potential to support life. The discovery has sparked global excitement and further investigations into the evolution of star systems, marking a significant achievement in India's growing contributions to space research.

India is set to finalise a significant defence deal with Russia worth USD 4 billion to acquire an advanced long-range early warning radar system from Russia's renowned Voronezh series. The system, capable of detecting threats like ballistic missiles and aircraft at ranges of up to 8,000 kilometers, will enhance India's missile detection and air defence capabilities. The acquisition aligns with India's defence modernisation efforts and the "Make in India" initiative, with 60% of the system's components to be manufactured domestically. The radar will be installed in Chitradurga, Karnataka, a strategically important location. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh is currently visiting Russia to further strengthen bilateral ties and finalise the deal. The acquisition is expected to provide India with a critical edge in monitoring missile and aircraft movements, boosting its security and technological capabilities on the global stage.

The marbled duck, a rare waterfowl known for its distinctive plumage and migratory nature, has been spotted at Sultanpur Park after a 30-year absence. This rare sighting is seen as a positive indicator for the park's ecosystem and biodiversity. Experts believe the return of the marbled duck highlights the success of recent conservation efforts in the park, which has become home to various migratory and resident bird species. The presence of the marbled duck is hoped to encourage further research and preservation initiatives, ensuring the protection of Sultanpur Park’s natural habitats for future generations.

Using the Subaru Telescope in Hawaii, astronomers have captured a remarkable image of two galaxies locked in a cosmic dance, millions of light-years away. Their gravitational forces are pulling and distorting each other, offering a rare opportunity to study galactic interactions. These interactions are crucial in the formation and evolution of galaxies, often triggering the birth of new stars and causing dramatic structural changes. The Subaru Telescope’s high-resolution imaging continues to provide valuable insights into the wonders of the cosmos, sparking further curiosity and research into the forces shaping our universe.

A team of ichthyologists from the California Academy of Sciences has discovered a new species of damselfish, Chromis abadhah, off the shores of the Maldives. The species was identified during an expedition exploring deep-sea coral reefs in the Indian Ocean. The fish, characterized by its pale blue underside and white top, was found at depths below 100 meters in the mesophotic zone, where light penetration is minimal. The discovery highlights the need for further study of deep-sea ecosystems, which are often overlooked. While the species faces fewer risks from rising ocean acidity, it remains vulnerable to human-made threats such as pollution and discarded materials.

A probe has been initiated following the viral circulation of a video showing a fleet of vehicles, including a police escort, passing through the core area of Uttar Pradesh's Pilibhit Tiger Reserve. The 25-second video, recorded on December 7, raised concerns about a potential violation of forest regulations, which prohibit private vehicles from entering protected areas. Forest and Environment Minister Arun K Saxena responded by confirming the investigation and promising strict action against those found responsible. The minister also emphasized that only forest department vehicles or registered safari tour vehicles are allowed in the core area.

A phase 3 clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of 200 mg filgotinib in treating Crohn's disease has shown promising results, particularly in the maintenance phase. The study, conducted across 371 centers in 39 countries, involved over 2,600 patients with active Crohn's disease. Participants were randomized to receive either filgotinib or a placebo, and those who responded were re-randomized for a 58-week maintenance study. The trial demonstrated that filgotinib achieved significant improvements in clinical remission and endoscopic response during the maintenance phase, despite failing to meet induction endpoints. The safety profile was comparable across treatment groups, with most adverse events being mild or moderate. These findings highlight filgotinib's potential as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for Crohn's disease, though further research is needed to confirm its long-term benefits.

A recent study has uncovered that moths can detect and respond to low-frequency sounds emitted by plants. These sounds help moths identify suitable plants for laying eggs, ensuring optimal conditions for their offspring's growth. Experiments revealed that moths prefer plants emitting specific sound frequencies, highlighting the role of acoustic signals in their decision-making. This discovery not only deepens our understanding of insect-plant interactions but also opens new possibilities for sustainable agriculture. By leveraging these natural behaviors, innovative pest management strategies could be developed, reducing the need for chemical interventions.

Astronomers from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) have achieved a major breakthrough by detecting ultraviolet emissions from novae in the Andromeda galaxy. This is the first time such emissions have been observed in a galaxy outside of the Milky Way, offering new insights into the explosive nature of these stellar events. Novae occur when a white dwarf star in a binary system accretes material from its companion star, resulting in a powerful burst of energy. Using advanced telescopes and imaging techniques, the IIA team captured the ultraviolet light emitted by these explosions. This discovery expands our understanding of stellar explosions and paves the way for future research on novae and other astronomical phenomena in galaxies beyond the Milky Way.

Comedian Munawar Faruqui recently shared the emotional and financial challenges he faced when his young son was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease, a rare condition that causes inflammation in blood vessels, including those that supply blood to the heart. Speaking on a podcast with Janice Sequeira, Munawar recalled how his son, only one-and-a-half years old at the time, fell severely ill, and he struggled to find the funds for treatment. Despite having just Rs 700-800 in his wallet when Rs 75,000 was needed, Munawar managed to arrange the money. Kawasaki disease primarily affects children under five and, if treated early, usually leads to a full recovery.

The first annual review meeting of the Rural Technology Action Group (RuTAG) 2.0 was held on December 5-6, 2024, at the Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST), Srinagar, Kashmir. Chaired by Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood, Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India, the event highlighted the progress of RuTAG projects aimed at fostering technological innovation in rural India. The meeting featured key presentations from RuTAG centres, including IITs and ICAR-NAARM, with an emphasis on scalable, sustainable, and commercially viable technologies. The event also saw the launch of the RuTAG logo and the introduction of the RuTAG Smart Village Centres (RSVC) Initiative, designed to transform villages into economic hubs using innovative, locally-tailored technologies. The meeting concluded with discussions on scaling up these innovations to achieve broader societal impacts and enhance rural livelihoods across the country.

