Fifteen Indian fishermen from Kanniyakumari were recently detained by authorities near Diego Garcia Island, a British overseas territory in the Indian Ocean. The fishermen were apprehended while on a routine fishing trip, with suspicions that they may have violated maritime boundaries or engaged in illegal fishing activities. This incident has sparked concerns among the fishing community in southern India, particularly in Kanniyakumari, where fishing is a vital livelihood. The Indian government is working with relevant authorities to secure the release of the detained fishermen, while their families have called for swift action. The situation highlights broader concerns regarding maritime disputes and the safety of fishermen operating in international waters.

On the occasion of the India Meteorological Department's (IMD) 150th foundation day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched Mission Mausam, a groundbreaking initiative aimed at transforming India into a "weather-ready, climate-smart" nation. The mission will focus on deploying advanced weather surveillance technologies, including high-resolution atmospheric observations, next-generation radars, and satellites, alongside the use of high-performance computers for better forecasting. PM Modi also released the IMD Vision-2047 document, which outlines strategies for weather resilience and climate change adaptation. To mark the milestone, IMD is hosting a series of events, inviting international meteorologists and climate scientists from neighboring countries. IMD, established in 1875, will also showcase its first-ever tableau at the Republic Day parade this year.

The 2025 Henley Passport Index has seen significant changes, with Singapore and Japan claiming the top two spots. Singapore has reclaimed its position as the world’s most powerful passport, offering visa-free access to 195 destinations, while Japan follows with 193 destinations. Several European Union countries, including France, Germany, and Spain, have dropped in the rankings, now sharing third place with Finland and South Korea. Afghanistan remains at the bottom of the index, highlighting a widening mobility gap. Other notable shifts include China’s rise in the rankings and the continued rise of the UAE, which has climbed 32 places since 2015. The index also highlights a surge in US nationals seeking alternative residence and citizenship, driven by geopolitical uncertainties. Looking ahead, projections suggest a significant increase in millionaire migration in 2025.

Indian Railways has completed the Anji Khad Bridge, India's first cable-stayed rail bridge, located in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir. This engineering marvel is part of the Udampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) Project, aimed at enhancing connectivity between the Jammu region and the Kashmir Valley. Spanning 725.5 meters with a pylon height of 331 meters above the riverbed, the bridge is designed to withstand wind speeds of 213 km/h and train speeds of 100 km/h.

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has launched an urgent appeal to provide humanitarian assistance to millions of Syrians affected by years of conflict, economic instability, and recent natural disasters. The appeal focuses on delivering essential aid, including shelter, food, medical care, and access to clean water. With over 15 million people in need, the IOM is calling for increased international donations to prevent further suffering and displacement. The agency emphasizes the importance of global solidarity in addressing one of the world’s most severe humanitarian crises.

An unexpected breakdown in the polar vortex has caused Arctic air to sweep into the southern United States, plunging temperatures to record lows in states like Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. The extreme cold has led to icy roads, power outages, and widespread disruptions, with schools and businesses shutting down and emergency services on high alert. Officials are urging residents to stay indoors, conserve energy, and check on vulnerable populations. Experts warn that climate change could lead to more frequent disruptions of the polar vortex, potentially bringing similar events in the future. Residents are advised to follow local authorities’ guidance to stay safe during this rare cold snap.

The Z-Morh tunnel, a vital infrastructure project in central Kashmir’s Ganderbal district, is set to enhance year-round accessibility to Sonamarg and foster economic growth in the region. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to inaugurate the 6.5-km, Rs 2,680 crore tunnel on January 13. The tunnel, built under the Thajiwas Glacier, bypasses avalanche- and landslide-prone areas, ensuring safer travel and promoting winter tourism. Local hoteliers view it as a transformative step for Sonamarg’s tourism industry. The project also paves the way for the Zojila tunnel, which will further strengthen connectivity between Kashmir and Ladakh. Despite security challenges, including a militant attack last year, heightened safety measures are now in place. The Z-Morh and Zojila tunnels are expected to play a crucial role in boosting economic activity and defense logistics in the region.

Canada has launched the Rural Community Immigration Class (RCIC) to provide international students, particularly those from India, with a pathway to Permanent Residency (PR) by committing to live and work in designated rural communities. This new initiative aims to address labour shortages and promote the development of smaller rural areas. With nearly 7.66 lakh international students' Post-Graduate Work Permits (PGWPs) set to expire by the end of next year, the RCIC programme offers a valuable opportunity for students struggling to meet the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score for PR or secure high-paying jobs. The programme includes various eligibility criteria, such as having a job offer from a designated employer, meeting language requirements, and demonstrating an intent to reside in rural communities. By targeting less competitive rural areas, the RCIC programme increases the chances of securing PR for international students.

Groundwater across various districts in India is experiencing alarmingly high levels of nitrate contamination, the highest in the past seven years. Nitrates, commonly found in fertilizers, pesticides, and untreated sewage, are leaching into drinking water sources, particularly in areas with intensive agricultural activities. The contamination poses significant health risks, especially for infants, including "blue baby syndrome," and long-term exposure may lead to cancer and other health issues. Government and environmental organizations are urging stricter fertilizer regulations, better waste management, and enhanced groundwater monitoring to address the crisis and protect public health.

A contingent of over 300 Indian Army personnel has left for Nepal to participate in the 18th edition of Exercise Surya Kiran, a joint military exercise between India and Nepal. The exercise, set to take place in Saljhandi, Nepal, from December 29, 2024, to January 13, 2025, aims to enhance interoperability between the two nations' armed forces. The exercise will focus on jungle warfare, counter-terrorism operations in mountainous terrains, and Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief under the United Nations Charter. It also serves as a platform for fostering stronger bonds and sharing best practices between the Indian and Nepali armies.Earlier this month, General Ashok Raj Sigdel, the Chief of the Nepali Army, visited India to strengthen bilateral military cooperation. His visit included key engagements with Indian military leaders and resulted in agreements to enhance the operational capabilities of the Nepali Army. During the visit, General Sigdel was conferred with the Honorary Generalship of the Indian Army and visited key Indian defence industries.

The Denmark Strait cataract, located between Greenland and Iceland, is the world’s largest waterfall, with a vertical drop of 11,500 feet—more than three times the height of Angel Falls. Spanning 300 miles in width, this colossal phenomenon is submerged deep beneath the Arctic Ocean, making it invisible to the naked eye. Despite its hidden nature, it plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation by driving the thermohaline circulation, which helps regulate the Earth’s climate, weather patterns, and marine ecosystems. Formed during the last ice age, the cataract's cold, dense water flows along the ocean floor, creating a powerful current that impacts ecosystems worldwide. Its silent and invisible movement makes it difficult to study, but it remains essential for maintaining climate stability and nutrient distribution across the oceans.

Bangladesh has initiated an investigation into the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant, a significant energy project being developed with assistance from Russia’s Rosatom. The investigation will address concerns regarding the plant’s safety protocols, financial backing, and potential environmental risks. Critics have raised issues related to safety measures, nuclear waste management, and the financial burden on Bangladesh. The government has promised a thorough, transparent inquiry, supported by independent experts, to ensure the plant meets international safety standards and is viable for long-term operation.

