In a highly controversial move, Russia vetoed a UN Security Council resolution proposed by the UK and Sierra Leone, calling for an immediate ceasefire and peace talks in Sudan. The resolution, which aimed to halt the 19-month civil war between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), was supported by 14 of the 15 Security Council members but failed to pass due to Russia’s veto. The UK and the US condemned Russia’s actions, accusing it of obstructing efforts to address the humanitarian crisis and furthering its political interests in Sudan. Russia defended its veto, claiming the resolution violated Sudan’s sovereignty and accused the UK of meddling in Sudanese affairs. Sudan’s ambassador expressed dissatisfaction with the resolution’s lack of key clauses, including condemnation of UAE support for the RSF and the classification of the RSF as a terrorist group. The conflict has led to tens of thousands of deaths and created a severe humanitarian crisis, with millions of people displaced and at risk of famine.

On November 14, 2024, New Zealand’s parliament was briefly suspended following a powerful protest by Māori Party MP Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke and other opposition legislators. The protest involved a ceremonial haka, a traditional Māori war dance, in response to the Treaty Principles Bill, which seeks to redefine the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, signed in 1840. The Bill, introduced by Act Party leader David Seymour, aims to legally define the treaty’s principles but has been met with criticism from Māori groups and some government members who fear it could undermine Māori rights. Despite the protest, the Bill passed its first reading, though its future remains uncertain due to significant opposition. The haka, performed as a symbol of cultural pride and resistance, highlights ongoing tensions surrounding the treatment of Māori people and the interpretation of the foundational Treaty.

Willingdon Island, a key infrastructure hub in the region, has faced significant delays in its planned restart, which was initially set for earlier this year. Unforeseen challenges have pushed back the timeline, raising concerns among local businesses, port authorities, and stakeholders who depend on the island for their economic activities. The island has historically been crucial for transportation, trade, and logistics, serving as a central hub for several industries. Despite these setbacks, experts remain optimistic about the long-term potential of the island. Efforts by local government and port authorities are underway to resolve the challenges and ensure a smooth restart, with stakeholders closely monitoring progress to restore the island’s role as a vital economic asset.

Researchers from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) have uncovered meter-high chimney-shaped vents on the Dead Sea floor, formed by the crystallization of minerals from highly saline groundwater. Published in Science of the Total Environment, this discovery provides a crucial early warning system for sinkholes in the region. The Dead Sea's rapidly declining water levels, combined with the dissolution of salt layers beneath the surface, are contributing to the formation of these subsidence craters. The chimneys, or “white smokers,” discharge brine and resemble black smokers found in deep-sea environments, but they differ in their mineral composition. These vents are seen as an effective tool to predict areas at risk of imminent collapse, offering a potential method to map and monitor sinkhole-prone regions.

A team of researchers from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) has uncovered a unique, glowing sea slug, named Bathydevius caudactylus, found in the deep ocean’s midnight zone. First spotted in February 2000, this species is unlike any other known sea slug due to its bioluminescent glow and distinct appearance, featuring a massive hood and fingerlike projections on its tail. Unlike most sea slugs, which live on the seafloor, Bathydevius is believed to be the first sea slug to thrive in the deep waters, 1,000 to 4,000 meters below the ocean surface. After over 150 sightings, the discovery is providing valuable insights into life in one of the most extreme and unexplored environments on Earth. The findings were published in the journal Deep Sea Research Part I.

In a significant step to enhance defense cooperation, India and Japan have signed an agreement for the supply of UNICORN (Universal Communication and Radar Mast) systems to Indian naval warships. These advanced masts will improve communication, radar, and surveillance capabilities, boosting the operational efficiency of India's naval fleet. The partnership highlights Japan's critical role in India's defense modernization plans, contributing to stronger strategic ties between the two countries. This deal emphasizes both nations' commitment to enhancing maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region and is a key milestone in India-Japan defense relations.

Lake Kariba, the world’s largest human-made reservoir, is facing unprecedented low water levels due to a severe drought exacerbated by El Niño. This has led to significant power cuts in Zambia and Zimbabwe, with both countries experiencing outages of up to 21 hours a day. The Kariba Dam, which powers much of the region, is at risk of shutting down for the first time in 65 years. The drought has also caused widespread crop failures, economic strain, and disrupted the fishing industry. While governments are working to diversify energy sources by developing coal and solar plants, there is cautious hope that the upcoming rainy season may offer some relief. However, with the water levels continuing to fall, the future of the Kariba Dam remains uncertain.

At the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Lima, US President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping cautioned about turbulent times ahead, anticipating challenges from Donald Trump’s return to the White House. Xi highlighted the dangers of unilateralism and protectionism, warning of potential global economic fragmentation. Biden underscored the importance of enduring partnerships, particularly with Japan and South Korea, amid escalating geopolitical tensions.The summit, aimed at promoting trade liberalization, saw discussions on regional stability, North Korea’s alliance with Russia, and future trade uncertainties under Trump’s “America First” agenda. Economists fear that Trump’s proposed tariffs on Chinese goods could destabilize both the US and global economies. This period of transition raises concerns over global trade policies and geopolitical stability.

India has officially become a member of the Asia-Pacific Regional Internet Registry (ARIN-AP) Steering Committee, a significant move that enhances its influence in internet governance within the region. This membership allows India to participate directly in the management of vital internet resources, including IP addresses and autonomous system numbers. Additionally, India will assume the presidency of the committee, which entails leading discussions on governance issues and coordinating efforts among member countries. The leadership will culminate in India hosting the annual general meeting in 2026. This development underscores India's commitment to fostering regional cooperation in digital governance and shaping policies that address the dynamic challenges of the digital landscape.

Saudi Arabia is introducing a series of digitally driven initiatives aimed at improving working conditions and safeguarding the rights of foreign workers, particularly those from India, as part of its Vision 2030 goals. The centerpiece of these reforms is the Musaned platform, which provides expatriate workers access to their employment contracts and real-time updates through a dedicated app. It aims to enhance transparency by allowing foreign embassies to monitor information regarding their nationals employed in the Kingdom. Key features of the platform include employer background checks, immigration monitoring, and compliance with wage protection systems. With approximately 1.4 million Indian workers in Saudi Arabia, the Musaned platform is set to facilitate the resolution of labor disputes and improve overall labor conditions.

The Hand-in-Hand Investment Forum 2024, launched today in Rome during the World Food Forum, has drawn significant global attention, with participation from 72 countries. This initiative, spearheaded by FAO’s Director-General QU Dongyu, seeks to drive transformative agrifood investments, prioritizing Small Island Developing States, least-developed countries, and food crisis regions. The event will showcase 115 agrifood investment opportunities, facilitating over 400 matchmaking meetings between investors and stakeholders. With $3 billion already mobilized, the forum aims to further scale up agrifood investments to tackle hunger, poverty, and climate challenges.

Israeli forces attacked the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) headquarters in southern Lebanon, injuring several Sri Lankan peacekeepers. The strike followed an earlier attack that wounded two Indonesian peacekeepers. UNIFIL accused the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) of deliberately targeting its positions over several days, sparking international condemnation. China, Italy, and Indonesia denounced the assaults as violations of international law, while UN officials warned of escalating risks for peacekeepers. The attacks occurred amid Israel’s ongoing military operations in Lebanon and Gaza, leading to significant casualties and displacement. Despite international calls for restraint, Israel intensified its actions with a ground incursion into southern Lebanon.

