India has officially joined the International Medical Device Regulators Forum (IMDRF) as an affiliate member, as announced by the Union Ministry of Health. This affiliation aims to enhance collaboration with global regulatory authorities and align India's medical device regulatory system with international standards. The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) applied for membership in 2024, and after a review process, India’s application was approved during the 26th Session of the IMDRF in September 2024. The membership is expected to simplify regulatory requirements for manufacturers, promote public health, and strengthen the global presence of Indian medical device manufacturers, thereby reinforcing the “Brand India” in the international market.

Eamonn Murphy, the UNAIDS Director for the Asia Pacific, stressed the importance of India's contributions to the global goal of ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. In an interview with The Hindu, he highlighted India's impressive reduction of new HIV infections by 44% from 2010 to 2023, which outpaces the global average. However, he urged for an acceleration of prevention efforts, especially in targeted states and districts, over the next five years. Dr. Murphy emphasized the need for sustainable health systems designed by communities to address people's needs and advocated for community-led organizations to deliver 80% of prevention services. Additionally, he noted the significant drop in AIDS-related deaths by nearly 80% in the same period, while advocating for new technologies to ensure affordable treatment access for all patients.

Scientists have detected carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on Pluto’s largest moon, Charon, marking a significant discovery in understanding the origins and evolution of icy bodies in the outer Solar System. The gases were detected using NASA’s James Webb Telescope, which allowed for an extended wavelength range. This breakthrough, published in Nature Communications, indicates that the carbon dioxide likely originated from the moon's interior and was exposed by cratering events, while hydrogen peroxide forms due to UV light and cosmic rays altering Charon’s ice-rich surface. This discovery enhances the understanding of dynamic processes on distant celestial bodies like Charon, once orbiting what was classified as the Solar System's ninth planet.

On October 2, 2024, an annular solar eclipse will be visible in parts of South America, while a partial solar eclipse can be observed across South America, Antarctica, North America, and parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, including Hawaii. During an annular eclipse, the Moon covers the Sun's center, leaving a "ring of fire" visible. In contrast, a partial eclipse results in only a portion of the Sun being obscured. Solar eclipses occur during a new moon when the Moon aligns between the Earth and the Sun, but they are infrequent due to the Moon's tilted orbit.

India has introduced BharatGen, a pioneering initiative aimed at making generative AI accessible in various Indian languages. Launched under the leadership of IIT Bombay and supported by the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS), BharatGen stands out as the world's first state-funded project focused on multimodal large language models for Indian languages. The initiative was announced during a launch event attended by prominent figures, including Minister of Science and Technology Jitendra Singh and Principal Scientific Advisor A K Sood.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that poses a significant global health challenge, especially with the increasing aging population. With approximately 55 million people living with dementia, Alzheimer's accounts for 60-80% of these cases, highlighting the urgent need for a deeper understanding of the disease and its links to other neurological disorders.

A research team from Osaka Metropolitan University has made significant advancements in the development of solid electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. Led by Assistant Professor Kota Motohashi, Associate Professor Atsushi Sakuda, and Professor Akitoshi Hayashi, the team discovered a new solid electrolyte, Na2.25TaCl4.75O1.25, which exhibits high conductivity, superior electrochemical stability, and enhanced mechanical properties. This electrolyte was developed by adding tantalum pentoxide to the previously established solid electrolyte NaTaCl6. The findings are expected to contribute significantly to the development of composite solid electrolytes, improving the sustainability and safety of rechargeable batteries, including all-solid-state batteries. The research team aims to further explore the ionic conduction mechanisms of these new materials.

Taiwan has received the first shipment of 100 U.S.-made Harpoon anti-ship missile systems, marking a crucial step in its efforts to enhance coastal defense against growing maritime threats from China. The delivery, part of a larger defense deal approved in 2020, will ultimately include 400 missiles by 2028. These missile systems will be strategically deployed across Taiwan, with key bases in Pingtung and Kaohsiung, to counter potential blockades and maritime aggression. Taiwan has also demonstrated its missile capabilities through recent tests and plans to establish a new Coastal Defense Command by 2026.