India is taking proactive steps to counter China’s plans to build the world’s largest dam along the Brahmaputra River, which could significantly alter the region's water flow and energy dynamics. In response, India is pushing for the development of its own large-scale dam project in Arunachal Pradesh, a state with a disputed border with China. This move aims to secure water resources, generate hydroelectric power, and maintain regional competitiveness. However, the proposal has sparked environmental concerns and political tensions, both within India and with neighboring countries. The geopolitical implications are significant, as both India and Bangladesh rely heavily on the Brahmaputra River. The outcome of this high-stakes water resource battle will shape the future of India-China relations and the broader geopolitical landscape in South Asia.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has honored Brigadier General Amitabh Jha of India, recognizing his exceptional leadership and unwavering commitment to United Nations peacekeeping operations. Brigadier Jha, who served as the Deputy Force Commander of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) at the Golan Heights, recently acted as the Force Commander during complex circumstances following the fall of the Assad Government in Syria. He also contributed significantly to the United Nations Organization Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). Guterres extended his condolences to Brigadier Jha’s family and the Government of India for their loss. The Indian Army also expressed its condolences and reaffirmed support for the bereaved family. Brigadier Jha was known for his interest in military diplomacy, geopolitics, and modern warfare, as well as his passion for sports and outdoor activities.

India has sent a consignment of 1000 metric tonnes of rice to Lesotho to address food security and nutritional challenges in the African nation. Departing from Nhava Sheva Port, this initiative reflects India’s longstanding commitment to goodwill and friendship with African countries, guided by South-South cooperation. India has historically provided similar aid during natural calamities and famine, alongside disaster relief and medical assistance under the ‘Vaccine Maitri’ initiative. Strengthening India-Africa relations, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s 10 guiding principles emphasize capacity building, digital literacy, climate change mitigation, and agricultural development to unlock Africa’s potential.

Spain's Congress has officially terminated the Golden Visa programme, which allowed non-EU investors to obtain residency by investing at least €500,000 in Spanish real estate. The decision, passed on December 19, 2024, reflects a shift in the country’s policies to prioritize local housing needs over foreign investment. Critics of the programme had raised concerns about its impact on housing affordability and potential misuse for money laundering.Additionally, Spain has introduced fast-track legal proceedings to address property squatting, enabling landlords to reclaim properties more efficiently. While supporters of the termination emphasize stabilizing housing prices and ensuring availability for local citizens, opponents warn of potential negative effects on foreign investment and the real estate sector. The government plans to explore alternative measures to attract foreign capital while safeguarding housing security.

Indian oceanographers have successfully captured an image of an active hydrothermal vent located 4,500 meters below the surface of the Indian Ocean. This discovery is part of India’s Rs 4,000-crore Deep Ocean Mission, which aims to explore mineral resources in the ocean. Hydrothermal vents, where cold water meets magma, create superheated plumes rich in minerals and gases. The National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), in collaboration with the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), used an Automatic Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to capture historic images of the vent. This finding will enhance India’s mineral exploration efforts and offer new insights into the organisms thriving in extreme ocean environments. Future studies will focus on the economic potential of these hydrothermal deposits, which are believed to contain valuable minerals such as copper, zinc, gold, and silver.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrived in Kuwait on Saturday for a two-day visit, marking the first visit by an Indian Prime Minister to the Gulf nation in 43 years. The visit, at the invitation of Kuwaiti Emir Sheikh Meshal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, focuses on strengthening economic, trade, and energy partnerships, as well as enhancing regional security and stability. Modi will hold discussions with the Kuwaiti leadership and engage with the Indian diaspora, which plays a significant role in the country’s workforce. The visit also includes attending the opening ceremony of the 26th Arabian Gulf Cup. India and Kuwait share strong economic ties, with Kuwait being one of India’s top trading partners and a key supplier of crude oil. The Indian community in Kuwait, comprising over one million people, further bolsters the relationship between the two nations.

US President-elect Donald Trump has renewed interest in purchasing Greenland, a move met with firm rejection from Denmark. This is not the first time the US has sought to acquire Greenland due to its geostrategic importance, rich rare earth minerals, and emerging Arctic navigation opportunities. Historically, President Harry S Truman offered $100 million for Greenland in 1946, and earlier, the US State Department highlighted its value in 1867. The US has a history of territorial acquisitions, including Alaska, the Louisiana Purchase, and the US Virgin Islands. Greenland’s location, resources, and potential Arctic advantages make it a coveted asset for global powers.

Lava began emerging from Kilauea, one of the world’s most active volcanoes, on Monday, causing an eruption confined to the summit caldera within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The eruption followed increased seismic activity and was accompanied by lava fountains visible through webcam images. The immediate threat posed by the eruption is volcanic smog (vog), which contains sulfur dioxide and could worsen respiratory and cardiovascular conditions for those living downwind. The area has been closed to the public since 2007 due to hazardous conditions, including unstable crater walls and rockfalls. Kilauea has experienced multiple eruptions this year, with prior events in June and September.

Former Supreme Court judge, Justice Madan Lokur, has been appointed as the chairperson of the U.N. Internal Justice Council. Known for his significant contributions to Indian jurisprudence, Justice Lokur’s new role highlights his expertise in the legal field. The U.N. Internal Justice Council is responsible for overseeing justice within the U.N. system, and his appointment underscores international recognition of his legal acumen. This marks another prestigious achievement in Justice Lokur's distinguished career following his retirement from the Supreme Court in 2018.

The iconic Kapil Muni Temple on Sagar Island in West Bengal is now facing a serious threat from the rising waters of the Bay of Bengal, which have reached a dangerously close distance of just 450 meters from the temple. The increase in sea levels, primarily driven by global warming, has caused significant coastal erosion, endangering both the temple and the local communities that rely on it. The temple, a major religious and cultural landmark, could be lost if immediate action is not taken to address the environmental challenges posed by climate change. This situation calls for urgent intervention to protect the temple and preserve the cultural heritage of the region.

In 2024, India surpassed China to become the largest buyer of Russian oil, with the operationalisation of the Eastern Maritime Corridor playing a crucial role in this shift. The new sea route, connecting Chennai and Vladivostok, has significantly reduced shipping times and costs, facilitating the transport of crude oil, coal, LNG, and other commodities between the two countries. The route cuts transit time by up to 16 days, enhancing trade efficiency. With Russian oil being offered at discounted rates, Indian refiners continue to benefit from the cost savings, even as Russia’s oil exports to India remain strong. This growing trade relationship not only strengthens India's energy security but also deepens strategic cooperation with Russia, particularly in defense and nuclear technology.

Moldova has officially become a member of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), a global coalition focused on promoting solar energy in countries with abundant sunlight. The move aligns with Moldova's goals to reduce carbon emissions and enhance its renewable energy capacity. As part of the alliance, Moldova will gain access to technological support, financing opportunities, and policy frameworks to accelerate its energy transition. This membership is seen as a significant step in Moldova's commitment to sustainability and contributes to the global effort to combat climate change and promote green energy solutions.

Morocco has officially extended an invitation to Indian defence companies to establish operations within the country, marking a strategic move to strengthen its military and economic ties with India. The Moroccan government aims to leverage India’s advanced defence technologies to modernize its military capabilities. This initiative is part of Morocco's broader strategy to diversify its defence partnerships and reduce reliance on traditional suppliers. By encouraging Indian companies to set up manufacturing units and research facilities, Morocco hopes to create jobs, enhance local technological expertise, and fortify its defence infrastructure. The collaboration is expected to foster long-term cooperation, with opportunities in defence manufacturing, technology transfer, and joint ventures benefiting both nations.

The United Kingdom has officially become the 12th member of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), marking a key step in its efforts to enhance global trade following its exit from the European Union. The CPTPP, which includes 11 other countries, offers the U.K. access to dynamic Pacific markets and a strategic role in shaping the future of the trade bloc. While the immediate economic impact is modest, the U.K. stands to benefit from increased trade opportunities as the CPTPP expands. The U.K. also gains influence in decisions regarding future applicants, including China, further strengthening its position in global trade.