Taiwan’s navy commander, Admiral Tang Hua, has warned that China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is employing an ‘anaconda strategy’ to slowly but surely increase military pressure on Taiwan. In an interview with The Economist, Tang revealed that China is intensifying its military presence around the island, ready to blockade Taiwan whenever it chooses. The term 'anaconda strategy' draws from the Civil War-era Anaconda Plan, aimed at suffocating the enemy. Similarly, China uses a combination of military maneuvers, psychological tactics, and cyber warfare to exhaust Taiwan's defenses. With increasing naval and air incursions, China’s goal is to force Taiwan into submission without direct confrontation, while Taiwan remains focused on avoiding provocation.

Two foreign women mountaineers, Michelle Theresa Dvorak from the United States and Fay Jane Manners from the United Kingdom, were successfully rescued by the Indian Air Force (IAF) after being stranded at an altitude of over 6,000 metres on the Chaukhamba-3 peak in the Garhwal Himalayas. Their expedition, organized by the India Mountaineering Foundation, encountered difficulties when their equipment and bags slipped into a gorge. Despite challenging terrain, IAF helicopters located and airlifted the women to safety after three days. The rescue mission involved both aerial searches and a ground operation by the State Disaster Response Force (SDRF). Several past mountaineering tragedies in the region have highlighted the dangers faced by trekkers due to extreme weather conditions.

A 35-year-old woman, Vimla Martoliya, tragically drowned in the Saryu river in Kapkot after employees of Uttar Bharat Hydro Power Pvt Ltd allegedly opened a dam without prior notice, causing a sudden surge in water levels. Despite an alarm being sounded moments before the release, Martoliya was caught in the flow and swept away. Her body was later found 1 kilometer downstream. Villagers, outraged by the incident, have demanded that a murder case be filed against the company, accusing it of disregarding public safety. Local authorities are investigating, and an autopsy is underway.

The Indian Navy’s stealth frigate, INS Talwar, reached Simon’s Town, South Africa, on 06 October 2024 for the eighth edition of IBSAMAR, a joint naval exercise involving India, Brazil, and South Africa. Running from 06 to 18 October 2024, IBSAMAR VIII focuses on enhancing interoperability and strengthening naval cohesion with exercises centered on Surface and Anti-Air Warfare. The event includes a harbour phase with drills, seminars, and joint operations, followed by a sea phase aimed at improving naval combat readiness. INS Talwar's participation highlights growing India-South Africa defence cooperation and India's commitment to a peaceful maritime environment.

A recent study reveals that cacao farming in the TRIDOM landscape of the Congo Basin, spanning Cameroon, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo, is causing deforestation at rates seven times higher than other livelihoods. The rising global demand for chocolate, primarily from Europe and North America, is driving this trend. The study emphasizes the environmental consequences of clearing land for low-yield cacao farming, despite efforts by chocolate companies and the European Union to promote sustainable practices. Experts call for diversified farming, improved yields on existing farms, and local cacao processing to reduce deforestation and improve farmers' livelihoods. As the Congo Basin is the world’s largest carbon sink, protecting its forests is crucial in the fight against climate change.

The Maritime Exercise Malabar 2024 is set to take place from October 8 to 18 in Visakhapatnam, India, involving naval forces from Australia, Japan, and the United States. Initially a bilateral drill between the US and Indian Navies in 1992, Malabar has evolved into a significant multilateral exercise aimed at enhancing interoperability and addressing shared maritime challenges in the Indian Ocean and Indo-Pacific regions.This year’s exercise will feature a range of naval platforms, including guided missile destroyers, frigates, submarines, and aircraft, with special forces from all participating nations also taking part. Key focus areas will include anti-submarine warfare, air defence, and surface warfare operations. A Distinguished Visitors’ Day is scheduled for October 9, where Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar will host delegations from the participating nations, alongside a Joint Press Conference. Malabar 2024 is expected to be the most comprehensive edition yet, incorporating complex operational scenarios at sea.

In a tragic incident, five Russian mountaineers lost their lives during an expedition on Mount Dhaulagiri, the world’s seventh highest peak. Initially reported missing on Sunday, their bodies were discovered by a rescue helicopter two days later. Two climbers had successfully reached the summit, while the others turned back before completing the ascent. Pemba Jangbu Sherpa from I AM Trekking and Expeditions highlighted the complexities involved in recovering the bodies, emphasizing the need for careful planning and specialized equipment. The autumn climbing season in Nepal, which began last month, is less popular than spring, attracting fewer climbers due to lower permit fees and reduced crowding. Meanwhile, a record number of climbers are gathered in Tibet, pursuing the goal of summiting all 14 peaks above 8,000 meters.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to attend the 21st ASEAN-India Summit in Vientiane, Laos, on October 10-11, 2024, coinciding with the 10th anniversary of India’s Act East Policy. This visit aims to bolster India’s strategic ties with Southeast Asia amidst rising regional tensions and deepening economic partnerships. The summit will focus on enhancing cooperation in key areas such as trade, connectivity, and security, with an emphasis on defense collaborations and technological advancements. Significant initiatives, including the restoration of cultural heritage sites and humanitarian aid efforts, will also be highlighted. The outcomes of this summit are poised to shape the future of ASEAN-India relations and address pressing challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.

India has firmly dismissed the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) report, which highlighted "increasing abuses" against religious minorities in the country. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) described the report as "biased" and accused the USCIRF of promoting a "motivated narrative." In response to the report's recommendation to designate India as a "Country of Particular Concern," MEA spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal urged the commission to focus on human rights issues within the United States instead. The report alleged severe violations of religious freedom, including violence against minorities and the misuse of laws such as the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). Historically, India has denied visas to USCIRF members, citing interference in its internal affairs, and has criticized the commission for its perceived bias.

Little Prespa Lake, situated at the border of Albania and Greece, is undergoing a critical ecological crisis driven by climate change, pollution, and human activities. Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns have led to declining water levels, severely impacting the lake's aquatic ecosystem and causing fish populations to dwindle. Additionally, agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides is contaminating the water, threatening both local wildlife and community health. Invasive species are further disrupting this delicate environment. As awareness grows, local communities and environmental groups are calling for immediate action, urging authorities to implement stricter regulations and promote sustainable practices to protect this vital natural resource. The future of Little Prespa Lake and its rich biodiversity is at stake, necessitating urgent conservation efforts.

The 8th edition of the India-Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise, KAZIND-2024, began today at the Surya Foreign Training Node in Auli, Uttarakhand. Scheduled from September 30 to October 13, 2024, this annual exercise aims to enhance military capabilities for counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrains. The Indian Armed Forces are represented by a battalion of the KUMAON Regiment and personnel from the Indian Air Force, while the Kazakhstan contingent includes Land Forces and Airborne Assault Troopers. Key objectives include refining tactical operations, improving physical fitness, and sharing best practices. The exercise will facilitate interoperability and strengthen defense cooperation between the two nations, further solidifying their bilateral relations.

Mount Erebus, Antarctica's southernmost active volcano, has captured the attention of scientists with an unusual occurrence—releasing tiny pieces of crystallized gold. These particles, worth over $6,000, have been discovered up to 621 miles away from the volcano’s summit. Standing at 12,448 feet, Mount Erebus is unique among volcanoes as it produces solid gold particles instead of dispersing the gold in gas or liquid form. While it generates approximately 64.4 lbs of gold annually, valued at $2 million, mining the gold remains too dangerous due to unpredictable volcanic explosions. Discovered in 1841, Mount Erebus continues to intrigue researchers with its rare activity and remote location on Ross Island, home to a large colony of Adelie penguins.