Researchers have uncovered groundbreaking findings about neutrinos, often called "ghost particles," and their behavior in dense environments like supernovae and neutron star mergers. In these conditions, neutrinos become quantum entangled, sharing states and evolving chaotically, significantly impacting the dynamics of supernova explosions and the synthesis of elements. Using random matrix theory and numerical simulations, scientists have confirmed that these interactions lead to an equilibrium state among neutrinos. This research, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, offers new perspectives on the explosion mechanisms of supernovae and could transform our understanding of cosmic events.

At the India Sugar and Bio-Energy Conference in New Delhi, Food and Public Distribution Minister Pralhad Joshi announced that India has achieved the status of the world's third-largest producer and consumer of ethanol. The minister underscored the government's dedication to establishing a robust and sustainable sugar industry that plays a crucial role in the renewable energy sector. He reported an 18% increase in sugarcane cultivation and a 40% rise in production over the past decade. Furthermore, Joshi highlighted the effectiveness of the Minimum Support Price in alleviating farmers' dues and transforming them from "Anna Dattas" (providers of food) to "Urja Dattas" (providers of energy). He also mentioned the National Green Hydrogen Mission, which was launched last year with an investment of ₹19,744 crore, aiming to position India as a global hub for green hydrogen production, usage, and export.

Scientists from the National Institute of Virology (NIV) have traced the recent chikungunya outbreak in Pune and nearby regions to the Indian Ocean lineage of the virus. Their analysis reveals that this outbreak is not caused by a new strain but a resurgence of a previously circulating variant. While the virus's core genetic structure remains largely unchanged, medical experts in Pune are alarmed by the severity of symptoms seen in patients, including neurological, cardiac, hepatic, and respiratory complications. This has raised concerns about potential mutations in the virus. The role of environmental factors and mosquito transmission patterns, such as trans-ovarian transmission, is also being explored to understand the spread.

Rwanda's health ministry has reported six fatalities linked to an outbreak of the Marburg virus, with around 20 patients currently receiving treatment, mostly health workers. Health Minister Sabin Nsanzimana announced efforts to trace and test individuals who may have come into contact with the infected. The Marburg virus, a highly infectious hemorrhagic fever similar to Ebola, has a mortality rate ranging from 24% to 88%. Originating from the African fruit bat, the virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments for the disease, but experimental therapies and vaccines are under evaluation.

Experts are expressing optimism over a newly developed drug for schizophrenia that has shown significant potential in clinical trials. This innovative medication targets specific neurotransmitter pathways in the brain to alleviate complex symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive difficulties. Preliminary studies indicate that patients have experienced notable improvements in their symptoms and overall quality of life. Dr. Sarah Jensen, a leading psychiatrist involved in the research, emphasized the drug’s capability to enhance cognitive function, addressing a major limitation of existing therapies. As further research unfolds, there is hope that this breakthrough could transform treatment strategies for those affected by schizophrenia, providing renewed hope to patients and their families.

Thermobaric weapons, commonly known as “vacuum bombs,” have garnered significant attention due to their devastating effects in conflict zones, particularly highlighted by Russia's recent use of the ODAB-1500 bomb in Ukraine. These weapons utilize atmospheric oxygen to fuel explosive power, resulting in intense blast waves and vacuum effects that can destroy structures and cause catastrophic injuries. While Russia is often associated with thermobaric technology, several nations, including the United States, China, and Iran, have also developed and deployed these powerful bombs. The ethical implications surrounding their use, particularly in populated areas, have sparked debates about regulation and potential bans. Despite these concerns, thermobaric weapons remain vital components of military arsenals globally, showcasing their ongoing significance in modern warfare.

Researchers from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) have made a significant discovery, observing the interaction between a radio jet emitted from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and the surrounding interstellar medium in the dwarf galaxy NGC 4395, located approximately 14 million light years from Earth. This finding challenges existing hypotheses that suggested only large and massive galaxy jets could host AGN powered by massive black holes. The research team utilized data across various wavelengths, including radio, optical, and X-ray, and identified a unique radio structure resembling a bipolar jet centered around the black hole. This groundbreaking study enhances our understanding of AGN behavior in smaller galaxies.