Europe's Vega-C rocket successfully resumed its operations on December 5, 2024, after a two-year suspension due to a failure during its previous mission. Launched from the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana, the rocket deployed the Copernicus Sentinel-1C satellite into orbit. This satellite will replace the non-operational Sentinel-1B and work alongside Sentinel-1A to enhance Earth observation capabilities. The Sentinel-1 programme, crucial for environmental monitoring and disaster management, has generated over 30 petabytes of data. The Vega-C’s successful relaunch marks a critical step in fulfilling its upcoming missions, while the European Space Agency plans to introduce the next-generation Vega-E rocket.

In a distressing incident in north Kolkata, a seven-month-old infant was raped, prompting a swift police investigation that leveraged cutting-edge technology. Authorities arrested Rajib Ghosh, 34, alias Gobra, at a resort in Gopiballavpur, Jhargram. He has been charged under the Pocso Act and the BNS Act. The police analyzed grainy CCTV footage, which revealed the suspect crossing the crime scene multiple times, and employed 'Walking Gait' analysis to match his limp with footage from the day of the crime. The infant is currently receiving treatment and is reported to be in stable condition.

The Indian Navy is set to commission INS Tushil, a cutting-edge multi-role stealth guided missile frigate, next week in Kaliningrad, Russia. This advanced warship, an upgraded Krivak III-class frigate, is part of Project 1135.6 and marks the first of two additional ships contracted in 2016. Built with close collaboration between Indian and Russian shipyards and OEMs, the frigate underwent rigorous trials in early 2024, proving its readiness for combat. INS Tushil will join the Navy’s Western Fleet, enhancing India’s maritime defense capabilities. With a displacement of 3,900 tons, the ship incorporates advanced technologies from both nations, showcasing the growing India-Russia defense ties. Its name, Tushil, meaning "protector shield," symbolizes its mission to safeguard India’s maritime borders.

On Tuesday, Union Minister of State for Forest, Environment, and Climate Change, Sh. Kirti Vardhan Singh, launched 'Nano Bubble Technology' at the National Zoological Park, Delhi, aimed at cleaning and purifying the water in the zoo's ponds. This innovative technology works by removing algae and similar growths from dirty pond water, ensuring a healthier environment for aquatic animals. The technology is being tested in a 15-day trial, and if successful, it will be implemented permanently. The goal is to maintain clean water, which is essential for the health and well-being of the zoo's aquatic creatures, preventing foul smells and algae buildup. The event was attended by key officials, including National Zoological Park Director Sanjeet Kumar and Anand Kapoor from the Nano Bubble Company.

The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), in collaboration with the NITI Aayog and the Embassy of Sweden, alongside Nordic partners, has successfully concluded SheSTEM 2024. This initiative celebrates women's contributions in STEM and inspires young minds to explore careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The challenge invited students from grades 6–12 across India to submit innovative ideas focused on Battery Technology and Energy Storage (BEST) systems, resulting in over 1000 submissions. The event emphasized collaboration, creativity, and sustainability, highlighting the pivotal role of youth-led innovation in addressing global challenges. Key figures, including Ambassador Jan Thesleff and AIM's Dr. Chintan Vaishnav, expressed their commitment to fostering the next generation of STEM leaders through this initiative.

Researchers have unveiled a new ancient human species, Homo juluensis, meaning "big head," based on fossil evidence discovered in China. The fossils, dating back between 220,000 and 100,000 years ago, reveal large brains and thick skulls, with features similar to Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans. This discovery challenges existing classifications of early human species and supports the idea of hybridization playing a key role in human evolution, particularly in East Asia. While the species name is gaining traction, experts continue to debate its exact classification, with some suggesting the fossils might align with other species like Homo longi. This breakthrough adds to our understanding of the evolutionary complexity during the Middle Pleistocene epoch.

Scientists from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) have made a groundbreaking discovery that could transform the treatment of malaria and Covid-19. Their research identifies the human protein Hsp70 as a critical factor in the spread of these diseases. The team developed a small molecule inhibitor of Hsp70, which could act as a broad-spectrum treatment for multiple infections. By targeting Hsp70, the research aims to prevent drug resistance, a common challenge in treating infections. The team’s findings, published in the International Journal for Biological Macromolecules, show that inhibiting Hsp70 blocks the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in lab tests, presenting a new approach for combating rapidly evolving viruses like Covid-19 and malaria. This host-targeting method could offer an innovative solution for future pandemics.

Indian Railways has introduced an innovative AI-based system, Linen Inspection and Sorting Assistant (LISA), developed by the Pune division. This advanced automation system ensures 100% quality inspection of bed sheets used in air-conditioned coaches, aiming to enhance passenger comfort and operational efficiency. Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnav inaugurated the system at the Ghorpadi Integrated Coaching Complex. The introduction of LISA comes as part of a broader initiative to automate operations and improve the cleanliness of linens, with plans for wider deployment across the railway network.Additionally, Indian Railways is preparing to set up a Gram Tent City for Mahakumbh 2025 in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, offering premium accommodations with excellent amenities, including medical support, for attendees. The tent city will be located near the bathing ghats, with a cost of ₹6,000 plus taxes per person per night, including breakfast.

Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA), a serious fungal infection caused by exposure to Aspergillus spores, is responsible for approximately 340,000 deaths annually worldwide. A study by AIIMS Delhi reveals that CPA is particularly deadly for individuals with pre-existing lung damage, with 1 in 3 such patients succumbing to the infection within five years. The study, published in Lancet Infectious Diseases, highlights the higher mortality rates in people suffering from other lung diseases and emphasizes the critical need for accurate diagnosis and antifungal treatment. Misdiagnosis as tuberculosis is common, delaying appropriate treatment. Factors such as age, interstitial lung disease, and smoking-related lung damage contribute to worse outcomes. Timely diagnosis and the use of antifungal medications or surgery are essential for improving survival rates.