Search and rescue operations have resumed for 48 migrants who disappeared in the Atlantic Ocean while trying to reach the Canary Islands from Africa after their boat capsized. Local authorities and humanitarian organizations have mobilized teams equipped with helicopters, boats, and drones to scour the waters for signs of the missing individuals. The incident highlights the ongoing surge in dangerous migrant crossings as many flee dire conditions in their home countries in search of better opportunities in Europe. Despite the risks of overcrowded and unseaworthy vessels, the Canary Islands remain a key destination for North African migrants. As search efforts continue, officials emphasize the need for policies that address the root causes of migration and ensure the safety of vulnerable populations.

Recent surveys in Lake Michigan have confirmed the presence of large, naturally occurring craters at the bottom of the lake, first detected through sonar images two years ago. Initially observed as strange circles during a mapping expedition in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary, these craters are believed to be depressions formed by geological processes. With approximately 40 craters identified, researchers are excited about the potential for further discoveries. The investigation suggests similarities with sinkholes found in Lake Huron, indicating that geological activity may play a significant role in shaping the lakebed. Scientists are committed to ongoing research to understand the impact of these features on Lake Michigan's ecosystem.

In a historic milestone, Jordan has officially eliminated leprosy, becoming the first country to achieve this feat, as confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO). This achievement highlights Jordan's dedication to public health and the eradication of diseases that have troubled humanity for centuries. Leprosy, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, has long been associated with stigma, leading to the ostracism of those affected. Jordan's success is attributed to comprehensive public health campaigns, early detection initiatives, free treatments, and collaboration with international organizations. The WHO's rigorous verification process confirms that Jordan has effectively reduced the prevalence of leprosy below 1 case per 10,000 population, setting a precedent for other nations in the ongoing fight against this ancient disease. While Jordan celebrates this achievement, health officials emphasize the importance of continued vigilance to monitor and support those affected by leprosy, ensuring a future free from the disease.

India's External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, underscored the growing significance of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in promoting multipolarity on the global stage. He highlighted the bloc's critical role in fostering diversity and collaboration in international relations, moving away from unipolar or bipolar power structures. Jaishankar emphasized that BRICS works to create a more inclusive global order by advancing the interests of developing nations through economic cooperation, political alignment, and security initiatives. As the world transitions towards a multipolar system, BRICS is poised to play a crucial role in shaping global governance frameworks.

The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydroelectric dam located in Hubei province, China, is significantly impacting the Earth's rotation. This infrastructure project harnesses the flow of the Yangtze River and the three gorges—Qutangxia, Wuxia, and Xilingxia—to generate electricity. NASA researchers discovered in 2005 that changes in mass distribution, such as those caused by the dam, can affect the planet's moment of inertia. Notably, the dam holds around 40 cubic kilometers of water, which may increase the length of a day by 0.06 microseconds and shift the Earth's pole position by approximately 2 centimeters. While these changes are minor compared to the effects of major earthquakes, they highlight the broader implications of human activities, including climate change, on Earth's rotational dynamics.

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) successfully defeated Hamas terrorists in Rafah over a three-month operation, focusing on the Philadelphi corridor, a crucial border area with Egypt. This corridor has been vital for Hamas to smuggle weapons and resources, enabling its military operations. Despite international pressure, including warnings from the Biden administration against Israeli actions in Rafah, Israel maintains that control of this corridor is essential to prevent Hamas from re-arming and to ensure regional stability. Historically, Hamas seized control of Gaza in 2007, leading to an increase in rocket attacks on Israel. In 2024, Israel launched operations in Rafah, uncovering over 200 tunnels used by Hamas for smuggling and military training. Maintaining control over the Philadelphi corridor is deemed necessary for Israel to counteract Hamas’s threat and secure its borders.

Australian researchers have identified a monumental impact crater, named the Massive Australian Precambrian-Cambrian Impact Structure (MAPCIS), spanning 600 kilometers across central Australia. Spearheaded by Daniel Connelly and Dr. Arif Sikder from Virginia Commonwealth University, the research indicates that this impact event occurred between 538.8 million and 1 billion years ago, at the end of the Ediacaran period. The discovery includes significant evidence such as deposits of pseudotachylite breccia, shocked minerals like lonsdaleite, and elevated iridium concentrations, all suggesting a cataclysmic event. The implications of this finding could significantly enhance our understanding of Earth's geological and biological evolution. Connelly is set to present their research at upcoming geological conferences, further illuminating this groundbreaking discovery.

In a significant development, UN Member States adopted the Pact along with its annexes, the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration on Future Generations, by consensus. Despite a last-minute proposal from some countries to amend the text to emphasize national sovereignty, the proposal was rejected by the 193-member Assembly. The Pact identifies five key focus areas: sustainable development, international peace and security, science and technology, youth and future generations, and transforming global governance. By endorsing the Pact, member states committed to enhancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), engaging youth in decision-making, building partnerships with civil society, and addressing the root causes of conflicts. The Global Digital Compact sets the framework for the international regulation of artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to ensure technology benefits everyone and addresses risks such as digital divides and cybersecurity. Meanwhile, the Declaration emphasizes the importance of considering the interests of future generations in decision-making processes. UN leaders, including Secretary-General António Guterres, underscored the necessity for global cooperation to address pressing challenges, including the climate crisis and inequality.

In a significant display of military cooperation, Russia and China have commenced extensive naval exercises, codenamed "Ocean-24," in the Sea of Japan from September 10 to September 16, 2024. These exercises, hailed by Russian President Vladimir Putin as the largest in three decades, involve over 400 warships, submarines, and support vessels, along with approximately 90,000 troops and more than 120 aircraft. Spanning multiple bodies of water—including the Pacific and Arctic Oceans—the drills aim to repel large-scale aggression, combat unmanned vehicles, and conduct amphibious operations. The joint maneuvers reflect a deepening alliance between Moscow and Beijing amidst rising global tensions and present a strategic challenge to U.S. interests in the Asia-Pacific region. As the international community closely monitors the situation, the exercises highlight a broader shift in military dynamics and power balance in the region.

On Friday, firefighters raced to contain a significant diesel fuel spill resulting from the sinking of the passenger ship "Adolf Jensen" off Greenland's coast. The ship, which ran aground after hitting a reef, leaked approximately 20,000 litres of diesel fuel into the Nanortalik fjords, threatening the delicate Arctic environment. Although all passengers successfully evacuated, responders faced challenges due to wind, tides, and sea currents. The Danish Navy's Arctic command has been requested for assistance in recovering and treating the leaked fuel. Local authorities have cautioned vessels in the area to navigate slowly to minimize further disturbance.

On Sunday, Yemen's Houthi rebels fired a ballistic missile that struck near Tel Aviv, Israel's commercial center. Houthi leader Abdul Malik al-Houthi claimed responsibility, stating that the missile successfully penetrated Israel's air defense systems. Although there were no casualties, the attack heightened existing regional tensions, especially as the Gaza conflict approaches its first anniversary since the Hamas attack on October 7. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed that the Houthis would "pay a heavy price" for the strike. The missile caused minor damage but underscored the Houthis' growing military capabilities, supported by historical weapons caches and Iranian assistance. The incident raises questions about how a militia in war-torn Yemen can execute such long-range strikes, as the Houthis are increasingly involved in a broader network of Iranian-backed militias.