In a significant display of military power, Russian Tu-22M3 bombers executed airstrikes on the garrison located on Snake Island, utilizing advanced KH-22 missiles. The precision strikes resulted in considerable damage to key military positions, further escalating tensions in the region amid ongoing conflicts with Ukraine. Analysts express concern over the potential for a broader escalation of hostilities, with the international community closely monitoring the situation. Calls for dialogue and restraint from global leaders underscore the urgent need to address the volatile circumstances, which pose risks to both military and civilian stability.

India’s defence sector has made a significant leap with the introduction of the ABHED (Advanced Ballistics for High Energy Defeat) lightweight bulletproof jacket, developed in collaboration between DRDO and IIT Delhi. Weighing between 8.2 kg and 9.5 kg, the jacket combines polymers and boron carbide ceramic materials to offer high-strength protection while ensuring soldiers' mobility. Designed with modular armour plates for 360-degree coverage, ABHED meets the Indian Army’s General Staff Qualitative Requirement (GSQR), proving its effectiveness against high-velocity projectiles. Compared to global counterparts like the Interceptor Body Armor (USA), Type 07 body armour (China), and 6B45 jacket (Russia), ABHED stands out for its lighter weight and flexibility. It is a testament to India's commitment to self-reliance in defence manufacturing and is poised to strengthen India’s global defence market position.

Union Minister Shri Manohar Lal inaugurated the Computer Security Incident Response Team – Power (CSIRT-Power) facility at the Northern Regional Power Committee in New Delhi. This initiative aims to bolster cybersecurity within India's vital power infrastructure, addressing the growing threat of cyberattacks that can disrupt essential services. During the inauguration, the Minister highlighted the evolving nature of cyber threats and the need for a proactive defense mechanism. The CSIRT-Power facility will serve as a centralized agency to respond to cybersecurity incidents, promote awareness, and enhance collaboration among stakeholders in the power sector. Its primary objective is to build resilience and ensure the safety of the power infrastructure against emerging cyber threats.

Researchers at the CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Chennai, have achieved significant milestones in nanozyme technology, unveiling innovations that could transform the field of artificial enzymes and biomedical materials. Two recent studies, led by Dr. Amit A. Vernekar and published in Chemical Science, focus on the development of a manganese-based oxidase nanozyme (MnN) capable of crosslinking collagen under mild conditions, preserving its natural structure. This breakthrough offers new possibilities for creating durable and stable collagen-based biomaterials for medical applications. Another study highlights the control of biomolecule interactions in metal-organic frameworks, opening new avenues for more precise and safer artificial enzyme development. These advancements promise safer, more efficient solutions for biomedical applications, particularly in wound healing and tissue engineering.

Epigenetics, a field coined by Conrad H. Waddington in the 1940s, studies heritable changes in gene activity that occur without modifying the DNA sequence. This discipline contrasts with genetic mutations, as epigenetic modifications are reversible and crucial for normal development and disease pathogenesis. Key mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression. Significant milestones in epigenetics reveal the impact of environmental factors on gene function. Notably, conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are linked to epigenetic dysregulation. Advancements in technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9, enable targeted modifications of epigenetic marks, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. Continued research promises to enhance our understanding of the interplay between genetics and the environment, potentially transforming medical diagnostics and treatment approaches.

Astronomers have made a groundbreaking discovery of a new millisecond pulsar, designated PSR J1751–3116A, within the globular cluster Terzan 6, located approximately 21,800 light years from Earth. This finding, detailed in a research paper published on September 17, marks the first known pulsar in the cluster, which had previously been unexplored for such objects. The pulsar has a spin period of about 5.33 milliseconds and a dispersion measure that strongly supports its association with Terzan 6. Researchers, led by Shi-Jie Gao from Nanjing University, believe PSR J1751–3116A likely formed through dynamical interactions within the cluster. The team anticipates further discoveries of pulsars in Terzan 6, suggesting that more sensitive searches using radio telescopes like the Green Bank Telescope and MeerKAT could yield additional findings.

The Union Cabinet, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has greenlit the development of the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), marking a pivotal move toward establishing the Bharatiya Antariksh Station and enabling an Indian crewed lunar landing by 2040. NGLV will offer three times the current payload capacity at 1.5 times the cost of the LVM3 and will feature reusability, promoting low-cost access to space. Designed to transport up to 30 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), the project will involve significant participation from the Indian industry, with a total budget of Rs. 8240 Crore allocated for development, three test flights, and necessary infrastructure. The NGLV is set to play a crucial role in supporting both national and commercial space missions, significantly boosting India’s space ecosystem.