The 14th Asia-Oceania Meteorological Satellite Users' Conference (AOMSUC-14) will take place from December 4-6, 2024, in New Delhi, India. Organized by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, the event will bring together scientists, meteorologists, satellite operators, and students to discuss the use of satellite data in meteorology and climatology. The conference aims to promote satellite observations, advance remote sensing science, foster collaboration, and encourage the development of new technologies.The conference will feature oral and poster presentations, panel discussions, and a training workshop for participants, with a special focus on the application of satellite data in weather and climate forecasting. The event will be inaugurated by Dr. Jitendra Singh, the Hon'ble Minister of State for the Ministry of Earth Sciences, and will be attended by prominent dignitaries including Dr. M. Ravichandran (Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences) and Sh. Nilesh M. Desai (Director, Space Application Centre, ISRO). Prior to the conference, a two-day international training workshop will take place from December 2-3, with 70 trainees from various countries. Following the conference, an international coordination meeting will be held on December 7, 2024, to promote global cooperation in satellite-based weather and climate services.

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has classified packaged drinking and mineral water as a "High-Risk Food Category," subjecting them to mandatory risk-based inspections and third-party audits. This decision follows the government's removal of the requirement for certification from the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for these products. Manufacturers of these products will now undergo annual inspections and must have their businesses audited by FSSAI-recognized third-party agencies. The new regulations aim to streamline compliance for the industry and ensure stricter food safety standards.

A 30-year-old female elephant was found dead at the Bandipur Tiger Reserve in the Kundukere range of Gundlupet taluk, Chamarajanagar district, with suspected anthrax being the cause of death. The elephant's body was discovered during a routine patrol by forest department staff. Following a postmortem, the carcass was burned as per protocol. Samples from the elephant’s organs were sent to Bengaluru for further testing to confirm the cause of death. Forest authorities have reassured that no other elephants have shown similar symptoms so far.

Russia is set to deploy the RS-28 Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile, commonly known as "Satan 2," despite technical challenges and previous test failures. Designed to replace the Soviet-era R-36 ICBMs, this next-generation missile is a cornerstone of Russia's nuclear deterrent strategy.With a capacity to carry up to 15 nuclear warheads, the Sarmat features stealth technology, making it hard to detect. Its speed, exceeding 12,000 mph, allows it to strike European targets within minutes. Announced by President Putin in 2018 and entering combat service in 2023, the missile showcases domestic manufacturing and unparalleled destructive power, capable of targeting areas as large as Texas or France. This development heightens global security concerns over its devastating potential and strategic implications.

The first edition of Exercise CINBAX, a joint Table Top Exercise between the Indian Army and the Cambodian Army, commenced on December 1, 2024, at the Foreign Training Node in Pune. Scheduled to conclude on December 8, the exercise involves 20 personnel from each army and focuses on simulating Counter-Terrorism (CT) operations under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.The event is structured into three phases, covering orientation, scenario-based exercises, and the finalization of plans. Discussions will include cyber warfare, hybrid warfare, logistics, casualty management, and peacekeeping operations. The exercise also highlights India’s indigenous defence capabilities, showcasing locally-produced weapons and equipment as part of the ‘Atmanirbharta’ initiative.CINBAX aims to build trust, camaraderie, and interoperability between the two armies while enhancing their joint efficiency in peacekeeping missions and counter-terrorism strategies.

For the first time, scientists have successfully captured a detailed image of a star in another galaxy. The star, WOH G64, located 160,000 light-years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, was previously only visible as a point of light. Using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), researchers revealed that WOH G64 is in the final stages of its life, surrounded by gas and dust. The star, which is around 2,000 times the size of the Sun, is expected to explode as a supernova, scattering heavy elements like gold and uranium into space. This breakthrough offers new insights into the life cycle of massive stars and their transformation into either black holes or supernovae.

A recent study using fossilized feces and vomit, known as bromalites, has shed light on how dinosaurs became dominant during the Triassic Period. The research, focused on Poland, analyzed over 100 kg of bromalites to examine the dietary patterns and ecological roles of early dinosaurs. The study found that early dinosaurs, alongside other reptiles like Polonosuchus, adapted better to environmental changes, enabling them to outcompete rivals and thrive. These findings highlight how shifts in the environment, along with the emergence of new plant life, contributed to the evolution of larger plant-eating dinosaurs, which prompted the rise of larger predatory dinosaurs, marking the transition to dinosaur dominance.

A groundbreaking study has revealed a significant connection between insulin resistance and aortic stenosis, a heart valve disease. Individuals with insulin resistance, often associated with Type 2 diabetes, are at a higher risk of developing aortic stenosis, which can lead to severe cardiovascular complications such as heart failure. The research suggests that metabolic disturbances linked to insulin resistance might accelerate the progression of this condition. Experts recommend lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, to manage insulin resistance and reduce the risk of heart valve issues. Early detection and regular heart checkups are crucial for individuals at risk to prevent complications.

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin has written to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, requesting the cancellation of mining rights granted to Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL) for tungsten mining in Madurai district. Stalin raised concerns over the environmental impact, particularly the potential harm to the Arittapatti biodiversity heritage site, which is home to important archaeological and natural resources. The Tamil Nadu government had previously objected to the auctioning of mining rights for strategic minerals, highlighting the lack of state consent. Local villagers and activists have been protesting against the proposed mining project, fearing damage to their environment and livelihoods. Stalin urged the Prime Minister to intervene and ensure that no mining projects are awarded without the consent of the state government.

Scientists at the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) observatory in Namibia have made a groundbreaking discovery by detecting the most energetic cosmic rays ever observed. These rays, reaching up to 40 teraelectronvolts (TeV), are likely originating from sources located only a few thousand light-years away from Earth. The finding, published in Physical Review Letters, suggests that the rays lose some energy while traveling through space due to interactions with light and magnetic fields, indicating their nearby origin. This discovery also includes the detection of high-energy electrons and positrons, offering direct evidence of powerful cosmic phenomena. Understanding these cosmic rays could shed light on more extreme events, such as star explosions, pulsars, and black holes.