The Union government launched the 'Jalvahak' scheme on Sunday to promote the movement of cargo via inland waterways, offering up to 35% reimbursement on operating costs for goods transported over 300 km. The initiative, aimed at reducing logistics costs and easing congestion on road and rail networks, will be valid for three years. Union Minister of Ports, Shipping & Waterways, Sarbananda Sonowal, flagged off three cargo ships to inaugurate the scheme, which includes fixed-schedule sailing services on key routes like Kolkata-Patna-Varanasi and Kolkata-Pandu (Guwahati). The scheme is expected to facilitate a modal shift of 800 million tonne-kilometres by 2027, with an investment of Rs 95.4 crore. This move aligns with the government's vision of transforming transportation and enhancing the sustainability of supply chains.

The Franklin Fire in Malibu, California, which began on December 9, has already scorched over 4,000 acres and affected around 22,000 people. Fire crews are working to contain the blaze, which is currently 20% contained, but officials anticipate it will take several more days to extinguish. While the exact cause of the fire is still under investigation, experts point to the destructive role of Santa Ana winds and climate change. These winds, which occur from October to January, dry out vegetation, making it highly susceptible to fire. Climate change has worsened the situation by lengthening dry seasons and increasing the intensity of wildfires. Studies show that California's wildfire season has grown longer, and fires have become more frequent and severe in recent years. The outlook is grim, with climate models predicting a global temperature rise of over 3°C by the end of the century, further exacerbating the wildfire risk.

Israel has announced plans to double the population in the Golan Heights, a region it captured from Syria during the 1967 Six-Day War. This move aims to reinforce Israel's control over the strategically important area, which offers a critical vantage point over northern Israel and Syria. The decision is driven by increasing security threats from Syria, particularly due to the ongoing civil war and the presence of hostile forces near the border. The region, currently home to 50,000 Israeli citizens, is set to see a significant population boost. This expansion is also expected to further solidify Israel’s claim to the Golan Heights, which it formally annexed in 1981, despite international calls for its return to Syria. The announcement has sparked both domestic and international debate, with supporters citing security needs, while critics warn of escalating tensions with Syria and other Arab nations. Despite the controversy, Israel remains committed to the plan, viewing it as vital for securing its borders and asserting sovereignty over the region.

A heavy storm in the Kerch Strait led to the splitting of the Russian oil tanker Volgoneft 212, resulting in a significant oil spill. The vessel, carrying approximately 4,300 tonnes of fuel oil, broke into two parts, with its bow sinking. Another tanker, Volgoneft 239, sustained damage and was left adrift. At least one person lost their life in the incident. Rescue efforts, involving over 50 personnel, helicopters, and tugboats, were deployed to manage the crisis. Environmental concerns have arisen as blackened waters were observed in the area. The exact extent of the spill remains unclear. The incident occurred in the strategic Kerch Strait, a waterway between mainland Russia and Crimea.

Israel’s military involvement in Syria has been a key aspect of its security policy, especially since the Syrian Civil War began in 2011. Focused on eliminating threats from Syrian military assets and extremist groups like Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), Israel has conducted airstrikes and naval operations targeting critical military infrastructure. The Golan Heights, a strategic plateau captured by Israel in 1967, remains a focal point in Israel’s defense strategy. Israel has been particularly concerned about the spread of advanced weaponry to groups like Hezbollah and Iranian-backed militias. Recent Israeli strikes have targeted naval vessels, air defense systems, and missile stockpiles in Syria to prevent these weapons from falling into the hands of hostile forces. These operations have drawn varying reactions, with Syria condemning the strikes, Russia maintaining a cautious stance, and Iran and Hezbollah criticizing Israel’s actions as a challenge to their influence in the region.

The Maharashtra government is preparing to propose Lonar Lake in Buldhana district for UNESCO World Heritage Site recognition. Known as the world's largest basaltic impact crater, the lake was formed 50,000 years ago by a meteor strike and features saline-alkaline waters. The site is home to over 15 ancient temples, some dating back 1,200 years, blending cultural and scientific significance. Efforts are underway to document biodiversity, catalog archaeological findings, and enhance tourism infrastructure. If approved, Lonar Lake will join iconic sites like Ajanta and Ellora Caves. Conservation challenges, including rising water levels and submerged temples, are being addressed. The proposal is in its final stages and will soon be submitted to the Archaeological Survey of India for review.

The IEA’s Global Conference on Energy & AI, held on 4-5 December at the International Energy Agency's headquarters in Paris, brought together over 500 participants from governments, the energy sector, the tech industry, and civil society. The event focused on the deepening relationship between energy and artificial intelligence (AI), exploring how AI can be leveraged to optimize energy systems and accelerate innovation while addressing its growing electricity demands. Key speakers, including IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol, highlighted the urgent need for collaboration between policymakers and the industry to ensure AI’s energy needs are met sustainably. Discussions also centered on the challenges posed by expanding data centers, which consume significant amounts of electricity. The conference featured high-level participation from ministers and government officials from 25 countries, as well as industry leaders from companies such as Amazon Web Services, Google, and Microsoft. The event marked a significant step towards fostering global cooperation on the intersection of AI and energy, with plans for future reports and initiatives, including an AI-based chatbot to explore the 2024 World Energy Outlook report.

The Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2024 was awarded to healthcare professionals, frontline workers, researchers, and community leaders for their extraordinary contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The award recognizes their tireless efforts to battle the global crisis, often at great personal risk. These individuals displayed unmatched courage and resilience while caring for the sick, distributing essential supplies, and supporting their communities. The Indira Gandhi Peace Prize, established in memory of the late Prime Minister, celebrates global solidarity and highlights the collective action that was essential in managing the pandemic and saving lives.

Tata Power has started construction on the 600 MW Khorlochhu Hydropower Project in Bhutan, marking a significant step in its clean energy initiatives. The project, valued at Rs 6,900 crore, is located on the Kholongchhu River and is expected to be completed by 2029. This venture is part of a strategic collaboration with Bhutan’s Druk Green Power Corporation Ltd (DGPC), aimed at developing 5,000 MW of clean energy capacity. Future projects include the 1,125 MW Dorjilung Hydroelectric Project, reinforcing Tata Power’s commitment to sustainable energy and international cooperation.

Bhutan and India have recently held discussions to enhance their bilateral cooperation, focusing on the Gelephu project and the future of hydro power development in Bhutan. The Gelephu project, aimed at improving infrastructure connectivity in southern Bhutan, is expected to strengthen trade and economic ties between the two nations. Additionally, the talks emphasized expanding hydro power collaboration, an area where India has been a long-standing partner, to meet regional energy needs. These efforts align with both countries’ shared commitment to sustainable development and regional stability, with the successful implementation of these projects expected to significantly boost economic growth and energy security in the region.

The World Drought Atlas, launched by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the European Commission Joint Research Centre on December 2, 2024, reveals that by 2050, approximately 75% of the global population will be affected by droughts. The report highlights that human factors, such as unsustainable water use and poor land management, significantly contribute to the severity of droughts. The atlas stresses the need for urgent policy interventions, international cooperation, and data sharing to reduce drought damage. In India, where agriculture employs over 25 million people, the risk of crop failure due to drought is particularly alarming. The atlas also points out the role of proper soil management and early warning systems in mitigating drought impacts. The UNCCD has called on governments and organizations worldwide to adopt proactive strategies for drought management and adaptation.

In a significant turn of events, Aleppo, Syria's second-largest city, has fallen from the control of the Syrian government. Once a key stronghold, the city had been the site of fierce battles for years. Its loss is seen as a major blow to the Assad regime, which has been battling multiple opposition groups, including rebel factions and Kurdish forces. Aleppo's historical and economic importance makes it strategically vital, and its fall could shift the balance of power in Syria, with opposition groups and foreign-backed forces gaining ground. The situation has raised serious humanitarian concerns, with thousands of civilians caught in the crossfire and millions displaced. The geopolitical impact of this development is expected to influence the ongoing conflict and the broader regional dynamics.