The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (Incois) has launched a new Integrated Ocean Energy Atlas, highlighting the extensive renewable energy potential within India's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The atlas features marine meteorological sources like solar and wind, and hydrological energy forms including waves, tides, currents, ocean thermal gradients, and salinity gradients. It provides detailed energy estimates at a five-kilometer grid resolution and projects a total integrated ocean energy of around 9.2 lakh terawatt-hours (TWh) annually. Incois Director Dr. T. Srinivasa Kumar emphasized the atlas's importance for shaping energy policies and investments, underscoring the untapped potential of offshore renewable energy to drive India's energy transition and enhance its blue economy.

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar announced that approximately 75% of the disengagement issues along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) between India and China have been resolved. Speaking at Switzerland’s Global Centre for Security Policy, Jaishankar highlighted ongoing concerns about the increasing militarization of the border. The tensions, which began with the deadly clash in Galwan Valley in June 2020, have led to multiple rounds of military and diplomatic discussions. Jaishankar emphasized the need for continued negotiations to achieve full disengagement and restore peace. Meanwhile, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval met with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi at a BRICS meeting to review efforts and stabilize relations. The Ministry of External Affairs stressed the importance of respecting bilateral agreements and maintaining peace for regional and global stability.

The third edition of the INDUS-X Summit took place on September 9-10, 2024, in the United States, marking a significant advancement in the defence innovation collaboration between India and the USA. The event, organized by the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) and Stanford University, featured the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) and the Defence Innovation Unit (DIU) to enhance defence innovation cooperation. Key highlights included the announcement of a new challenge under INDUS-X, the release of the INDUS-X Impact Report, and the launch of the official INDUS-X webpage. The Summit provided a platform for showcasing cutting-edge technologies by startups and SMEs, and facilitated crucial discussions through advisory forums on future technology trends, startup capacity building, and strengthening defence supply chains. Joint Secretary (Defence Industries Promotion) Sh. Amit Satija highlighted the Summit's role in reaffirming the commitment of both countries to advancing defence technology through strategic collaboration.

The Indian Army contingent has embarked on its journey to participate in the 5th edition of the India-Oman Joint Military Exercise, AL NAJAH V, set to be held from September 13 to September 26, 2024, at the Rabkoot Training Area in Salalah, Oman. This biennial exercise, alternating between the two nations, aims to bolster joint military capabilities for counter-terrorism operations under UN Chapter VII. The Indian contingent includes 60 personnel from a Mechanised Infantry Battalion and other units, while the Royal Army of Oman will also contribute 60 personnel from the Frontier Force. The exercise will focus on desert environment operations and include tactical drills such as joint planning, cordon and search operations, and counter drone tactics. AL NAJAH V seeks to enhance interoperability, foster goodwill, and strengthen defense cooperation between India and Oman.

A Russian missile strike on the city of Poltava, Ukraine, resulted in at least 51 deaths and 271 injuries. Key targets included a military academy and a nearby hospital. The attack, which occurred shortly after 09:00 local time, left significant damage, including shattered windows in surrounding buildings. Eyewitnesses described the scene as chaotic and traumatic, with limited time to reach bomb shelters. President Volodymyr Zelensky condemned the attack, calling for enhanced air defenses. International leaders, including UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy and US President Joe Biden, condemned the aggression and expressed support for Ukraine. The Ukrainian government faces criticism and a major overhaul following the attack.

India has recently embarked on a series of significant joint military exercises involving its Army, Navy, and Air Force. These exercises aim to bolster the nation's defense capabilities and strengthen international defense ties. The Indian Army focused on improving coordination with allied forces through complex maneuvers and advanced technology. The Navy conducted maritime drills to enhance naval security in international waters, while the Air Force showcased its advanced aerial combat techniques and strategic airlift capabilities. These activities not only reinforce India’s defense posture but also aim to foster stronger defense partnerships globally, highlighting India’s commitment to regional stability and its role in multinational security operations.

On September 3, 2024, the Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology (CMLRE) conducted its inaugural national-level workshop on the Indian Ocean Biodiversity Information System (IndOBIS) at its Kochi campus. The event, attended by scientists and researchers from across India, aimed to enhance awareness and skills in marine biodiversity data documentation and publishing. Dr. M Ravichandran, Secretary of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, highlighted the workshop’s alignment with India’s Deep Ocean Mission and Sustainable Development Goal 14. Dr. GVM Gupta, Director of CMLRE, underscored IndOBIS's role in advancing marine biodiversity knowledge and fostering global collaboration. The workshop also introduced the Ocean Eyes mobile app, designed to engage citizens in marine biodiversity monitoring. IndOBIS, the Indian regional node of the global OBIS, supports innovative research and contributes to global marine science efforts.

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has arrived in Bandar Seri Begawan for an official visit, making history as the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Brunei. The visit coincides with the 40th anniversary of diplomatic ties between India and Brunei. Upon arrival, Prime Minister Modi was ceremoniously welcomed by His Royal Highness Prince Haji Al-Muhtadee Billah, the Crown Prince and Senior Minister in the Prime Minister’s Office of Brunei. The visit underscores the strategic partnership between India and Brunei, which is integral to India's 'Act East' Policy and Indo-Pacific Vision. The relationship is deeply rooted in a shared history, culture, and tradition that spans a millennium.

Namibia is undertaking a large-scale culling of wild animals, including elephants, hippopotamuses, and zebras, to address the impact of a severe drought affecting nearly half of its 1.4 million population. The drought, exacerbated by El Niño, has led to extreme food and water shortages. With over 150 animals already culled, the operation aims to provide much-needed meat and manage wildlife populations to prevent conflicts with humans. The culling is also intended to alleviate grazing pressure and water scarcity in affected areas. The government asserts that this measure is in line with its constitutional mandate to use natural resources for the benefit of its citizens.

Member states of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) took a significant step in enhancing regional security by signing a charter and a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the establishment of the CSC Secretariat. The signing ceremony, held in Colombo, saw the participation of India's NSA Ajit Doval along with senior officials from Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Mauritius. Although Bangladesh, a member state, did not attend, it supported the initiative. The CSC aims to address transnational threats through cooperation in five key areas: maritime safety and security, countering terrorism and radicalisation, combating trafficking and transnational organised crime, cyber security, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi commenced his visit to Brunei and Singapore, marking a significant step in India’s ‘Act East’ policy and Indo-Pacific strategy. The visit, spanning September 3-4, will make Modi the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Brunei, aiming to establish long-term gas supply arrangements. In Singapore, starting September 4, Modi will engage in discussions to bolster collaboration in areas such as semiconductor development and advanced manufacturing. Singapore remains India’s largest trade partner in ASEAN and a major source of Foreign Direct Investment. Modi’s itinerary also includes meetings with key leaders and members of the business community in both countries. The visit underscores the growing strategic and economic partnership between India, Brunei, and Singapore, with a focus on enhancing cooperation in various sectors.

Kishore Mahbubani, a former Singaporean diplomat and ex-president of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), has called for India to be granted a permanent seat in the UNSC, citing its status as the third most-powerful country in the world. He suggested that the United Kingdom should step aside to make way for India, arguing that the UK no longer holds the global influence it once did. Mahbubani also highlighted India's economic rise, having surpassed the UK as the fifth-largest economy in 2022. His comments come amidst ongoing discussions about potential reforms in the UN, with the G4 nations, including India, mutually supporting each other’s bids for permanent UNSC membership.