Karnataka's Health and Family Welfare Minister, Dinesh Gundu Rao, has directed health department officials to conduct a scientific study on the rare Handigodu disease, a genetic condition that affects the nervous system and causes severe physical disabilities. During a meeting in Shivamogga, he emphasized the need for effective control measures and also ordered the immediate closure of unauthorized clinics offering allopathic treatments. Minister Rao further announced that mobile Medicare units would be deployed in several rural taluks, new ambulances would be provided to 340 health centers, and special physiotherapy centers would be set up in district hospitals. Additionally, a campaign will be launched in Shivamogga to eliminate blindness, and the Ashakirana scheme will be extended statewide. He also instructed private hospitals to display their treatment rates, with non-compliance leading to strict action.

Researchers led by Prof. Gaurab Gangopadhyay from Bose Institute have discovered a new microbe responsible for a peculiar disease affecting sesame crops in Midnapore, West Bengal. The disease causes the sesame plants to regress from their flowering and fruiting stages to a vegetative state, with the flowers turning green instead of maintaining their usual white and pinkish hue. The culprits behind the disease are Candidatus Phytoplasma, a bacteria that resides in the gut of pests like leafhoppers and plant-hoppers, which are responsible for transmitting the pathogen. The findings, published in the Plant Molecular Biology Reporter in 2024, also explore the impact of this bacterial infection on the metabolic pathways of sesame, contributing to the development of its disease symptoms. This research could help in the development of better management strategies for sesame crops affected by Phytoplasma infection.

Recent research reveals that metabolic flexibility—the body's ability to switch between fuel sources like fats and carbohydrates—during exercise is not associated with metabolic health outcomes in individuals without obesity. Despite the reliance on lipids for energy during prolonged or moderate-intensity exercise, this capability does not predict key metabolic health parameters, such as insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, or blood glucose regulation. The findings suggest that factors like genetics, physical activity levels, and insulin sensitivity may play a more prominent role in determining metabolic health outcomes than lipid utilization efficiency during exercise.

The Bharat National Cyber Security Exercise (Bharat NCX 2024) was inaugurated in New Delhi on November 18, 2024, as a crucial initiative to bolster India’s cybersecurity defenses. Organized by the National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS) in collaboration with Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU), this 12-day exercise aims to equip India’s cybersecurity professionals and leaders with the skills necessary to address evolving threats. The exercise includes immersive training, live-fire simulations, and strategic decision-making exercises. It also features a CISO conclave and an exhibition showcasing innovative cybersecurity solutions from Indian startups. The event runs from November 18 to November 29, 2024, and will conclude with a debrief session to consolidate best practices in cybersecurity.

On Tuesday, Ukraine fired six US-made ATACMS missiles at Russia's Bryansk region, marking a significant escalation in the ongoing conflict. The Russian military intercepted five of the missiles, with debris causing a fire at an unspecified military facility. No casualties were reported. Ukraine claimed responsibility for targeting a military weapons depot in Bryansk, though the specifics of the weapon used were not disclosed. This missile strike follows US President Joe Biden's decision to ease restrictions, allowing Ukraine to use long-range American-made missiles to strike deeper into Russian territory. In response, Russia condemned the move, with President Putin signing a revised nuclear doctrine, which now considers any conventional attack on Russia supported by a nuclear power as a joint attack on Russia.

As the Sun's 11-year solar cycle nears its peak, increased solar activity, including frequent solar flares and heightened solar wind, poses a significant risk to satellites in Earth's orbit. Small satellites, which are critical for communications and Earth observation, are particularly vulnerable to these solar events. Solar flares can damage satellite electronics, disrupt communication systems, and cause power loss, while solar wind can alter satellite orbits, potentially leading to premature re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere. Due to their limited shielding and smaller budgets, small satellites face a higher risk compared to larger, more resilient satellites. Researchers and space agencies are closely monitoring the Sun’s activity and preparing for the heightened risks, with advancements in satellite technology and space weather prediction expected to play a key role in mitigating these impacts in the future.

High-altitude sickness, or acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a serious condition that occurs when the body struggles to adjust to the lower oxygen levels at high altitudes, typically above 2,500 meters. It can cause symptoms like headaches, nausea, fatigue, and dizziness. Rapid ascent without proper acclimatization, previous AMS episodes, and underlying health conditions increase the risk. If untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), both of which are life-threatening. Preventive measures include gradual ascent, staying hydrated, and using medications if needed, while the most effective treatment is immediate descent to lower altitudes. Understanding these dangers is crucial for ensuring safety during high-altitude travel.

In a historic collaboration between SpaceX and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the GSAT-N2 communication satellite was successfully launched on November 19, 2024, from Cape Canaveral, Florida, aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Weighing 4,700 kg, the GSAT-N2 is a Ka-band high throughput communication satellite developed by New Space India Limited (NSIL). It is designed to enhance broadband, in-flight, and maritime connectivity, especially in underserved areas across India. The satellite was placed into Geo-synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) and handed over to ISRO's Master Control Facility for further operations. This launch aligns with the Indian government’s space reforms, and marks the first collaboration between SpaceX and ISRO, as ISRO’s launch vehicles could not carry such a heavy payload.

In a devastating escalation of the ongoing conflict, a Russian ballistic missile struck a civilian area in northern Ukraine, killing at least 11 people and injuring 84 others, many in critical condition. The missile targeted residential buildings, causing widespread destruction and trapping many residents under the rubble. Emergency services are actively working to rescue survivors and provide urgent medical care. Local authorities and international leaders have condemned the attack, which further exacerbates the humanitarian crisis in the region. The Ukrainian government has vowed to continue its resistance, while the international community calls for stronger sanctions and greater efforts to protect civilians.