The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the development of the Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM), a groundbreaking initiative aimed at studying Venus. Managed by ISRO, the mission will focus on understanding the Venusian surface, atmosphere, and its transformation from a once-habitable planet. The mission is slated for launch in March 2028 and is expected to provide significant scientific insights. With a total budget of Rs. 1236 crore, VOM will also boost employment and technological advancement in India, involving various industries, academic institutions, and the scientific community.

In a discovery that could rival scenes from a horror movie, entomologists have identified a new wasp species in the United States, named Xenomorphus horribilis. This wasp is notable for its gruesome parasitic behavior, where its larvae develop inside a fly and then burst out of the living host in a dramatic and unsettling exit. This behavior, observed during studies of insect parasitism, highlights a particularly extreme survival strategy. The discovery adds a new layer to our understanding of parasitic interactions and may provide insights into the evolutionary advantages of such extreme behaviors.

Cellulitis, a bacterial skin infection caused by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria, has become increasingly prevalent in the erstwhile Karimnagar district. Once rare and seasonal, the infection is now affecting a significant number of people, particularly those engaged in agricultural and construction work. Characterized by swollen, red skin, pain, fever, and chills, cellulitis typically enters the skin through cracks or breaks. It is not contagious but can spread from insect bites if scratched. While cellulitis can be effectively treated with antibiotics, early diagnosis is crucial to prevent severe complications. Those with compromised immunity or poor personal hygiene are at greater risk.

On September 12 and 13, India marked a significant advancement in its defence capabilities with the successful back-to-back flight tests of the Vertical Launch Short Range Surface to Air Missile (VLSRSAM) at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha. The tests, conducted by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy, demonstrated the missile's precision in intercepting high-speed, low-altitude aerial targets simulating sea-skimming threats. Designed to neutralize various airborne threats such as aircraft, helicopters, drones, and incoming missiles, the VLSRSAM features advanced guidance systems that enhance its targeting accuracy. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh praised the successful efforts, highlighting the system’s role in strengthening the Indian Navy’s air defence capabilities.

A recent study has uncovered a potential link between abnormalities found in arteries during mammograms and an increased risk of heart disease. The research suggests that these mammography findings could serve as an early warning system for cardiovascular health issues. If further validated, this discovery could lead to new screening protocols where mammograms are used not only for detecting breast cancer but also for identifying heart disease. This dual-use approach could enhance early detection and intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have unveiled a groundbreaking brain-inspired analog computing platform that emulates the neural architecture of the human brain. This innovative platform is designed to enhance data storage and processing capabilities, offering superior efficiency and speed compared to traditional digital systems. By mimicking the brain's natural data handling processes, the technology holds promise for advancing artificial intelligence and providing new insights into neuroscience research. The development represents a significant leap forward in computing technology, with potential applications across various fields.

Iran successfully launched the Chamran-1 research satellite into orbit using its Ghaem-100 rocket, marking a significant achievement for the country's aerospace program. The satellite, weighing around 60kg, was developed by Iranian Electronics Industries and is designed to test critical orbital maneuver technology. While Iran celebrates this milestone, Western nations, particularly the United States, express concerns that the technology used in the launch could be adapted for ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads. The Ghaem-100, a three-stage solid-fuel rocket developed by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps, is notable for being the country's first such launcher to send a satellite over 500 kilometers into orbit.

A recent study published in Communications Biology has unveiled significant findings about tardigrades, known for their extraordinary resilience. By reanalyzing 72 to 83 million-year-old amber-encased fossils, scientists have traced the evolution of tardigrades' cryptobiosis ability—their remarkable survival strategy that allows them to endure extreme conditions. The research identified a new tardigrade species, Aerobius dactylus, and provided insights into how cryptobiosis likely evolved in different tardigrade classes. The findings suggest that this survival mechanism might have helped tardigrades survive major extinction events, including the Great Dying, which wiped out about 90% of Earth's species around 252 million years ago. The study enhances our understanding of tardigrades' evolutionary history and their ability to survive catastrophic environmental changes.