The 4th edition of the India-Malaysia Joint Military Exercise, HARIMAU SHAKTI, began on December 2, 2024, at Bentong Camp in Pahang District, Malaysia. The exercise, scheduled until December 15, 2024, involves 78 Indian personnel from the MAHAR Regiment and 123 Malaysian personnel from the Royal Malaysian Regiment. The event, conducted alternately in India and Malaysia, aims to enhance joint military capabilities for counter-insurgency operations in jungle terrain under the United Nations Mandate.The exercise is divided into two phases: Phase 1 focuses on cross-training, including lectures and jungle drills, while Phase 2 involves a simulated exercise with operations like Anti-MT Ambush and Ambush attacks. HARIMAU SHAKTI is designed to foster inter-operability, strengthen defence cooperation, and boost bilateral relations between India and Malaysia.

The Nazca Lines, a collection of ancient geoglyphs in southern Peru, have long fascinated archaeologists. Recently, a study leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) led to the discovery of 303 previously unknown geoglyphs in just six months. This groundbreaking research, which covered over 600 square kilometers of the Nazca Pampa using drones, showcases how AI can significantly accelerate archaeological discoveries. The new geoglyphs, which are smaller than previous ones, were identified by filtering aerial imagery, leaving researchers with only a small percentage to analyze manually. The discoveries provide new insights into the pre-Incan Nazca civilization, suggesting the geoglyphs had ritual significance rather than astronomical purposes. This marks a major milestone in archaeology, highlighting the potential of AI to transform the field and uncover hidden histories.

At least 15 people have been confirmed dead and 113 others are missing after devastating landslides triggered by heavy rains in eastern Uganda's Bulambuli district. The disaster, which occurred on Wednesday, affected six villages in the Buluganya Sub County, including Masugu, Namachele, Natola, Namagugu, and Tagalu. Authorities reported that 15 bodies have been recovered, and 15 injured individuals have been rescued and are receiving treatment at Buluganya Health Center Three. The ongoing search and rescue operations continue as the region grapples with the aftermath of the tragedy.

The 13th edition of the Joint Military Exercise AGNI WARRIOR (XAW-2024), a bilateral exercise between the Indian Army and Singapore Armed Forces, concluded successfully on 30th November 2024 at the Field Firing Ranges in Devlali, Maharashtra. The three-day exercise, held from 28th to 30th November, involved 182 personnel from the Singapore Artillery and 114 personnel from the Indian Army’s Regiment of Artillery. The exercise aimed to enhance mutual understanding and coordination between the two armies, focusing on joint firepower planning, execution, and the integration of advanced artillery technologies. Dignitaries including Lieutenant General Adosh Kumar and Lieutenant General NS Sarna appreciated the professional expertise displayed by the participating troops. The event marked the culmination of extensive joint training, strengthening the firepower planning capabilities of both forces.

French President Emmanuel Macron recently praised the over 1,000 workers who contributed to the restoration of Notre-Dame Cathedral, calling it "the project of the century." The cathedral, which was severely damaged by a fire in 2019, is set to reopen next week to the public and the faithful. The restoration, which included the rebuilding of the spire, stained-glass windows, and intricate stonework, was completed in just over five years, with funding exceeding 840 million euros. The reopening ceremony, scheduled for December 7, 2024, will mark the return of this iconic monument, which is expected to attract 15 million visitors annually. Local Parisians and global admirers are celebrating the restoration of this symbol of French heritage.

India has been re-elected to the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) for another term, underscoring its continued involvement in global peacebuilding initiatives. The PBC plays a vital role in advising and supporting conflict-affected countries on recovery and peacebuilding efforts. As a member, India will continue advocating for the inclusion of local perspectives in peace processes and emphasize the importance of sustainable, long-term solutions for post-conflict recovery. This re-election aligns with India’s broader foreign policy objectives of promoting global peace and security and highlights its growing influence in international diplomacy.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrived in Guyana on Wednesday, marking the first visit by an Indian leader to the South American nation in over 50 years. During his trip, Modi met with regional leaders at the India-Caricom summit to discuss enhancing cooperation in health, energy, and agriculture. Notably, Modi highlighted Guyana’s growing significance as an oil-producing nation, emphasizing its role in India's energy security. The visit also reinforced trade relations between the two countries, with India providing financial support to Guyana in areas such as military aviation and infrastructure. Modi acknowledged the significant contribution of Guyana’s East Indian population, whose ancestors were brought to the country as indentured laborers during British colonial rule. This historic visit is set to further solidify the ties between India and Guyana, as well as with the broader Caribbean region.

A recent UNICEF report sheds light on the escalating dangers faced by children worldwide, emphasizing the urgent need for global action. The report identifies key risks, including climate change, natural disasters, ongoing conflicts, and economic instability, which are jeopardizing children's immediate safety and long-term well-being. These challenges disrupt access to education, healthcare, and opportunities for growth, deepening inequalities for vulnerable populations. UNICEF calls on governments, international organizations, and communities to prioritize climate action, conflict resolution, and social protections to safeguard the future of children and provide a safer, more stable environment.

India, in partnership with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), is set to host the Global Learning and Development Framework (GLDF) Results Management Training in New Delhi, starting tomorrow. The four-day event aims to standardize anti-doping procedures, enhance international collaboration, and strengthen the integrity of global sports. Participants from over 10 countries, including the Maldives, Nepal, and Malaysia, as well as representatives from WADA, the Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU), and the Badminton World Federation (BWF), will attend. The training will focus on key areas like case management, adjudication processes, and the application of anti-doping standards. Organized by the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) India, with support from the Japan Sports Agency (JSA) and the Japan Anti-Doping Agency (JADA), the event underscores India's commitment to advancing global anti-doping efforts.

In a highly controversial move, Russia vetoed a UN Security Council resolution proposed by the UK and Sierra Leone, calling for an immediate ceasefire and peace talks in Sudan. The resolution, which aimed to halt the 19-month civil war between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), was supported by 14 of the 15 Security Council members but failed to pass due to Russia’s veto. The UK and the US condemned Russia’s actions, accusing it of obstructing efforts to address the humanitarian crisis and furthering its political interests in Sudan. Russia defended its veto, claiming the resolution violated Sudan’s sovereignty and accused the UK of meddling in Sudanese affairs. Sudan’s ambassador expressed dissatisfaction with the resolution’s lack of key clauses, including condemnation of UAE support for the RSF and the classification of the RSF as a terrorist group. The conflict has led to tens of thousands of deaths and created a severe humanitarian crisis, with millions of people displaced and at risk of famine.

On November 14, 2024, New Zealand’s parliament was briefly suspended following a powerful protest by Māori Party MP Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke and other opposition legislators. The protest involved a ceremonial haka, a traditional Māori war dance, in response to the Treaty Principles Bill, which seeks to redefine the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, signed in 1840. The Bill, introduced by Act Party leader David Seymour, aims to legally define the treaty’s principles but has been met with criticism from Māori groups and some government members who fear it could undermine Māori rights. Despite the protest, the Bill passed its first reading, though its future remains uncertain due to significant opposition. The haka, performed as a symbol of cultural pride and resistance, highlights ongoing tensions surrounding the treatment of Māori people and the interpretation of the foundational Treaty.

Willingdon Island, a key infrastructure hub in the region, has faced significant delays in its planned restart, which was initially set for earlier this year. Unforeseen challenges have pushed back the timeline, raising concerns among local businesses, port authorities, and stakeholders who depend on the island for their economic activities. The island has historically been crucial for transportation, trade, and logistics, serving as a central hub for several industries. Despite these setbacks, experts remain optimistic about the long-term potential of the island. Efforts by local government and port authorities are underway to resolve the challenges and ensure a smooth restart, with stakeholders closely monitoring progress to restore the island’s role as a vital economic asset.