In recent years, the rise of new infectious diseases, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, has severely impacted bee populations worldwide. Bees are essential for pollinating crops like fruits, vegetables, and nuts, and their decline poses significant risks to agricultural productivity. This disruption in pollination could lead to decreased crop yields, higher food prices, and potential shortages, affecting global economies, especially in agriculture-dependent regions. The loss of bees also threatens biodiversity and the ecological balance. Experts are urging increased research and collaboration among governments, environmental organizations, and agricultural industries to find solutions to protect bee populations and ensure food security for the future.

On November 9, 2024, the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council (BRIC) unveiled the 'One Day One Genome' initiative, aimed at showcasing India’s vast microbial diversity and its significance in fields such as the environment, agriculture, and human health. The initiative was launched by Shri Amitabh Kant, India's G-20 Sherpa, at the National Institute of Immunology (NII) in New Delhi during the first foundation day of BRIC.This initiative focuses on the critical roles of microorganisms, from supporting biogeochemical cycles and enhancing soil fertility to aiding digestion and immunity in humans. Through genome sequencing, the initiative will make valuable genomic data publicly available, offering insights into microbial enzymes, antimicrobial resistance, and bioactive compounds. The goal is to stimulate research, innovation, and public awareness, with a broader impact on environmental protection, agricultural development, and human health.

Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh launched the Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI) 2023, aimed at assessing and improving the grievance redressal mechanisms within various ministries and departments. The GRAI, developed by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG), ranks 89 central ministries based on four key dimensions: Efficiency, Feedback, Domain, and Organizational Commitment. The report, which includes a detailed Root-Cause Analysis, highlights areas for improvement and provides recommendations such as leveraging AI and ML technologies, revising reporting formats, and enhancing accountability through audits. CPGRAMS, a vital tool for public grievance resolution, is recognized for its role in boosting transparency and government accountability.

On November 17, 2024, India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight-tested a long-range hypersonic missile off the coast of Odisha. This achievement, hailed as a historic moment by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, places India among a select group of nations with the capability to develop such advanced military technologies. The missile, which can strike targets at over 1,500 km, was developed indigenously by DRDO and its partners. Hypersonic missiles, capable of speeds greater than Mach 5, offer significant strategic advantages due to their manoeuvrability and speed. While India joins global leaders like Russia and China in hypersonic missile development, it faces challenges in engineering and high costs associated with such systems.

National Epilepsy Day 2024 aims to spread awareness about epilepsy, a neurological condition that causes recurrent seizures. The day highlights the importance of understanding the different types of seizures, recognizing their symptoms, and adopting preventive measures to manage the disorder effectively. Seizures can be categorized into focal and generalized types, with symptoms ranging from loss of consciousness to involuntary muscle movements. Although epilepsy cannot always be prevented, proper medication, lifestyle adjustments, and timely first aid can significantly improve quality of life for those affected. This day serves as a reminder to reduce stigma, promote better healthcare practices, and offer support to individuals living with epilepsy.

A rare white peacock, found with a leg injury in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, was swiftly rescued by a local wildlife team. Known for its striking appearance, the white peacock is a rare genetic variation of the Indian peacock, making its rescue highly significant. The bird is currently receiving treatment at a wildlife care center, with experts optimistic about its recovery. This incident highlights the vital role of local communities in wildlife conservation and the ongoing efforts to protect such rare species. Once fully recovered, the peacock will be released back into its natural habitat.

The Joint Electromagnetic Board (JEMB) held its annual meeting on 13 November 2024, chaired by Air Marshal Jeetendra Mishra, Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Operations). The meeting, attended by senior officials from the Army, Navy, Air Force, DRDO, DDP, and the defence industry, discussed key areas such as Electronic Warfare (EW), Spectrum Management, and Emerging Technologies. Notably, the AI-enabled e-Tarang System was launched to enhance automated planning and management of the defence spectrum. Additionally, the Technical News Letter (TNL) 2024 was released, showcasing technologies set to revolutionize modern warfare. The event underscored the need for integrated EW operations across the Services, highlighted by the success of the first joint EW exercise in September 2024, reinforcing the principle of “Victory through Jointness.”

The Indian Army is conducting the high-intensity tri-service exercise 'Poorvi Prahar' in the forward areas of Arunachal Pradesh from November 10 to November 18, 2024. The exercise aims to enhance the combat capabilities of the Army, Navy, and Air Force through Integrated Joint Operations in the region's challenging mountainous terrain. The exercise highlights the use of cutting-edge military platforms, including advanced fighter aircraft, helicopters, and newly inducted M777 Ultra-Light Howitzers, showcasing India's advancements in modern warfare technology. It also features the integration of innovative tools like Swarm Drones, FPV Drones, and Loitering Munitions to improve precision strikes and situational awareness. A key element is the development of a Common Operating Picture (COP), enabling real-time coordination across ground, air, and naval forces through AI-driven analytics and satellite communications. The exercise underscores India's commitment to maintaining a strong defense posture along its Eastern frontier, reinforcing its ability to conduct multi-domain operations across land, air, and sea.

In a significant operation, law enforcement agencies seized 700 kg of methamphetamine from an international drug syndicate in Gujarat. The operation, codenamed "SAGAR-MANTHAN - 4", was conducted jointly by the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), the Indian Navy, and the Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) of Gujarat Police. The crackdown followed intelligence reports of an unregistered vessel entering Indian waters carrying illicit substances. During the operation, eight individuals, claiming Iranian nationality, were detained without identification documents.Union Home Minister Amit Shah praised the operation, emphasizing the government's commitment to a drug-free Bharat. The investigation is ongoing, with Indian authorities collaborating with international law enforcement agencies to dismantle the global network behind the trafficking. This operation is part of a broader initiative by the Indian Navy and other agencies to combat maritime drug trafficking under the SAGAR-MANTHAN initiative.

The Central Government has introduced the Partnerships for Accelerated Innovation and Research (PAIR) program to enhance research capabilities in central and state public universities. Under a hub-and-spoke mentorship model, universities with limited research experience will collaborate with top-tier institutions. This initiative is part of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), established under the ANRF Act 2023 to foster a research culture, aligning with the goals of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. In its initial phase, PAIR will target universities with promising potential and provide substantial funding for impactful research projects. Institutions can apply online for funding and mentorship under this initiative.