The World Gold Council (WGC) has increased its forecast for India’s gold consumption in 2024 to 850 tonnes, up from 750 tonnes, driven by a good monsoon season and a significant reduction in gold import duties. Jewelry demand is expected to be the main driver, with the July-September quarter already showing a 10% year-on-year increase in gold demand. The trend is likely to continue into the festive season, with demand peaking during Diwali-Dhanteras. Additionally, the growth of gold exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in India highlights gold’s emerging role as a financial instrument. However, potential price volatility is anticipated around the U.S. Presidential election in November.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's upcoming visit to Poland from August 21-23 is generating significant excitement among the Indian community in Warsaw. This visit marks the first time an Indian Prime Minister has visited Poland in 45 years and coincides with the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and Poland. Members of the Indian diaspora have expressed their enthusiasm, highlighting the visit as a key moment for strengthening bilateral ties. MEA Secretary Tanmaya Lal described the visit as a "landmark" event, with PM Modi set to meet Polish leaders and engage with the Indian community. The visit also underscores the deep historical connections between the two nations, including Poland's past support during crises.

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has upheld the disqualification of Indian wrestler Vinesh Phogat, ruling that she was ineligible to compete in the finals due to being overweight at the second weigh-in. Sole arbitrator Annabelle Bennett acknowledged the persuasive nature of the Indian side's arguments but confirmed that the rules left no room for discretion. Bennett described the disqualification as harsh but noted that the regulations were clear and applied uniformly to all competitors. The verdict highlights that under UWW rules, eligibility must be maintained throughout the competition, and failing to meet weight limits results in elimination and a last-place ranking. Despite the extenuating factors presented by Vinesh's team, the CAS ruling emphasizes the strict adherence to rules governing weight limits.

The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) has successfully facilitated the export of India’s first ready-to-drink fig juice, made from GI-tagged Purandar figs, to Poland. This follows an earlier export to Germany in 2022. Purandar figs are celebrated for their high pulp content, rich vitamin and mineral profile, and unique taste, attributed to the region’s specific climatic and soil conditions. The product was first showcased at SIAL 2023 in Greater Noida and later at Macfrut 2024 in Rimini, Italy, where it received a positive response and an inquiry leading to the Polish export. Produced by Purandar Highlands Farmers Producer Company Ltd., the fig juice won an award at Macfrut 2024, highlighting its international potential. The milestone shipment, marked by a flag-off ceremony led by APEDA Chairman Abhishek Dev, departed from Hamburg port on August 1, 2024, underscoring APEDA's role in advancing India’s agro-products globally.

A 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck off the eastern coast of Russia, shaking the Kamchatka Peninsula and triggering the eruption of the Shiveluch volcano, one of the region’s most active. The eruption spewed ash and smoke several kilometers into the sky, prompting warnings for residents and airlines regarding the dangers of ashfall. Emergency teams have been deployed, though no significant damage or casualties have been reported. Seismologists are closely monitoring the situation for potential aftershocks or further volcanic activity. Residents have been advised to stay informed and take necessary precautions to safeguard against the hazards of ashfall and air quality issues.

The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and CSIRO Australia have announced the launch of the Climate Smart Agritech cohort within the India Australia Rapid Innovation and Start-up Expansion (RISE) Accelerator. Starting in October 2024, this nine-month program aims to support start-ups and MSMEs from both India and Australia that focus on enhancing agricultural productivity and resilience against climate challenges. Participants will benefit from a mix of online learning, in-person sessions, and field trials, including immersion weeks in both countries. The program seeks innovative solutions to improve farming practices and may offer up to INR 45 lakhs in non-equity grants. Applications are open until 15 September 2024.

The Indian Navy’s INS Shivalik, a cutting-edge stealth frigate, has arrived in Guam, signaling a significant development in the naval collaboration between India and the United States. This visit underscores the strengthening strategic and defense ties between the two nations and is part of a broader initiative to enhance maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region. During its stay, INS Shivalik will participate in maritime exercises and discussions with U.S. naval forces, showcasing India's advanced naval technology and operational readiness. The visit is expected to foster deeper naval cooperation and contribute to regional stability and security in the Pacific.

Joshua Bregman, a 34-year-old British daredevil, has set a new Guinness World Record for the highest altitude ski-BASE jump, leaping 18,753 feet from Mera Peak in Nepal. Bregman’s jump surpasses the previous record by over 4,000 feet. The extreme sport, which combines skiing with BASE jumping, required Bregman and his team to overcome significant challenges, including altitude acclimation and site preparation. Their efforts were aided by a light snowfall that improved conditions. Beyond the thrill of the jump, Bregman’s attempt aimed to raise awareness about human trafficking in Nepal and support child victims with the funds raised.

A puzzling issue in the Colorado River Basin—where snowpack water isn't reaching the river as expected—has been largely explained by recent research from the University of Washington. The study attributes nearly 70% of the water discrepancy to warmer, drier springs, which reduce streamflow by causing plants to absorb more snowmelt and increasing soil evaporation. This new insight suggests that April water forecasts need to incorporate spring rainfall data to improve accuracy. The findings emphasize the growing importance of understanding and predicting spring weather patterns amid ongoing drought conditions.

The Indian student team achieved remarkable success at the 17th International Earth Sciences Olympiad (IESO) held in Beijing from August 8-16, 2024. Comprising students from Gujarat, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, and Rajasthan, the team secured three gold medals, three bronze medals, and two silver medals across three categories: Theory and Practical, Earth System Project, and International Team Field Investigation. The competition, which featured teams from 35 countries, aims to promote awareness of earth sciences. Indian officials, including Dr. Jitendra Singh and Dr. M Ravichandran, praised the students’ achievements and highlighted the IESO’s role in advancing earth science education. The Indian National Earth Science Olympiad (INESO) serves as a precursor to the IESO, with support from the Ministry of Earth Sciences under the REACHOUT scheme.

Astronomers have developed a new technique for predicting the strength of future solar cycles using over a century of data from the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory. The research, conducted by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, identifies a significant correlation between the width of supergranular lanes and the number of sunspots in future solar cycles. This correlation, observed during solar minimum periods, allows for forecasts about 4–5 years in advance. The advancement is expected to improve space weather predictions, benefiting communication systems, power grids, and astronaut safety.

The Panama Canal is grappling with the effects of a historic drought that significantly reduced the number of crossings, especially for liquefied natural gas (LNG) and dry bulk ships. Despite a drop in transit numbers, the canal's revenue increased by 15% due to higher bidding for limited slots. As climate change continues to threaten water supplies, the canal is less attractive for lower-value goods, leading businesses to explore alternative routes. Panama’s new government is working on a long-term solution, including the construction of a new reservoir, but faces political and logistical challenges.

As we commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Geneva Conventions, these foundational rules of war remain both crucial and challenged. Despite their universal adoption, the conventions are often violated amidst the approximately 120 ongoing armed conflicts worldwide. This milestone also coincides with the grim anniversaries of the Yazidi genocide and the decade-long conflict in Ukraine, underscoring the rising geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and the South China Sea. The evolving nature of warfare, including the use of modern technologies, questions the conventions' adequacy in addressing current and future conflicts. While the Geneva Conventions have successfully expanded to cover a range of issues, such as civil wars and chemical weapons, some of their provisions appear outdated, sparking debate on their effectiveness. Moving forward, nations must reinforce collective responsibility, avoid exploiting legal loopholes, and uphold the core humanitarian principles of the conventions to minimize war's devastation and preserve human dignity.