Researchers from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) have uncovered meter-high chimney-shaped vents on the Dead Sea floor, formed by the crystallization of minerals from highly saline groundwater. Published in Science of the Total Environment, this discovery provides a crucial early warning system for sinkholes in the region. The Dead Sea's rapidly declining water levels, combined with the dissolution of salt layers beneath the surface, are contributing to the formation of these subsidence craters. The chimneys, or “white smokers,” discharge brine and resemble black smokers found in deep-sea environments, but they differ in their mineral composition. These vents are seen as an effective tool to predict areas at risk of imminent collapse, offering a potential method to map and monitor sinkhole-prone regions.

A team of researchers from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) has uncovered a unique, glowing sea slug, named Bathydevius caudactylus, found in the deep ocean’s midnight zone. First spotted in February 2000, this species is unlike any other known sea slug due to its bioluminescent glow and distinct appearance, featuring a massive hood and fingerlike projections on its tail. Unlike most sea slugs, which live on the seafloor, Bathydevius is believed to be the first sea slug to thrive in the deep waters, 1,000 to 4,000 meters below the ocean surface. After over 150 sightings, the discovery is providing valuable insights into life in one of the most extreme and unexplored environments on Earth. The findings were published in the journal Deep Sea Research Part I.

In a significant step to enhance defense cooperation, India and Japan have signed an agreement for the supply of UNICORN (Universal Communication and Radar Mast) systems to Indian naval warships. These advanced masts will improve communication, radar, and surveillance capabilities, boosting the operational efficiency of India's naval fleet. The partnership highlights Japan's critical role in India's defense modernization plans, contributing to stronger strategic ties between the two countries. This deal emphasizes both nations' commitment to enhancing maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region and is a key milestone in India-Japan defense relations.

Lake Kariba, the world’s largest human-made reservoir, is facing unprecedented low water levels due to a severe drought exacerbated by El Niño. This has led to significant power cuts in Zambia and Zimbabwe, with both countries experiencing outages of up to 21 hours a day. The Kariba Dam, which powers much of the region, is at risk of shutting down for the first time in 65 years. The drought has also caused widespread crop failures, economic strain, and disrupted the fishing industry. While governments are working to diversify energy sources by developing coal and solar plants, there is cautious hope that the upcoming rainy season may offer some relief. However, with the water levels continuing to fall, the future of the Kariba Dam remains uncertain.

At the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Lima, US President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping cautioned about turbulent times ahead, anticipating challenges from Donald Trump’s return to the White House. Xi highlighted the dangers of unilateralism and protectionism, warning of potential global economic fragmentation. Biden underscored the importance of enduring partnerships, particularly with Japan and South Korea, amid escalating geopolitical tensions.The summit, aimed at promoting trade liberalization, saw discussions on regional stability, North Korea’s alliance with Russia, and future trade uncertainties under Trump’s “America First” agenda. Economists fear that Trump’s proposed tariffs on Chinese goods could destabilize both the US and global economies. This period of transition raises concerns over global trade policies and geopolitical stability.

India has officially become a member of the Asia-Pacific Regional Internet Registry (ARIN-AP) Steering Committee, a significant move that enhances its influence in internet governance within the region. This membership allows India to participate directly in the management of vital internet resources, including IP addresses and autonomous system numbers. Additionally, India will assume the presidency of the committee, which entails leading discussions on governance issues and coordinating efforts among member countries. The leadership will culminate in India hosting the annual general meeting in 2026. This development underscores India's commitment to fostering regional cooperation in digital governance and shaping policies that address the dynamic challenges of the digital landscape.

The CTBTO’s International Monitoring System, a global network of over 300 facilities, detected seismic activity in Iran on October 5. Data analysis confirmed the events were natural earthquakes, dismissing rumors of nuclear testing. The organization highlighted the importance of its near real-time data sharing and transparency in fostering trust among member states and the public.

Mount Marapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, erupted on Sunday in Agam district, West Sumatra, spewing thick ash clouds and covering nearby villages with volcanic debris. The eruption, which reached heights of 2,000 meters (6,560 feet), caused no reported casualties but raised concerns due to its sudden and unpredictable nature. The volcano has been at a high alert level since January, with strict safety measures in place to prevent further risks, including restrictions on climbers and residents within a 3-kilometer radius. Marapi's eruptions are notorious for their unpredictability, and the community remains on edge following past disasters, including a deadly eruption in December 2023 and devastating flash floods triggered by heavy monsoon rains earlier this year. Indonesia, situated along the seismic "Ring of Fire," is highly vulnerable to volcanic and earthquake activity.

Mount Fuji, Japan's iconic peak, has not yet seen snow as of Monday, setting a new record for the latest date without snowfall since records began 130 years ago. Typically, snow begins to form by early October, but this year, warm temperatures throughout the summer and into September have delayed the snowcap's formation. The previous record of late October snowless periods was set in 1955 and 2016. Experts, including forecaster Yutaka Katsuta, suggest that climate change may be influencing the delay. Japan also saw its hottest summer on record, intensifying the effects of extreme weather. Meanwhile, Mount Fuji, which attracts over 220,000 climbers each year, has seen a decrease in visitor numbers due to new restrictions aimed at reducing overtourism.

Saudi Arabia is introducing a series of digitally driven initiatives aimed at improving working conditions and safeguarding the rights of foreign workers, particularly those from India, as part of its Vision 2030 goals. The centerpiece of these reforms is the Musaned platform, which provides expatriate workers access to their employment contracts and real-time updates through a dedicated app. It aims to enhance transparency by allowing foreign embassies to monitor information regarding their nationals employed in the Kingdom. Key features of the platform include employer background checks, immigration monitoring, and compliance with wage protection systems. With approximately 1.4 million Indian workers in Saudi Arabia, the Musaned platform is set to facilitate the resolution of labor disputes and improve overall labor conditions.

The Hand-in-Hand Investment Forum 2024, launched today in Rome during the World Food Forum, has drawn significant global attention, with participation from 72 countries. This initiative, spearheaded by FAO’s Director-General QU Dongyu, seeks to drive transformative agrifood investments, prioritizing Small Island Developing States, least-developed countries, and food crisis regions. The event will showcase 115 agrifood investment opportunities, facilitating over 400 matchmaking meetings between investors and stakeholders. With $3 billion already mobilized, the forum aims to further scale up agrifood investments to tackle hunger, poverty, and climate challenges.

Israeli forces attacked the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) headquarters in southern Lebanon, injuring several Sri Lankan peacekeepers. The strike followed an earlier attack that wounded two Indonesian peacekeepers. UNIFIL accused the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) of deliberately targeting its positions over several days, sparking international condemnation. China, Italy, and Indonesia denounced the assaults as violations of international law, while UN officials warned of escalating risks for peacekeepers. The attacks occurred amid Israel’s ongoing military operations in Lebanon and Gaza, leading to significant casualties and displacement. Despite international calls for restraint, Israel intensified its actions with a ground incursion into southern Lebanon.

Taiwan’s navy commander, Admiral Tang Hua, has warned that China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is employing an ‘anaconda strategy’ to slowly but surely increase military pressure on Taiwan. In an interview with The Economist, Tang revealed that China is intensifying its military presence around the island, ready to blockade Taiwan whenever it chooses. The term 'anaconda strategy' draws from the Civil War-era Anaconda Plan, aimed at suffocating the enemy. Similarly, China uses a combination of military maneuvers, psychological tactics, and cyber warfare to exhaust Taiwan's defenses. With increasing naval and air incursions, China’s goal is to force Taiwan into submission without direct confrontation, while Taiwan remains focused on avoiding provocation.