The Indian Army contingent has commenced its journey to participate in the 15th edition of the joint Special Forces Exercise VAJRA PRAHAR, scheduled from November 2 to November 22, 2024, at the Orchard Combat Training Centre in Idaho, USA. This exercise aims to enhance military cooperation between India and the US, focusing on interoperability and the exchange of special operations tactics. Each contingent will comprise 45 personnel, with the Indian side represented by Special Forces units and the US by Green Berets. The exercise will emphasize joint planning, physical fitness, and various tactical drills, including reconnaissance missions and the use of unmanned aerial systems, fostering camaraderie and best practices between the two forces.

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has introduced the "First in the World Challenge," an ambitious initiative designed to foster groundbreaking health solutions. This program invites scientists and innovators to develop unique, practical solutions that address critical health issues in India and beyond. Highlighting the vast scientific talent within India, ICMR Director General Dr. Rajiv Bahl stressed the role of innovation in tackling dynamic health challenges. Selected projects will receive funding and resources from ICMR to support their development, positioning India as a global leader in medical innovation. Through this challenge, ICMR aims to inspire a new wave of creative research to improve health outcomes worldwide.

A groundbreaking study has uncovered a significant association between sleep apnea and the risk of developing dementia in older adults. Analyzing the health records of thousands over several years, researchers found that individuals with sleep apnea were at a markedly higher risk for cognitive decline compared to those without the condition. The study suggests that the repeated breathing interruptions during sleep may lead to decreased oxygen levels in the brain and disrupt natural restorative processes, ultimately damaging neural pathways. Given the rising prevalence of sleep apnea among older populations, experts emphasize the need for early diagnosis and proactive management of sleep disorders to protect cognitive health and improve overall well-being.

In a significant advancement for its space exploration goals, India has initiated its first analogue space mission in Leh, aimed at simulating life in an interplanetary habitat. This landmark project, a collaboration between ISRO's Human Spaceflight Centre, AAKA Space Studio, the University of Ladakh, and IIT Bombay, seeks to replicate the challenges astronauts may face on future deep-space missions. Chosen for its geological similarities to Mars and the Moon, Ladakh offers an ideal environment for testing critical technologies and strategies. Throughout the mission, participants will conduct activities such as habitat design testing, resource management, and psychological studies on isolation, all contributing to India's broader objectives in human spaceflight and interplanetary exploration, including the Gaganyaan project.

Scientists have revealed the existence of a previously hidden Mayan city, known as Valeriana, using advanced LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology. This innovative remote sensing tool allows researchers to scan large areas of land quickly and accurately, uncovering features buried beneath the dense vegetation of Mexico’s jungles. LiDAR works by emitting laser pulses to measure distances and generate high-resolution three-dimensional maps of the Earth’s surface, which are valuable for various fields, including archaeology.The lead researcher, Luke Auld-Thomas, highlighted that this discovery expands the understanding of the Maya civilization, previously limited to a few hundred square kilometers. Valeriana exhibits typical features of a Classic Maya political capital, such as plazas, pyramids, and reservoirs, dating back to before 150 CE. Auld-Thomas hopes that this finding will pave the way for discovering more hidden settlements and enhance knowledge of the ancient civilization that thrived in the region.

The Indian Army has dispatched a contingent of 25 personnel from The Parachute Regiment (Special Forces) to participate in the 9th edition of the India-Indonesia Joint Special Forces Exercise, GARUD SHAKTI 24. Taking place in Cijantung, Jakarta, from November 1 to November 12, 2024, this joint exercise aims to enhance mutual understanding and cooperation between the Special Forces of India and Indonesia. The exercise will involve various activities, including planning and executing special operations, training in jungle terrain, and sharing advanced military skills and tactics. It is designed to strengthen bilateral military cooperation and foster relations between the two nations.

North Korea has announced the successful test-firing of its latest intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), the Hwasong-19, described by state media as "the world’s strongest missile." The missile reportedly features enhanced altitude and extended flight duration, signaling progress toward a nuclear-capable weapon that could target the United States. While the state-run Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) did not confirm the use of solid-fueled technology, South Korean military officials suspect its inclusion. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, who observed the launch with his daughter Kim Ju Ae, praised the missile's development as critical for national security. The launch's timing has raised questions, occurring shortly before the U.S. presidential elections and amid allegations of North Korean troop deployment to support Russia in the Ukraine conflict.

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), a prion disease affecting cervids such as deer, elk, and moose, has been confirmed in New York's wildlife populations, raising concerns about the environmental and ecological impact. The disease is highly contagious among animals, spreading through direct contact with infected saliva, urine, feces, or contaminated soil. While CWD does not currently pose a direct threat to humans, it can lead to severe neurological damage and death in affected wildlife. Precautionary measures such as avoiding hunting in infected areas, proper disposal of carcass remains, and reporting suspected cases are essential to prevent further spread. The disease's impact on wildlife populations could have lasting effects on local ecosystems, making public awareness and prevention crucial.

On Monday, key landmarks in Delhi, including the Rashtrapati Bhavan, South Block, and Parliament, were bathed in red light as part of the ‘Act4Dyslexia’ campaign, aimed at raising awareness about dyslexia and other learning disabilities. The event, organized in collaboration with UNESCO MGIEP and the ChangeInkk Foundation, highlighted the challenges faced by 20% of India's population, including 35 million students. The campaign extended to cities like Patna, Ranchi, and Mumbai, emphasizing the need for inclusivity and removing the stigma surrounding learning disabilities. The campaign also coincides with Dyslexia Awareness Month in October and included over 1,600 walks across the country, engaging over 4 lakh participants. The initiative reinforces the rights of people with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD), as recognized under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act of 2016 and the National Education Policy 2020.