The UK has authorized Ukraine to use long-range Storm Shadow cruise missiles to target Russian territory, a significant shift in the ongoing conflict. Previously restricted to operations within Ukraine, these missiles could now strike deep into Russia, escalating tensions. Russia has expressed serious concerns and hinted at revising its nuclear doctrine in response. Meanwhile, India, maintaining diplomatic ties with both nations, is working to mediate peace, with National Security Adviser Ajit Doval visiting Moscow with a proposal from Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The international community remains watchful, fearing the conflict may worsen.

AI-powered Software as a Service (SaaS) platforms are transforming industries by improving operational efficiency, enabling data-driven decisions, and enhancing customer interactions. According to Dr. Gireesh Neyyar, founder of Wayvida, AI integration in SaaS platforms is turning them from tools into valuable assets for businesses. These platforms not only automate tasks but also provide predictive insights, leveling the playing field for small businesses by offering advanced capabilities previously accessible only to larger enterprises. The expansion of AI-powered SaaS is set to continue, driving innovation and reshaping business models across various sectors.

The Government of India has introduced a new website providing a standardized database of technical terms in 22 official Indian languages. Developed by the Ministry of Education, the initiative aims to promote regional languages in specialized fields such as engineering, medicine, and law. The website helps bridge the knowledge gap for non-English speakers, particularly benefiting students and professionals in regional-language institutions. Regular updates and user contributions ensure the terminology remains relevant, supporting India's efforts to preserve linguistic diversity and enhance inclusive education.

Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi inaugurated the ground-breaking ceremony of India's first silicon carbide manufacturing facility, developed by RIR Power Electronics Limited, at EMC Park, Bhubaneswar. With an investment of Rs 620 crore, the facility aims to boost India’s semiconductor power electronics industry, create over 500 jobs, and position Odisha as a key semiconductor hub. The facility will cater to sectors like railway, defence, aerospace, and sustainable energy, while also fostering local innovation and economic growth. RIR Power Electronics is set to collaborate with IIT Bhubaneswar for technical research.

Montelukast, commonly known as Singulair, is a medication used to manage asthma and allergic rhinitis by acting as a leukotriene receptor antagonist. Recent research has raised significant concerns about the health risks associated with its prolonged use. The FDA has issued warnings regarding potential severe side effects, including mood changes, sleep disturbances, and rare cases of suicidal thoughts. Experts advise that Montelukast should be used strictly as prescribed and for the shortest duration necessary. Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are crucial to assess ongoing need and monitor for any adverse effects. While Montelukast remains effective for managing asthma and allergies, its overuse poses serious health risks that patients should be aware of.

On Tuesday, Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated four significant cybersecurity initiatives in Delhi, including the Cyber Fraud Mitigation Centre (CFMC), Cyber Commandos, the Samanvaya Portal, and the Suspect Registry. Speaking at the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre's (I4C) first foundation day, Shah emphasized the essential role of cybersecurity in national security and progress. He advocated for a unified national-level Suspect Registry to enhance coordination across states and called for the use of artificial intelligence to analyze cyber fraud patterns. The CFMC will serve as a central platform for various stakeholders to tackle online financial crimes, while the Cyber Commandos program aims to train 5,000 specialists to bolster cyber defense. The Samanvaya Platform will facilitate comprehensive data management and coordination in cybercrime investigations.

NASA has thrilled space enthusiasts with a stunning new image of the Red Spider Nebula, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. Situated about 3,000 light-years from Earth in Sagittarius, the image highlights the nebula's dramatic features, including orange waves of hot gas that resemble the legs of a black widow spider surrounding a glowing pink core. This striking photograph, credited to the European Space Agency and Garrelt Mellema of Leiden University, has garnered nearly 600,000 likes on social media and sparked widespread discussion, reflecting the public's enduring fascination with space.

On Thursday, the BepiColombo spacecraft, a collaborative mission between the European Space Agency and Japan, made its closest approach to Mercury yet. This flyby yielded high-resolution black-and-white images of the planet’s barren surface, including its south pole and notable craters with unique peak rings. The images provided scientists with unprecedented detail, surpassing expectations. The mission, which launched in 2018, faces a delay in its planned orbit insertion around Mercury due to technical issues with the spacecraft’s thrusters. Despite these delays, BepiColombo’s upcoming observations are anticipated to significantly enhance our understanding of Mercury’s composition, geology, and magnetic field.