On August 11, Sajeeb Wazed, son of former Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, publicly denounced…

In New Delhi, Union Minister for Jal Shakti, Shri C.R. Paatil, unveiled Version 2.0 of the 'FloodWatch India' mobile application, developed by the Central Water Commission (CWC). The updated app expands its flood monitoring capabilities by including data from 392 additional stations, bringing the total to 592. It now also features information on the storage positions of 150 major reservoirs, improving users' ability to assess potential flood risks. Utilizing advanced technologies such as satellite data analysis and real-time monitoring, the app provides accurate flood forecasts in both English and Hindi. Available for free on Android and iOS devices, the app can be downloaded from the Google Play Store and Apple App Store. The launch event was attended by senior officials including Ms. Debashree Mukherjee, Secretary (Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation), and Shri Kushvinder Vohra, Chairman of the CWC.

Tantalum, a rare and corrosion-resistant metal, is crucial for electronic components like capacitors and resistors. Major tantalum deposits are found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Australia, Brazil, Canada, and Thailand. The metal is extracted through mining and processed for various applications in electronics, aerospace, and medical devices. While tantalum mining significantly contributes to the economies of deposit-rich countries, it also poses environmental challenges such as habitat destruction. The global tantalum industry faces both economic importance and market volatility.

Wildfires in the United States and Canada have become so severe that they are generating rare pyrocumulonimbus clouds. These clouds, capable of producing thunder and sparking additional fires, have seen a marked increase in frequency. Before 2023, an average of 102 of these clouds were recorded globally each year, with 50 occurring in Canada. However, last year alone saw 140 such clouds in Canada. Pyrocumulonimbus clouds form under extreme heat from wildfires or volcanic eruptions, evolving from pyrocumulus clouds as hot air rises and cools. Although they produce lightning, they generate little rain, leading to the potential for new wildfires and stronger, unpredictable winds. The increased occurrence of these clouds is believed to be linked to climate change, which drives more frequent and intense wildfires.

On Thursday, a 7.1-magnitude earthquake struck southern Japan, prompting the country’s meteorological agency to issue its first-ever “megaquake advisory.” This advisory warns of a heightened risk of a larger earthquake and tsunami in the coming week, particularly along the Nankai Trough, a subduction zone known for its potential to produce magnitude 8 or 9 earthquakes. The Nankai Trough has historically generated major earthquakes every 100 to 150 years, with the latest advisory reflecting advancements in forecasting risk rather than predicting specific events. Residents are urged to prepare by reviewing evacuation plans and staying informed about potential future warnings.

The Indian Air Force (IAF) concluded Exercise Udara Shakti 2024 and returned to India on 10 August 2024. Held from 5 to 9 August 2024 at Kuantan, Malaysia, the joint air exercise with the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) featured IAF's Su-30MKI fighter jets. During the exercise, the IAF and RMAF engaged in air combat missions together, enhancing their operational familiarity and interoperability. The exercise also included a technical exchange aimed at improving maintenance practices and operational efficiency for both air forces.

A new study has found that water temperatures around Australia's Great Barrier Reef have surged to their highest levels in 400 years over the past decade, posing a severe threat to the world's largest living ecosystem. The research, published recently, highlights the impact of human-induced climate change on the reef. Utilizing historical data from coral cores and modern records, scientists observed significant warming trends beginning in the early 20th century. The Great Barrier Reef has experienced five major coral bleaching events since 2016, aligning with the warmest years in four centuries. This environmental crisis threatens not only the reef’s biodiversity but also its substantial economic contribution to Australia. The United Nations has recommended listing the reef as a world heritage site in danger, a suggestion resisted by Australia due to potential tourism impacts. The study underscores the need for enhanced climate action and global cooperation to protect this crucial natural asset.

Next week, the Indian Army and Sri Lankan Army will launch the 10th edition of their joint exercise, "Mitra Shakti," in Maduruoya, Sri Lanka. Running from August 12 to August 25, 2024, the exercise will involve 120 soldiers from the Indian Army’s Rajputana Rifles and an equal number from the Sri Lankan Army’s Gajaba Regiment. This year’s focus is on joint operations in semi-urban environments, in alignment with Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. The exercise aims to enhance operational proficiency, address contemporary security challenges, and strengthen defense ties between the two nations. The previous edition was held in Pune, India, and included various advanced military activities.

Researchers have unearthed an intriguing unfinished clay figurine from Lake Bolsena, Italy, dating back to the 10th-9th centuries BC. Found at the underwater archaeological site of Gran Carro di Bolsena, this palm-sized, feminine-looking artifact remains incomplete but provides valuable insights into Iron Age life. The figurine's well-preserved state, including visible fingerprints and fabric imprints, suggests it was once dressed and may have had ritualistic or domestic significance. The discovery, credited to the Underwater Archaeology Service and Italian Cultural Property Restoration teams, adds to the rich historical tapestry of the region, known for its volcanic activity and ancient settlements.

Lake Turkana, Africa’s fourth-largest lake and the world’s largest permanent desert lake, is the focus of a new 10-year project funded by the Dutch Government and implemented by the World Food Programme (WFP) and UNESCO, in collaboration with local Kenyan entities. Despite its significant biodiversity and cultural value, the lake remains one of the least studied in Africa, with its semi-saline waters and fluctuating levels posing challenges for sustainable development.

Earlier this week, a rare incursion by Ukrainian forces into the Russian border region of Kursk led to the evacuation of thousands of residents and the declaration of a state of emergency. The Russian Defense Ministry reported significant Ukrainian losses, including troops and armored vehicles, as Russian forces continued to engage in military operations. The incursion has heightened tensions, with Russian President Vladimir Putin accusing Ukraine of a "large-scale provocation." Ukrainian officials have remained silent on the operation, while analysts suggest the move may be a strategic attempt to divert Russian forces from eastern Ukraine. The situation has drawn international attention, with the U.S. confirming it was not forewarned of the Ukrainian action.

Wildfires in the United States and Canada are now producing pyrocumulonimbus clouds, which can trigger thunderstorms and ignite new fires. These clouds are becoming more frequent, with 140 recorded in Canada last year alone, compared to an average of 102 globally before 2023. Pyrocumulonimbus clouds form under extremely hot conditions, such as intense wildfires or volcanic eruptions. They start as pyrocumulus clouds and can evolve into pyrocumulonimbus clouds capable of reaching 50,000 feet and generating their own weather systems. Despite producing lightning, these clouds rarely bring rain and can accelerate the spread of wildfires. Climate change is suspected to be contributing to the increased frequency of these extreme phenomena.

A tragic helicopter crash in the Shivapuri National Park area of Nuwakot district, Nepal, resulted in the deaths of four Chinese tourists and a Nepali pilot on Wednesday. The helicopter, operated by Air Dynasty, lost contact with air traffic control just three minutes after taking off from Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu and crashed shortly afterward. The victims' bodies were taken to Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital for postmortem examinations. In response to the crash, the Nepali government has formed a three-member committee, led by Nepal Army's Senior Pilot Subash Thapa, to investigate the incident and report their findings within 30 days. This incident raises significant concerns about air safety in Nepal, following another fatal crash involving Saurya Airlines just two weeks prior.