Two foreign women mountaineers, Michelle Theresa Dvorak from the United States and Fay Jane Manners from the United Kingdom, were successfully rescued by the Indian Air Force (IAF) after being stranded at an altitude of over 6,000 metres on the Chaukhamba-3 peak in the Garhwal Himalayas. Their expedition, organized by the India Mountaineering Foundation, encountered difficulties when their equipment and bags slipped into a gorge. Despite challenging terrain, IAF helicopters located and airlifted the women to safety after three days. The rescue mission involved both aerial searches and a ground operation by the State Disaster Response Force (SDRF). Several past mountaineering tragedies in the region have highlighted the dangers faced by trekkers due to extreme weather conditions.

A 35-year-old woman, Vimla Martoliya, tragically drowned in the Saryu river in Kapkot after employees of Uttar Bharat Hydro Power Pvt Ltd allegedly opened a dam without prior notice, causing a sudden surge in water levels. Despite an alarm being sounded moments before the release, Martoliya was caught in the flow and swept away. Her body was later found 1 kilometer downstream. Villagers, outraged by the incident, have demanded that a murder case be filed against the company, accusing it of disregarding public safety. Local authorities are investigating, and an autopsy is underway.

The Indian Navy’s stealth frigate, INS Talwar, reached Simon’s Town, South Africa, on 06 October 2024 for the eighth edition of IBSAMAR, a joint naval exercise involving India, Brazil, and South Africa. Running from 06 to 18 October 2024, IBSAMAR VIII focuses on enhancing interoperability and strengthening naval cohesion with exercises centered on Surface and Anti-Air Warfare. The event includes a harbour phase with drills, seminars, and joint operations, followed by a sea phase aimed at improving naval combat readiness. INS Talwar's participation highlights growing India-South Africa defence cooperation and India's commitment to a peaceful maritime environment.

A recent study reveals that cacao farming in the TRIDOM landscape of the Congo Basin, spanning Cameroon, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo, is causing deforestation at rates seven times higher than other livelihoods. The rising global demand for chocolate, primarily from Europe and North America, is driving this trend. The study emphasizes the environmental consequences of clearing land for low-yield cacao farming, despite efforts by chocolate companies and the European Union to promote sustainable practices. Experts call for diversified farming, improved yields on existing farms, and local cacao processing to reduce deforestation and improve farmers' livelihoods. As the Congo Basin is the world’s largest carbon sink, protecting its forests is crucial in the fight against climate change.

The Maritime Exercise Malabar 2024 is set to take place from October 8 to 18 in Visakhapatnam, India, involving naval forces from Australia, Japan, and the United States. Initially a bilateral drill between the US and Indian Navies in 1992, Malabar has evolved into a significant multilateral exercise aimed at enhancing interoperability and addressing shared maritime challenges in the Indian Ocean and Indo-Pacific regions.This year’s exercise will feature a range of naval platforms, including guided missile destroyers, frigates, submarines, and aircraft, with special forces from all participating nations also taking part. Key focus areas will include anti-submarine warfare, air defence, and surface warfare operations. A Distinguished Visitors’ Day is scheduled for October 9, where Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar will host delegations from the participating nations, alongside a Joint Press Conference. Malabar 2024 is expected to be the most comprehensive edition yet, incorporating complex operational scenarios at sea.

In a tragic incident, five Russian mountaineers lost their lives during an expedition on Mount Dhaulagiri, the world’s seventh highest peak. Initially reported missing on Sunday, their bodies were discovered by a rescue helicopter two days later. Two climbers had successfully reached the summit, while the others turned back before completing the ascent. Pemba Jangbu Sherpa from I AM Trekking and Expeditions highlighted the complexities involved in recovering the bodies, emphasizing the need for careful planning and specialized equipment. The autumn climbing season in Nepal, which began last month, is less popular than spring, attracting fewer climbers due to lower permit fees and reduced crowding. Meanwhile, a record number of climbers are gathered in Tibet, pursuing the goal of summiting all 14 peaks above 8,000 meters.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to attend the 21st ASEAN-India Summit in Vientiane, Laos, on October 10-11, 2024, coinciding with the 10th anniversary of India’s Act East Policy. This visit aims to bolster India’s strategic ties with Southeast Asia amidst rising regional tensions and deepening economic partnerships. The summit will focus on enhancing cooperation in key areas such as trade, connectivity, and security, with an emphasis on defense collaborations and technological advancements. Significant initiatives, including the restoration of cultural heritage sites and humanitarian aid efforts, will also be highlighted. The outcomes of this summit are poised to shape the future of ASEAN-India relations and address pressing challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.

India has firmly dismissed the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) report, which highlighted "increasing abuses" against religious minorities in the country. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) described the report as "biased" and accused the USCIRF of promoting a "motivated narrative." In response to the report's recommendation to designate India as a "Country of Particular Concern," MEA spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal urged the commission to focus on human rights issues within the United States instead. The report alleged severe violations of religious freedom, including violence against minorities and the misuse of laws such as the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). Historically, India has denied visas to USCIRF members, citing interference in its internal affairs, and has criticized the commission for its perceived bias.

Little Prespa Lake, situated at the border of Albania and Greece, is undergoing a critical ecological crisis driven by climate change, pollution, and human activities. Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns have led to declining water levels, severely impacting the lake's aquatic ecosystem and causing fish populations to dwindle. Additionally, agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides is contaminating the water, threatening both local wildlife and community health. Invasive species are further disrupting this delicate environment. As awareness grows, local communities and environmental groups are calling for immediate action, urging authorities to implement stricter regulations and promote sustainable practices to protect this vital natural resource. The future of Little Prespa Lake and its rich biodiversity is at stake, necessitating urgent conservation efforts.

The 8th edition of the India-Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise, KAZIND-2024, began today at the Surya Foreign Training Node in Auli, Uttarakhand. Scheduled from September 30 to October 13, 2024, this annual exercise aims to enhance military capabilities for counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrains. The Indian Armed Forces are represented by a battalion of the KUMAON Regiment and personnel from the Indian Air Force, while the Kazakhstan contingent includes Land Forces and Airborne Assault Troopers. Key objectives include refining tactical operations, improving physical fitness, and sharing best practices. The exercise will facilitate interoperability and strengthen defense cooperation between the two nations, further solidifying their bilateral relations.

Mount Erebus, Antarctica's southernmost active volcano, has captured the attention of scientists with an unusual occurrence—releasing tiny pieces of crystallized gold. These particles, worth over $6,000, have been discovered up to 621 miles away from the volcano’s summit. Standing at 12,448 feet, Mount Erebus is unique among volcanoes as it produces solid gold particles instead of dispersing the gold in gas or liquid form. While it generates approximately 64.4 lbs of gold annually, valued at $2 million, mining the gold remains too dangerous due to unpredictable volcanic explosions. Discovered in 1841, Mount Erebus continues to intrigue researchers with its rare activity and remote location on Ross Island, home to a large colony of Adelie penguins.

Search and rescue operations have resumed for 48 migrants who disappeared in the Atlantic Ocean while trying to reach the Canary Islands from Africa after their boat capsized. Local authorities and humanitarian organizations have mobilized teams equipped with helicopters, boats, and drones to scour the waters for signs of the missing individuals. The incident highlights the ongoing surge in dangerous migrant crossings as many flee dire conditions in their home countries in search of better opportunities in Europe. Despite the risks of overcrowded and unseaworthy vessels, the Canary Islands remain a key destination for North African migrants. As search efforts continue, officials emphasize the need for policies that address the root causes of migration and ensure the safety of vulnerable populations.

Recent surveys in Lake Michigan have confirmed the presence of large, naturally occurring craters at the bottom of the lake, first detected through sonar images two years ago. Initially observed as strange circles during a mapping expedition in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary, these craters are believed to be depressions formed by geological processes. With approximately 40 craters identified, researchers are excited about the potential for further discoveries. The investigation suggests similarities with sinkholes found in Lake Huron, indicating that geological activity may play a significant role in shaping the lakebed. Scientists are committed to ongoing research to understand the impact of these features on Lake Michigan's ecosystem.