In a recent interview with Financial Express, Dr. Annie Arvind, a Consultant in Pediatric Cardiology at the Sri Madhusudan Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SMSIMSR) in Bengaluru, revealed a significant increase in Kawasaki disease cases among children following the second wave of COVID-19. Dr. Arvind noted that many children developed severe heart complications, including myocarditis and coronary artery issues, during this period, leading to prolonged anticoagulation therapy.

On September 6, 2024, The Wall Street Journal reported that Iran has supplied Russia with short-range ballistic missiles, including the Fath-360. Earlier reports indicated that Russian military personnel were being trained in Iran to operate these missiles. The Fath-360, with a range of 120 km and an accuracy of 30 meters, is designed for rapid deployment using truck-mounted launchers. This development has raised significant concerns among Western countries about potential uses against Ukrainian infrastructure. Despite previous similar reports and strong denials from Iran, the situation underscores complex geopolitical dynamics and the challenges in verifying such military transactions. Integration of these missiles into Russia’s battlefield management system could take up to two years, involving extensive testing and adaptation.

India has successfully conducted a test launch of the Agni-4 Ballistic Missile from the Integrated Test Range in Odisha's Chandipur. The missile, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), has a range of 4,000 km and can carry a payload of 1,000 kg. The test validated all operational and technical parameters and was overseen by the Strategic Forces Command under the Nuclear Command Authority (NCA). Agni-4, which was first test-fired in 2012, marks a significant milestone in India's missile program.

The Indian health ministry has approved the BPaLM regimen, a new six-month treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), under the National TB Elimination Program (NTEP). Unlike traditional treatments that last up to 20 months, the BPaLM regimen significantly shortens the treatment duration and improves patient outcomes. With around 75,000 drug-resistant TB patients in India, this cost-effective regimen, which includes the drugs Pretomanid, Bedaquiline, and Linezolid, promises a safer and quicker treatment. A nationwide rollout plan is in place to ensure its widespread availability, with training for health professionals. The initiative is part of India’s effort to tackle its substantial share of global TB cases.

Researchers at the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) in Guwahati, supported by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India, have made a significant breakthrough by discovering that Selegiline, an antidepressant, may be effectively repurposed to treat breast cancer. The study, led by Dr. Asis Bala, highlights Selegiline's anticancer properties, particularly against both estrogen and progesterone-positive (ER+ & PR+) breast cancer cells and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. This discovery could offer a cost-effective alternative to developing new drugs, leveraging the existing drug repurposing strategy. The research, published in Medical Oncology, reveals that Selegiline induces cancer cell death through a mechanism independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits protein kinase C phosphorylation. This groundbreaking study paves the way for further investigation into Selegiline's in vivo efficacy, dosage optimization, and potential side effects.

The Indian Air Force (IAF) has been authorized to acquire 240 Russian jet engines for its Su-30MKI fighter jets, a move aimed at strengthening the IAF’s operational capabilities and maintaining the performance of its aircraft. The Su-30MKI, crucial for India's air superiority and strategic operations, will benefit significantly from these new engines. This procurement underscores the ongoing defense collaboration between India and Russia and highlights India’s commitment to modernizing its defense technology and ensuring its fleet remains cutting-edge.

On August 29, 2024, Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) launched ‘Samudra Pratap,’ the first of two indigenous Pollution Control Vessels (PCVs) for the Indian Coast Guard. This landmark vessel, embodying a 72% indigenous content, signifies a major leap in India’s defense manufacturing and environmental protection capabilities. With a length of 114.5 meters and equipped with advanced pollution control technologies, ‘Samudra Pratap’ is designed to manage oil spills effectively. The launch event, attended by Defense Minister Sanjay Seth and senior officials, highlights the successful collaboration between GSL and the Indian Coast Guard. The vessel enhances the Coast Guard’s ability to respond to oil spills and reinforces India’s commitment to self-reliance in defense and maritime environmental protection.