The Indian government has issued a travel advisory urging Indian citizens to exercise caution due to escalating violent clashes in the U.K. The advisory recommends avoiding disturbed areas, staying informed through local news, and following local authorities' guidance. Travelers are also advised to register with the Indian High Commission or consulates for timely updates and assistance. The situation is being closely monitored, and further updates will be provided as necessary. For more information, citizens can visit the Ministry of External Affairs' official website or contact the nearest Indian diplomatic mission.

On July 30, devastating landslides struck Kerala's Wayanad district, resulting in over 219 deaths and leaving 206 people missing as of August 4. The continuous rains have hampered rescue operations. To facilitate relief efforts, the Indian Army's Madras Engineer Group built a 190-foot Bailey bridge at Chooralmala, providing critical access to the heavily affected Mundakkai village. The bridge, with a weight-carrying capacity of 24 tonnes, will remain in use until a permanent structure is built. Bailey bridges, known for their quick assembly and durability, have a storied history dating back to World War II. They have been essential in various military and disaster relief operations in India, including the 1971 war with Pakistan and recent incidents in Arunachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

INS Tabar, a frontline frigate of the Indian Navy, arrived in St. Petersburg, Russia, on July 25, 2024, to participate in the 328th Russian Navy Day Parade celebrations. This visit aimed to strengthen the long-standing maritime cooperation between India and Russia. Following the celebrations, INS Tabar conducted a successful Maritime Partnership Exercise (MPX) with the Russian Navy Ship Soobrazitelny on July 30, 2024. The MPX featured complex naval maneuvers, including communication drills, Search & Rescue tactics, and Replenishment at Sea serials, showcasing high levels of professionalism and interoperability. This event marked a significant milestone in the maritime cooperation between the two nations, reinforcing their commitment to regional peace, stability, and security. The Indian Navy remains dedicated to fostering global naval partnerships, further enhancing cooperation in the maritime domain.

The recent assassination of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh in an air strike in Tehran has raised tensions in the region. While Israel has not claimed responsibility for the killing, both Hamas and Iran have accused Israel and promised "major repercussions". Experts speculate that Iran may escalate attacks against Israel through its allies, including Hezbollah, Hamas, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), and the Houthis, forming the 'axis of resistance'. This coalition of Iranian-backed groups has deep roots in the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and has been a significant force in the region. The dynamics of this alliance and its potential implications for the broader geopolitical landscape are of growing concern.

The Indian Air Force will conduct its largest-ever international air exercise, ‘Tarang Shakti 2024’, from August to September 2024, involving 51 countries. The exercise will be held in two phases: Phase One at Sulur, Tamil Nadu, from August 6 to August 14, and Phase Two at Jodhpur, Rajasthan, from September 1 to September 14. Confirmed participants include France, Germany, Spain, the UK, Australia, Bangladesh, Greece, Singapore, UAE, and the USA, with various advanced and homegrown aircraft on display. The exercise aims to strengthen strategic relations, share best practices, and showcase India's indigenous defence capabilities, aligning with the country’s vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047. The event will also feature a defence industrial expo to highlight Indian defence companies and startups.

The Charles Darwin frog (Minervarya charlesdarwini), native to the Andaman Islands, is displaying unprecedented mating and egg-laying behaviors as a result of climate change. An extensive study conducted over three monsoon seasons by researchers from Harvard University, the University of Delhi, the Zoological Survey of India, and the University of Minnesota has revealed that these frogs are mating and laying eggs while hanging upside down on tree cavity walls. The study, published in Breviora, highlights the frogs’ adaptation to using artificial objects like plastic bags and discarded containers for breeding due to habitat loss. This behavior underscores the urgency of conservation efforts to protect their natural breeding sites and address the impacts of environmental changes on the species.

The International Science, Technology, and Innovation Centre for South-South Cooperation (ISTIC), in collaboration with the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and its units, is hosting a Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) Conclave on "Traditional Knowledge for Sustainable Livelihoods" from July 29-31, 2024, in New Delhi, India. The event, inaugurated by Dr. N. Kalaiselvi, features prominent speakers including Dr. D. Srinivasa Reddy and Dr. Benno Boer. Discussions will cover topics such as biodiversity, traditional cultural expressions, and policies on traditional knowledge. The Conclave aims to enhance understanding and capabilities in preserving and protecting traditional knowledge while fostering international collaboration. Participants from several countries will engage in exchanging best practices and addressing regional development challenges.

The Wagner Group, a private military company known for its involvement in global conflict zones, has acknowledged experiencing severe losses in recent battles in Mali. Engaged in intense combat with insurgent groups, the Wagner Group's substantial casualties underscore the volatile security situation in the region. These losses may impact their operational capabilities and effectiveness in supporting the Malian government. This situation raises broader concerns about the sustainability and ethical implications of using private military companies in conflict zones.

In a significant decision made during the 46th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in New Delhi, five nominated sites of the migratory bird sanctuaries along the Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf coast of China were included on the World Heritage List. This inclusion marks Phase II of the Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of the Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf of China, following Phase I's inscription in 2019. These sanctuaries, part of the world's largest intertidal wetland system within the Yellow Sea Ecoregion, are crucial for the survival of millions of waterbirds migrating along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. These wetlands serve as indispensable stopover sites for the birds, underscoring their unique ecological importance.

The Indian Army contingent has departed for the Multinational Military Exercise KHAAN QUEST, scheduled to take place from 27th July to 9th August 2024 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. This 21st iteration of the exercise, which began as a bilateral event between the USA and Mongolia in 2003 and evolved into a multinational exercise in 2006, aims to enhance global peacekeeping capabilities. The Indian contingent of 40 personnel, including one woman officer and two women soldiers, will focus on improving interoperability and military readiness through joint planning and various tactical drills. Key activities include establishing checkpoints, conducting search operations, and performing casualty evacuations. The exercise will facilitate the sharing of best practices and strengthen international military camaraderie.

On 22 July, Abhinav Bindra, India's first individual Olympic gold medalist, received the prestigious Olympic Order from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the Olympic Movement. The award, established in 1975, is the highest honor bestowed by the IOC and is given for exceptional merit in sports or significant services to the Olympic Movement. Bindra's achievements include his gold medal in the men's 10-meter air rifle event at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, multiple medals at the Commonwealth and Asian Games, and his role in founding the Abhinav Bindra Foundation, which supports athlete development through advanced training and technology. The Sports Minister, Mansukh Mandaviya, publicly celebrated Bindra's achievement, highlighting its impact on inspiring future generations of athletes.

Indian students have achieved their best-ever performance at the 2024 International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), an annual global competition that showcases exceptional mathematical talent. The Indian team, comprising six students, secured an impressive tally of medals, including two golds, three silvers, and one bronze. This remarkable achievement is the result of rigorous training and dedicated mentorship, highlighting India's growing emphasis on excellence in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields and inspiring future generations of mathematicians.

Ivory Coast has recently become the 10th African nation to join the United Nations Water Convention, which aims to enhance cooperative management of transboundary water resources. This accession is a response to increasing water stress and the impacts of climate change, particularly in regions like the Niger basin, which faces severe risks of reduced river flows. Ivory Coast's membership brings the total number of parties to the 1992 convention to 53. Alongside Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are also in the final stages of joining. The convention promotes sustainable management of both surface and groundwater and is crucial for addressing Africa's water challenges and advancing regional cooperation.