In a historic milestone, Jordan has officially eliminated leprosy, becoming the first country to achieve this feat, as confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO). This achievement highlights Jordan's dedication to public health and the eradication of diseases that have troubled humanity for centuries. Leprosy, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, has long been associated with stigma, leading to the ostracism of those affected. Jordan's success is attributed to comprehensive public health campaigns, early detection initiatives, free treatments, and collaboration with international organizations. The WHO's rigorous verification process confirms that Jordan has effectively reduced the prevalence of leprosy below 1 case per 10,000 population, setting a precedent for other nations in the ongoing fight against this ancient disease. While Jordan celebrates this achievement, health officials emphasize the importance of continued vigilance to monitor and support those affected by leprosy, ensuring a future free from the disease.

India's External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, underscored the growing significance of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in promoting multipolarity on the global stage. He highlighted the bloc's critical role in fostering diversity and collaboration in international relations, moving away from unipolar or bipolar power structures. Jaishankar emphasized that BRICS works to create a more inclusive global order by advancing the interests of developing nations through economic cooperation, political alignment, and security initiatives. As the world transitions towards a multipolar system, BRICS is poised to play a crucial role in shaping global governance frameworks.

The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydroelectric dam located in Hubei province, China, is significantly impacting the Earth's rotation. This infrastructure project harnesses the flow of the Yangtze River and the three gorges—Qutangxia, Wuxia, and Xilingxia—to generate electricity. NASA researchers discovered in 2005 that changes in mass distribution, such as those caused by the dam, can affect the planet's moment of inertia. Notably, the dam holds around 40 cubic kilometers of water, which may increase the length of a day by 0.06 microseconds and shift the Earth's pole position by approximately 2 centimeters. While these changes are minor compared to the effects of major earthquakes, they highlight the broader implications of human activities, including climate change, on Earth's rotational dynamics.

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) successfully defeated Hamas terrorists in Rafah over a three-month operation, focusing on the Philadelphi corridor, a crucial border area with Egypt. This corridor has been vital for Hamas to smuggle weapons and resources, enabling its military operations. Despite international pressure, including warnings from the Biden administration against Israeli actions in Rafah, Israel maintains that control of this corridor is essential to prevent Hamas from re-arming and to ensure regional stability. Historically, Hamas seized control of Gaza in 2007, leading to an increase in rocket attacks on Israel. In 2024, Israel launched operations in Rafah, uncovering over 200 tunnels used by Hamas for smuggling and military training. Maintaining control over the Philadelphi corridor is deemed necessary for Israel to counteract Hamas’s threat and secure its borders.

Australian researchers have identified a monumental impact crater, named the Massive Australian Precambrian-Cambrian Impact Structure (MAPCIS), spanning 600 kilometers across central Australia. Spearheaded by Daniel Connelly and Dr. Arif Sikder from Virginia Commonwealth University, the research indicates that this impact event occurred between 538.8 million and 1 billion years ago, at the end of the Ediacaran period. The discovery includes significant evidence such as deposits of pseudotachylite breccia, shocked minerals like lonsdaleite, and elevated iridium concentrations, all suggesting a cataclysmic event. The implications of this finding could significantly enhance our understanding of Earth's geological and biological evolution. Connelly is set to present their research at upcoming geological conferences, further illuminating this groundbreaking discovery.

In a significant development, UN Member States adopted the Pact along with its annexes, the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration on Future Generations, by consensus. Despite a last-minute proposal from some countries to amend the text to emphasize national sovereignty, the proposal was rejected by the 193-member Assembly. The Pact identifies five key focus areas: sustainable development, international peace and security, science and technology, youth and future generations, and transforming global governance. By endorsing the Pact, member states committed to enhancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), engaging youth in decision-making, building partnerships with civil society, and addressing the root causes of conflicts. The Global Digital Compact sets the framework for the international regulation of artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to ensure technology benefits everyone and addresses risks such as digital divides and cybersecurity. Meanwhile, the Declaration emphasizes the importance of considering the interests of future generations in decision-making processes. UN leaders, including Secretary-General António Guterres, underscored the necessity for global cooperation to address pressing challenges, including the climate crisis and inequality.

In a significant display of military cooperation, Russia and China have commenced extensive naval exercises, codenamed "Ocean-24," in the Sea of Japan from September 10 to September 16, 2024. These exercises, hailed by Russian President Vladimir Putin as the largest in three decades, involve over 400 warships, submarines, and support vessels, along with approximately 90,000 troops and more than 120 aircraft. Spanning multiple bodies of water—including the Pacific and Arctic Oceans—the drills aim to repel large-scale aggression, combat unmanned vehicles, and conduct amphibious operations. The joint maneuvers reflect a deepening alliance between Moscow and Beijing amidst rising global tensions and present a strategic challenge to U.S. interests in the Asia-Pacific region. As the international community closely monitors the situation, the exercises highlight a broader shift in military dynamics and power balance in the region.

On Friday, firefighters raced to contain a significant diesel fuel spill resulting from the sinking of the passenger ship "Adolf Jensen" off Greenland's coast. The ship, which ran aground after hitting a reef, leaked approximately 20,000 litres of diesel fuel into the Nanortalik fjords, threatening the delicate Arctic environment. Although all passengers successfully evacuated, responders faced challenges due to wind, tides, and sea currents. The Danish Navy's Arctic command has been requested for assistance in recovering and treating the leaked fuel. Local authorities have cautioned vessels in the area to navigate slowly to minimize further disturbance.

On Sunday, Yemen's Houthi rebels fired a ballistic missile that struck near Tel Aviv, Israel's commercial center. Houthi leader Abdul Malik al-Houthi claimed responsibility, stating that the missile successfully penetrated Israel's air defense systems. Although there were no casualties, the attack heightened existing regional tensions, especially as the Gaza conflict approaches its first anniversary since the Hamas attack on October 7. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed that the Houthis would "pay a heavy price" for the strike. The missile caused minor damage but underscored the Houthis' growing military capabilities, supported by historical weapons caches and Iranian assistance. The incident raises questions about how a militia in war-torn Yemen can execute such long-range strikes, as the Houthis are increasingly involved in a broader network of Iranian-backed militias.

The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (Incois) has launched a new Integrated Ocean Energy Atlas, highlighting the extensive renewable energy potential within India's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The atlas features marine meteorological sources like solar and wind, and hydrological energy forms including waves, tides, currents, ocean thermal gradients, and salinity gradients. It provides detailed energy estimates at a five-kilometer grid resolution and projects a total integrated ocean energy of around 9.2 lakh terawatt-hours (TWh) annually. Incois Director Dr. T. Srinivasa Kumar emphasized the atlas's importance for shaping energy policies and investments, underscoring the untapped potential of offshore renewable energy to drive India's energy transition and enhance its blue economy.

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar announced that approximately 75% of the disengagement issues along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) between India and China have been resolved. Speaking at Switzerland’s Global Centre for Security Policy, Jaishankar highlighted ongoing concerns about the increasing militarization of the border. The tensions, which began with the deadly clash in Galwan Valley in June 2020, have led to multiple rounds of military and diplomatic discussions. Jaishankar emphasized the need for continued negotiations to achieve full disengagement and restore peace. Meanwhile, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval met with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi at a BRICS meeting to review efforts and stabilize relations. The Ministry of External Affairs stressed the importance of respecting bilateral agreements and maintaining peace for regional and global stability.