A video showcasing a tarantula infected by Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, commonly known as the zombie fungus, has captivated the public and gone viral, amassing over 21 million views. The fungus, which primarily affects insects, controls its host's nervous system and consumes its body before sprouting from within to release spores. The footage, shared by Chris Ketola, the Head Field Research Coordinator for Fauna Forever, highlights the rare occurrence of this infection in tarantulas. Reactions to the video have ranged from fear to fascination, reflecting the eerie nature of the fungus's life cycle and its growing prominence due to popular media portrayals.

On August 30, 2024, five individuals fell unconscious while shifting acetanilide powder at the Shravan Shippings godown in Visakhapatnam. The affected workers—G. Ramu, Lakshmi, Latha, Kumari, and Demudu Babu—were hospitalized. The following day, Visakhapatnam Collector MN Harendhira Prasad and local MLA Ganababu visited the hospital to ensure the patients received adequate medical care. The condition of the hospitalized individuals is reported to be under control. Visakhapatnam Commissioner of Police Shankabratha Bagchi also visited the hospital to review the situation.

The Indian government plans to establish foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)-free zones in eight states to combat and eventually eradicate this debilitating livestock disease. The selected states—Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, and West Bengal—will benefit from targeted vaccination campaigns, enhanced surveillance, and farmer training. This initiative aims to improve livestock health, boost productivity, and enhance farmers' incomes while ensuring a safer food supply for the public.

Researchers have developed advanced sensors using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and 2-dimensional (2D) materials for rapid, low-cost detection of health conditions, food quality, and environmental contaminants. These sensors boast high sensitivity and multimode detection capabilities, making them versatile tools for monitoring various environmental factors. In a separate study, the effects of fluoxetine, a common pharmaceutical pollutant, on male guppies were examined, revealing significant behavioral and physiological changes. The findings highlight the pollutant's potential to stabilize behavior, affecting the fish's adaptability to changing environments. The study underscores the need for improved wastewater treatment strategies to protect aquatic ecosystems from the long-term impacts of pharmaceutical pollutants.

Researchers have developed advanced electrochemical and optical sensors using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and 2-dimensional (2D) materials. These innovative sensors are designed for rapid, low-cost detection of health conditions, food quality, and environmental contaminants. With their large surface area, high functionality, and optoelectronic properties, MOFs and 2D materials offer enhanced sensitivity and multimode detection capabilities. The sensors are not only useful for disease detection but also for analyzing food toxins and monitoring environmental quality.

On Tuesday, the Pakistani military completed a successful training launch of its surface-to-surface ballistic missile, Shaheen-II. This exercise focused on training troops, validating technical parameters, and assessing the performance of various sub-systems for enhanced missile accuracy and survivability. Senior officials from the Strategic Plans Division, Army Strategic Forces Command, and strategic organizations were present to observe the launch. The Director General of the Strategic Plans Division commended the scientists for their technical skills and dedication. President Asif Ali Zardari, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, and other top military officials extended their congratulations to the team. This launch follows a successful test of the Fateh-II Guided Rocket System in May, which has a range of 400 kilometers.

The Delhi government has directed three major hospitals in the city to establish specialized isolation rooms to manage the emerging threat of monkeypox. This proactive measure aims to provide a controlled environment for patients suspected of having the virus, ensuring they are kept separate from other patients. The initiative is part of a broader strategy to enhance healthcare infrastructure and improve the management of infectious diseases. By setting up these facilities, the government demonstrates its commitment to public health and aims to prevent the spread of monkeypox within the community.

A two-year-old child from Meghalaya has tested positive for polio, but health officials have confirmed that the case involves a vaccine-derived poliovirus and does not pose a threat to India’s polio-free status. Vaccine-derived polio can occur from the weakened virus used in oral polio vaccines, particularly in children with weakened immune systems. While India has been polio-free since 2014, vaccine-derived cases have been reported. The affected area, West Garo Hills, is under heightened surveillance to prevent further spread. Efforts are being made to immunize children in the region as a precaution. The country continues to use both oral and inactivated polio vaccines, with a focus on maintaining high immunization coverage to prevent outbreaks.