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has raised concerns over the increasing use of mule accounts to run illegal payment gateways that facilitate fraudulent activities like money laundering, cybercrime, and illicit fund transfers. These accounts, often opened by individuals unaware of the illegal operations under their names, are being exploited by criminals to conceal the origin of illicit funds. The MHA has urged financial institutions and law enforcement agencies to work together to identify and shut down these unauthorized systems, while also advising the public to remain vigilant. Authorities are actively investigating the matter, and individuals found involved in these illegal activities could face severe legal consequences. This warning is part of the government’s ongoing efforts to combat financial crimes and protect the integrity of the financial ecosystem.

Astronomers have identified a Trojan asteroid, designated 2019 UO14, that orbits the sun alongside Saturn, marking a significant milestone as Saturn was previously the only giant planet without known Trojans. This newly discovered asteroid takes approximately 30 years to complete its orbit and is situated 60 degrees ahead of Saturn. The discovery was confirmed through extensive observations, including historical telescope images. The asteroid is about 13 kilometers wide, similar in size to Deimos, Mars's smaller moon. Researchers estimate that this Trojan status will last only another 1,000 years before gravitational influences, particularly from Jupiter, destabilize its orbit. Scientists believe there may be more Saturnian Trojans yet to be discovered.

Recent research has unveiled insights into hyperuniformity, a newly identified exotic disordered state of matter characterized by suppressed density fluctuations. This phenomenon has been observed in diverse systems, including quasicrystals and large-scale structures in the universe. Scientists at the S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBNCBS) have demonstrated that while density perturbations in hyperuniform materials diffuse like heat, their occurrence is unlikely due to constraints on particle mobility imposed by an additional conservation law. This study highlights the significant suppression of mass fluctuations in hyperuniform states as system size increases, contrasting sharply with typical liquids at critical points, where such fluctuations diverge. The findings, published in Physical Review E, provide a deeper understanding of the dynamic organization of hyperuniform materials, paving the way for potential technological and biological applications, including advancements in energy-efficient photonic devices and control of physiological functions in cells.

General Electric (GE) has secured a contract to supply its LM2500 marine engines for the Navy's next-generation missile vessels. Renowned for their high power output, fuel efficiency, and reliability, the LM2500 engines are set to enhance the operational capabilities of the Navy's fleet. With improved speed and maneuverability, these engines will support various mission profiles while also reducing maintenance costs. This strategic partnership underscores GE's commitment to advancing naval technology and ensuring the readiness of the Navy's maritime operations.

Russia has conducted a readiness test of its Yars intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) system, a key element of its nuclear forces. The Yars system, capable of carrying multiple warheads and with a range of up to 11,000 kilometers, was tested to ensure its operational readiness through simulated rapid deployments and missile launcher checks. The drill underscores Russia's focus on maintaining its nuclear deterrence, especially amid rising global tensions. While international reactions have been mixed, Russia insists that these routine tests are crucial for the reliability of its defense systems. The Yars system is a core part of Russia's nuclear triad, which also includes submarine-launched missiles and strategic bombers.

Larsen & Toubro (L&T) has successfully launched an advanced multipurpose vessel for the Indian Navy, designed to bolster operational capabilities across various maritime missions. This state-of-the-art vessel is equipped with cutting-edge technology, enabling it to perform tasks such as patrolling, surveillance, and search and rescue operations. It aligns with the Indian Navy's objectives of ensuring maritime security and protecting national interests in critical sea lanes. L&T's commitment to indigenous manufacturing and technological innovation is evident in the vessel's advanced communication systems and enhanced endurance for extended missions. The vessel is expected to join the Navy's fleet in the coming months, further strengthening India's naval defense infrastructure.

After successfully reintroducing cheetahs at Kuno National Park, the Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh is set to welcome the endangered species. This initiative is part of India’s larger conservation efforts to expand the habitat of cheetahs, which were declared extinct in the 1950s. Located in the Mandsaur district, Gandhi Sagar offers a favorable environment for cheetahs, and authorities are preparing the sanctuary to ensure their long-term survival. This move is expected to boost India’s standing in global wildlife conservation and enhance biodiversity in the region.

The National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM-K) has launched the Solar Assisted Reefer Transportation with Hybrid Controls and Intelligence (SARTHI) to tackle post-harvest losses in perishable food transportation. Developed under the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, SARTHI integrates IoT, sensors, and solar power to enhance the transportation of fruits and vegetables. Dr. Harinder Singh Oberoi, Director of NIFTEM-K, highlighted the system’s capability for remote quality monitoring and real-time decision-making to minimize spoilage. The innovative design features dual compartments optimized for different temperature requirements, ensuring longer shelf life and reduced wastage. SARTHI's use of IoT technology allows for continuous monitoring of critical parameters and the ability to reroute produce to nearby markets if spoilage is detected. With its sustainable solar-powered air handling unit, SARTHI promises to be a game-changer in India's food supply chain, benefiting farmers, retailers, and consumers.

A man in Kerala has been diagnosed with murine typhus, a rare bacterial infection caused by Rickettsia typhi, primarily transmitted through flea bites from infected rodents. Symptoms typically appear one to two weeks post-infection and include fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, and in some cases, rash and gastrointestinal distress. Diagnosis can be challenging but is confirmed through laboratory tests, with doxycycline being the preferred antibiotic for treatment. Preventative measures focus on reducing rodent populations and avoiding flea contact, emphasizing the importance of maintaining clean living environments.

Rare diseases, affecting a small portion of the population, often receive little attention in mainstream healthcare, leading to significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. These conditions typically face hurdles such as limited awareness, inadequate research funding, and high treatment costs, which can impose severe financial burdens on families seeking life-saving therapies. The development of orphan drugs is often slow and expensive due to the small patient pool, resulting in a lack of specialized treatment options. To improve outcomes for those affected by rare diseases, experts recommend increased government funding for research, financial incentives for pharmaceutical companies, the establishment of national centers of excellence for rare disease treatment, and robust policies providing financial assistance to affected families. By implementing these measures, the government can enhance the quality of life for rare disease patients and ensure better access to timely diagnosis and affordable care.