The third edition of the INDUS-X Summit took place on September 9-10, 2024, in the United States, marking a significant advancement in the defence innovation collaboration between India and the USA. The event, organized by the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) and Stanford University, featured the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) and the Defence Innovation Unit (DIU) to enhance defence innovation cooperation. Key highlights included the announcement of a new challenge under INDUS-X, the release of the INDUS-X Impact Report, and the launch of the official INDUS-X webpage. The Summit provided a platform for showcasing cutting-edge technologies by startups and SMEs, and facilitated crucial discussions through advisory forums on future technology trends, startup capacity building, and strengthening defence supply chains. Joint Secretary (Defence Industries Promotion) Sh. Amit Satija highlighted the Summit's role in reaffirming the commitment of both countries to advancing defence technology through strategic collaboration.

The Indian Army contingent has embarked on its journey to participate in the 5th edition of the India-Oman Joint Military Exercise, AL NAJAH V, set to be held from September 13 to September 26, 2024, at the Rabkoot Training Area in Salalah, Oman. This biennial exercise, alternating between the two nations, aims to bolster joint military capabilities for counter-terrorism operations under UN Chapter VII. The Indian contingent includes 60 personnel from a Mechanised Infantry Battalion and other units, while the Royal Army of Oman will also contribute 60 personnel from the Frontier Force. The exercise will focus on desert environment operations and include tactical drills such as joint planning, cordon and search operations, and counter drone tactics. AL NAJAH V seeks to enhance interoperability, foster goodwill, and strengthen defense cooperation between India and Oman.

A Russian missile strike on the city of Poltava, Ukraine, resulted in at least 51 deaths and 271 injuries. Key targets included a military academy and a nearby hospital. The attack, which occurred shortly after 09:00 local time, left significant damage, including shattered windows in surrounding buildings. Eyewitnesses described the scene as chaotic and traumatic, with limited time to reach bomb shelters. President Volodymyr Zelensky condemned the attack, calling for enhanced air defenses. International leaders, including UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy and US President Joe Biden, condemned the aggression and expressed support for Ukraine. The Ukrainian government faces criticism and a major overhaul following the attack.

India has recently embarked on a series of significant joint military exercises involving its Army, Navy, and Air Force. These exercises aim to bolster the nation's defense capabilities and strengthen international defense ties. The Indian Army focused on improving coordination with allied forces through complex maneuvers and advanced technology. The Navy conducted maritime drills to enhance naval security in international waters, while the Air Force showcased its advanced aerial combat techniques and strategic airlift capabilities. These activities not only reinforce India’s defense posture but also aim to foster stronger defense partnerships globally, highlighting India’s commitment to regional stability and its role in multinational security operations.

On September 3, 2024, the Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology (CMLRE) conducted its inaugural national-level workshop on the Indian Ocean Biodiversity Information System (IndOBIS) at its Kochi campus. The event, attended by scientists and researchers from across India, aimed to enhance awareness and skills in marine biodiversity data documentation and publishing. Dr. M Ravichandran, Secretary of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, highlighted the workshop’s alignment with India’s Deep Ocean Mission and Sustainable Development Goal 14. Dr. GVM Gupta, Director of CMLRE, underscored IndOBIS's role in advancing marine biodiversity knowledge and fostering global collaboration. The workshop also introduced the Ocean Eyes mobile app, designed to engage citizens in marine biodiversity monitoring. IndOBIS, the Indian regional node of the global OBIS, supports innovative research and contributes to global marine science efforts.

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has arrived in Bandar Seri Begawan for an official visit, making history as the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Brunei. The visit coincides with the 40th anniversary of diplomatic ties between India and Brunei. Upon arrival, Prime Minister Modi was ceremoniously welcomed by His Royal Highness Prince Haji Al-Muhtadee Billah, the Crown Prince and Senior Minister in the Prime Minister’s Office of Brunei. The visit underscores the strategic partnership between India and Brunei, which is integral to India's 'Act East' Policy and Indo-Pacific Vision. The relationship is deeply rooted in a shared history, culture, and tradition that spans a millennium.

Namibia is undertaking a large-scale culling of wild animals, including elephants, hippopotamuses, and zebras, to address the impact of a severe drought affecting nearly half of its 1.4 million population. The drought, exacerbated by El Niño, has led to extreme food and water shortages. With over 150 animals already culled, the operation aims to provide much-needed meat and manage wildlife populations to prevent conflicts with humans. The culling is also intended to alleviate grazing pressure and water scarcity in affected areas. The government asserts that this measure is in line with its constitutional mandate to use natural resources for the benefit of its citizens.

Member states of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) took a significant step in enhancing regional security by signing a charter and a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the establishment of the CSC Secretariat. The signing ceremony, held in Colombo, saw the participation of India's NSA Ajit Doval along with senior officials from Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Mauritius. Although Bangladesh, a member state, did not attend, it supported the initiative. The CSC aims to address transnational threats through cooperation in five key areas: maritime safety and security, countering terrorism and radicalisation, combating trafficking and transnational organised crime, cyber security, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi commenced his visit to Brunei and Singapore, marking a significant step in India’s ‘Act East’ policy and Indo-Pacific strategy. The visit, spanning September 3-4, will make Modi the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Brunei, aiming to establish long-term gas supply arrangements. In Singapore, starting September 4, Modi will engage in discussions to bolster collaboration in areas such as semiconductor development and advanced manufacturing. Singapore remains India’s largest trade partner in ASEAN and a major source of Foreign Direct Investment. Modi’s itinerary also includes meetings with key leaders and members of the business community in both countries. The visit underscores the growing strategic and economic partnership between India, Brunei, and Singapore, with a focus on enhancing cooperation in various sectors.

Kishore Mahbubani, a former Singaporean diplomat and ex-president of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), has called for India to be granted a permanent seat in the UNSC, citing its status as the third most-powerful country in the world. He suggested that the United Kingdom should step aside to make way for India, arguing that the UK no longer holds the global influence it once did. Mahbubani also highlighted India's economic rise, having surpassed the UK as the fifth-largest economy in 2022. His comments come amidst ongoing discussions about potential reforms in the UN, with the G4 nations, including India, mutually supporting each other’s bids for permanent UNSC membership.

The World Gold Council (WGC) has increased its forecast for India’s gold consumption in 2024 to 850 tonnes, up from 750 tonnes, driven by a good monsoon season and a significant reduction in gold import duties. Jewelry demand is expected to be the main driver, with the July-September quarter already showing a 10% year-on-year increase in gold demand. The trend is likely to continue into the festive season, with demand peaking during Diwali-Dhanteras. Additionally, the growth of gold exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in India highlights gold’s emerging role as a financial instrument. However, potential price volatility is anticipated around the U.S. Presidential election in November.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's upcoming visit to Poland from August 21-23 is generating significant excitement among the Indian community in Warsaw. This visit marks the first time an Indian Prime Minister has visited Poland in 45 years and coincides with the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and Poland. Members of the Indian diaspora have expressed their enthusiasm, highlighting the visit as a key moment for strengthening bilateral ties. MEA Secretary Tanmaya Lal described the visit as a "landmark" event, with PM Modi set to meet Polish leaders and engage with the Indian community. The visit also underscores the deep historical connections between the two nations, including Poland's past support during crises.

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has upheld the disqualification of Indian wrestler Vinesh Phogat, ruling that she was ineligible to compete in the finals due to being overweight at the second weigh-in. Sole arbitrator Annabelle Bennett acknowledged the persuasive nature of the Indian side's arguments but confirmed that the rules left no room for discretion. Bennett described the disqualification as harsh but noted that the regulations were clear and applied uniformly to all competitors. The verdict highlights that under UWW rules, eligibility must be maintained throughout the competition, and failing to meet weight limits results in elimination and a last-place ranking. Despite the extenuating factors presented by Vinesh's team, the CAS ruling emphasizes the strict adherence to rules governing weight limits.