Rwanda's President Paul Kagame has achieved a historic win in the recent presidential election, securing over 99% of the vote. This victory surpasses his previous election records of 98.63% in 2017, 93% in 2010, and 95% in 2003. Critics attribute his overwhelming majorities to his authoritarian rule, while supporters point to his popularity and Rwanda's economic growth and stability under his leadership. Kagame, a former rebel commander, has been in power since 1994, ending the genocide that claimed around 800,000 lives. The election saw high voter turnout at 98%, with Kagame's two opponents, Frank Habineza and Philippe Mpayimana, receiving less than 1% of the vote combined. Human Rights Watch highlighted the limited political space for opposition in Rwanda, contrasting with praise from Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni, who commended Kagame's leadership. Despite youth unemployment challenges, Rwanda remains one of Africa's fastest-growing economies, with Kagame pledging to protect the nation from external threats.

During his visit to Mauritius, Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar reiterated India's steadfast support for Mauritius's claim over the Chagos Archipelago, aligning with India's stance on decolonisation. At an event with Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth in Port Louis, Jaishankar assured continued backing for Mauritius’s sovereignty over the disputed islands, which include Diego Garcia, home to a major US military base. The visit also saw the inauguration of 12 community development projects financed by India and the signing of memorandums of understanding for joint satellite development and educational cooperation. The discussions emphasized the deepening of bilateral ties, economic collaboration, and technical assistance between the two nations.

The World Bank Group (WBG) has unveiled the WBG Guarantees platform, hosted by the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), to streamline and enhance development financing. This platform integrates products and expertise from the World Bank, International Finance Corporation (IFC), and MIGA, aiming to increase annual guarantee issuance to $20 billion by 2030. It offers simplified guarantee solutions including credit, trade finance, and political risk insurance, facilitating private sector investment in emerging markets and supporting sustainable economic development.

In a significant cultural milestone, Assam's Ahom 'Moidam', ancient burial mounds dating back centuries, have been recommended for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List. This recommendation highlights their historical significance as symbols of the Ahom dynasty's cultural prowess and societal structure in the region.

A team of scientists has made a groundbreaking discovery in the Leang Karampuang cave on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. They have unearthed the world's oldest confidently dated cave painting, created at least 51,200 years ago. This remarkable artwork showcases three human-like figures engaging with a wild pig, signifying the earliest example of storytelling through art. The painting's dimensions, measuring 36 inches by 15 inches, and its unique narrative provide invaluable insights into the early narrative traditions and the history of art.

The Australia-India Strategic Research Fund (AISRF) has announced the results of its 15th round, revealing the successful projects awarded funding. The bilateral program aims to strengthen the scientific relationship between Australia and India by supporting collaborative research projects across various disciplines. The selected projects reflect cutting-edge research, and the funding focuses on addressing common challenges through joint efforts. Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State for Science and Technology, emphasized the importance of international collaboration, while Ed Husic, Minister for Industry and Science, Australia, highlighted the fund's role in delivering scientific breakthroughs. The focus areas for this year's funding include AI-driven soil carbon monitoring and eco-friendly recovery of essential metals from obsolete mobile devices, among others. Indian recipients of the funding include renowned institutions such as IIT Delhi, IIT Bombay, and the Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana.

The 16th edition of the India-Mongolia Joint Military Exercise, NOMADIC ELEPHANT, began today at the Foreign Training Node in Umroi, Meghalaya, and will run from July 3rd to July 16th, 2024. The exercise involves 45 Indian personnel from the SIKKIM SCOUTS and other services, and Mongolian personnel from the 150 Quick Reaction Force Battalion. Aimed at enhancing joint military capabilities for counter-insurgency operations under the United Nations Mandate, the exercise will focus on semi-urban and mountainous terrain. The opening ceremony was attended by Mongolian Ambassador Mr. Dambajavyn Ganbold and Major General Prasanna Joshi of the Indian Army. Tactical drills include responses to terrorist actions, establishing joint command posts, and employing drone systems. The closing ceremony will feature Major General Gyanbyamba Sunrev from Mongolia and Lieutenant General Zubin A Minwalla from India. This exercise aims to strengthen defense cooperation and bilateral relations between the two nations.

India has confirmed its participation in the 24th annual summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in Astana, Kazakhstan. Led by External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar, the delegation will engage in discussions on regional cooperation, security, and economic issues. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of "SECURE" outlines India's priorities, emphasizing security, economic cooperation, connectivity, unity, respect for sovereignty, and environmental protection. Despite Modi's absence due to scheduled visits to Russia and Austria, India's role underscores its commitment to multilateral engagement within the SCO framework.

The International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, observed annually on June 26, aims to foster action toward a drug-free world. This year's campaign stresses the importance of science, research, human rights, compassion, and understanding the implications of drug use in formulating effective drug policies. Ghada Waly, Executive Director of UNODC, advocates for evidence-based treatment, support, and enhanced prevention efforts.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has extended congratulations to H.E. António Costa on his election as the next President of the European Council. Modi expressed anticipation for advancing the India-EU Strategic Partnership under Costa's leadership.

Japan has made a significant breakthrough with the discovery of extensive mineral deposits near a remote Pacific island. This discovery includes reserves rich in lithium, cobalt, and rare earth minerals crucial for manufacturing batteries essential to electric vehicle (EV) production. The findings promise to enhance Japan's energy security by providing a domestic source of these critical minerals, potentially sustaining the nation's EV production needs for over a decade. This development is hailed as a game-changer for Japan's clean energy ambitions, bolstering its technological sovereignty and environmental stewardship.

Indian multi-role stealth frigate INS Shivalik has embarked on a mission to participate in RIMPAC-24, the world's largest naval exercise held in the South China Sea and North Pacific Ocean. After completing bilateral exercises with Japan, INS Shivalik arrived at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, where it will engage in a series of activities including symposiums, exercise planning discussions, and sea phase exercises aimed at enhancing naval interoperability and building trust among participating countries. This participation underscores the Indian Navy's capability to operate globally with its indigenously designed and built 6000-tonnes guided missile stealth frigate.

India's Ministry of External Affairs has reiterated its opposition to unilateral actions aimed at altering the status quo by force in the South China Sea. The statement comes amidst escalating tensions between China and the Philippines following a recent clash in the region. Emphasizing adherence to international law and a rules-based order, India calls for peaceful resolution of disputes and expresses concerns over actions that could destabilize the region. The stance aligns with global efforts advocating for stability and adherence to UNCLOS, amid growing concerns over sovereignty claims and hydrocarbon resources in the area.

The Tamil Nadu government has announced plans to construct a high-level bridge over Pallikaranai marshland in Chennai. This initiative aims to balance developmental needs with ecological preservation amidst growing environmental concerns. Pallikaranai marshland, known for its rich biodiversity and as a habitat for migratory birds, faces threats from urban expansion and infrastructure projects. The proposed bridge is designed to minimize ecological impact while enhancing connectivity for residents and commuters. Chief Minister [Name] emphasized the bridge's elevated design to preserve Pallikaranai's fragile ecosystem, with a focus on environmental impact assessment to safeguard water quality and wildlife habitats. The project underscores the government's commitment to sustainable development and biodiversity conservation, with stakeholder consultations and public hearings planned ahead of construction scheduled for next year.