Wayanad, a district in Kerala, has installed an advanced X-band radar system to improve weather monitoring and disaster management. This state-of-the-art radar provides real-time, high-resolution data on local weather patterns, helping detect rainfall and thunderstorms within a 100-150 km range. Designed to aid in agricultural planning and early warning systems, the radar will offer farmers accurate weather forecasts and enhance the region’s preparedness for weather-related emergencies. Part of a broader government initiative, this radar strengthens Kerala's capacity to tackle climate challenges.

The ongoing Russia-Ukraine war has seen the introduction of a formidable new weapon: dragon drones, which release a devastating incendiary known as thermite. This mixture of aluminum and iron oxide burns at a staggering temperature of 2,427 degrees Celsius, allowing it to penetrate various materials, including military vehicles and even burn underwater. Initially deployed by Ukrainian forces in September to ignite vegetation for tactical advantage, both sides have since adopted these drones, raising concerns about their indiscriminate nature and potential for severe injuries. While thermite has a historical precedent in warfare, its current usage is governed by international laws that restrict its application against civilian targets.

Researchers from Hokkaido University have developed a novel method to activate alkanes using confined chiral Brønsted acids, significantly improving the efficiency and selectivity of chemical reactions. By focusing on cyclopropanes, a reactive type of alkane, the team utilized imidodiphosphorimidate (IDPi) acids to facilitate selective fragmentation, enabling precise atom arrangements in the final products. This method, essential for producing pharmaceuticals and advanced materials, offers better control over the reaction mechanism and minimizes unwanted byproducts. The innovation opens new possibilities for creating valuable chemicals from common hydrocarbons, with wide applications in industry.

The emergence of AI-generated synthetic medical images marks a significant advancement in medical imaging technology, offering promising benefits such as data augmentation, improved diagnostics, and enhanced training for medical professionals. These synthetic images can create diverse datasets for training machine learning models and provide a cost-effective solution for research and development. However, the technology is not without its challenges, including concerns over image quality and authenticity, the risk of overfitting in diagnostic models, ethical implications regarding informed consent, and regulatory hurdles. As the medical field continues to embrace this innovation, it is crucial to balance the opportunities with the potential risks to ensure safe and effective application in clinical practice.

The Indian Army has launched its first overhauled T-90 Bhishma tank, a key development in its ongoing Decade of Transformation aimed at boosting self-reliance and operational efficiency. The T-90 Bhishma, which has been the Army's primary battle tank since 2003, is renowned for its firepower, speed, and protection. The recent overhaul, conducted at the 505 Army Base Workshop in Delhi Cantonment, involved disassembling the tank and replacing damaged parts, showcasing indigenous technical skills. With a weight of approximately 47 tonnes, a length of 9.6 meters, and a speed of up to 60 km/h, the upgraded tank is equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore gun and can fire up to 800 shells per minute. This enhancement significantly strengthens the tank's combat capabilities and the Army's overall readiness.

The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) and India’s National Regulatory Authority (NRA) have successfully met the World Health Organization's (WHO) global standards for a functional vaccine regulatory system. This achievement followed an in-depth review conducted by a team of international experts led by WHO. India has retained Maturity Level 3 in WHO's Global Benchmarking Tool (GBT) Version VI, reflecting high marks in regulatory functions related to vaccine safety, efficacy, and quality. India, a major vaccine producer with 36 manufacturing facilities, continues to supply vaccines to over 150 countries, reaffirming its pivotal role in global health.

In a groundbreaking collaboration, ISRO’s AstroSat and NASA’s space observatories have successfully captured explosive eruptions from a distant stellar remnant, offering new insights into the violent aftermath of a star's death. The data, collected over several months, revealed powerful bursts of energy from the remnants of a collapsed star, highlighting the natural life cycle of massive stars that undergo supernova explosions. This collaboration enables astronomers to observe the extreme environments surrounding neutron stars and black holes, enhancing our understanding of matter and radiation under intense gravitational forces. The discovery underscores the importance of international cooperation in space research, paving the way for new theories about black hole and neutron star formation, while expanding the frontiers of astrophysics.

The South Korean Air Force successfully conducted live fire drills over the Yellow Sea, utilizing the German-origin Taurus missile, as tensions on the Korean Peninsula continue to rise. The F-15K fighter jet launched the long-range missile, which traveled over 400 kilometers to hit its target. These drills are part of South Korea's broader defense strategy to counter threats from North Korea, which recently announced plans to cut off all transport links with the South. The last Taurus missile test occurred in 2017, in response to North Korea's nuclear activities. Meanwhile, Ukraine continues to press Germany for the transfer of Taurus missiles to strengthen its defense against Russia, though German Chancellor Olaf Scholz has so far declined. The Taurus missile is designed for precision strikes on fortified targets and remains an important asset in modern defense strategies.

World Arthritis Day, observed on October 12th, aims to raise awareness about arthritis, a condition affecting millions globally. Arthritis leads to joint pain, stiffness, and swelling due to inflammation or degradation of cartilage. Although there is no cure, regular exercise is vital in managing symptoms by strengthening surrounding muscles, improving flexibility, and enhancing mobility. Recommended low-impact exercises include walking, swimming, cycling, Tai Chi, yoga, Pilates, water aerobics, and regular stretching. These activities can significantly alleviate joint pain and improve overall joint health, making it essential for individuals to consult healthcare professionals before starting any new exercise regimen.

India's National Space Commission has approved the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (Lupex), a collaborative initiative between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). This groundbreaking mission aims to investigate the lunar south pole for water and other valuable resources, with an extended operational duration of up to 100 days—five times longer than Chandrayaan-3. The Lupex mission will involve advanced scientific instruments and is expected to play a crucial role in future lunar sampling missions and human landings by 2040. Despite delays due to COVID-19, progress continues as preparations move forward for cabinet clearance and subsequent phases of development.