A recent study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals the discovery of vast amounts of liquid water deep within Mars' rocky outer crust, marking the first time such water has been detected on the planet. Researchers from the University of California San Diego utilized seismic data from NASA's Mars Insight Lander to identify a water-filled layer of fractured igneous rock, located 10 to 20 km below the surface. This discovery could provide new insights into Mars' water cycle and climate evolution, and while it doesn't confirm the presence of life, it significantly raises the possibility of finding habitable environments on the planet. However, extracting this water poses significant challenges, complicating future colonization efforts.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a health advisory in response to a noticeable increase in cases of parvovirus B19. This seasonal respiratory virus, known for causing "slapped-cheek disease," spreads through respiratory droplets from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Parvovirus B19 is particularly contagious and can also be transmitted through blood transfusions and plasma derivatives. In children, it typically presents with a bright red rash on the cheeks, while adults may experience prolonged joint soreness. The CDC's advisory emphasizes the importance of awareness and preventive measures to control the spread of this virus.

The Hayflick limit, a biological constraint discovered by Leonard Hayflick in 1961, defines the maximum number of times a human cell can divide before it enters a state of senescence. This limit, typically around 40-60 divisions, is due to the progressive shortening of telomeres—protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. As telomeres shorten with each cell division, cells eventually become unable to divide further, contributing to aging and eventual death. Despite ongoing research into extending telomeres, cell reprogramming, and genetic modifications, overcoming the Hayflick limit remains a significant challenge in the quest for human immortality.

Recent research has identified importin-7 (IPO7) as a critical protein that facilitates the nuclear entry of flavivirus core proteins, essential for efficient viral replication. The study, led by Professor Toru Okamoto from Juntendo University, suggests that blocking IPO7's function could significantly reduce the production of viral particles in diseases caused by Flaviviridae viruses, including dengue, Zika, and West Nile virus. This discovery opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting these globally significant pathogens.

To tackle issues such as delays, clerical errors, and financial loss in pension processing, the Department of Pension & Pensioners' Welfare (DOPPW) introduced the centralized pension processing software, ‘Bhavishya’, effective January 1, 2017. This software, now mandatory for all central civil ministries and departments, aims to streamline the pension process by integrating various stakeholders onto a single platform. As of August 14, 2024, ‘Bhavishya’ has been adopted by 99 ministries/departments, 1,020 offices, and 8,320 Drawing and Disbursing Officers (DDOs), issuing 250,845 Pension Payment Orders (PPOs). The software is ranked 3rd in the National e-Governance Service Delivery Assessment (NeSDA) 2021.

On August 16, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) achieved a significant milestone with the successful launch of the third developmental flight of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), known as SSLV-D3, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. The SSLV-D3 precisely placed the Earth observation satellite EOS-08 into orbit, marking the completion of the SSLV Development Project. This accomplishment enables NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) and India’s private space sector to produce SSLVs for commercial use. The SSLV is designed to offer cost-effective, quick-turnaround launches with minimal infrastructure requirements, distinguishing itself from traditional launch vehicles like the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) by its efficiency and lower cost. Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised the SSLV for its role in advancing space missions and encouraging private industry.

In a surprising development, Earth's oldest and smallest life forms, including extremophiles, are demonstrating remarkable adaptability to climate change. Researchers have found that these ancient microorganisms are not only surviving but may be benefiting from the shifting environmental conditions. Studies reveal that they are expanding their range and increasing their populations as they exploit new niches created by climate change. This adaptation highlights the complexity of climate change impacts, suggesting that while many species struggle, some may find new opportunities in a warming world. Continued research into these organisms could provide valuable insights into how other species might adapt and thrive in changing climates.

In December 2023, German authorities made a significant Captagon seizure, capturing hundreds of kilos of the illicit drug valued at over €58 million. This incident underscores the drug's growing presence in Europe, previously thought to be confined primarily to the Middle East and North Africa, where Captagon is popular among young adults and fighters. Originally a legal drug in the 1960s for treating attention deficit disorders in Germany, Captagon was banned in 1986. The synthetic drug’s reemergence in the early 2000s in illicit markets has led to a thriving black market, particularly in Syria, the world's largest Captagon producer. Syrian President Bashar Assad denies governmental involvement in the drug trade, but reports indicate Captagon's economic significance to the nation, particularly under international sanctions. With Europe potentially becoming a major transshipment zone, coordinated efforts are essential to combat Captagon's production and distribution.

The Gopalganj police department in Bihar was placed on high alert after receiving a report of a potentially dangerous substance suspected to be Californium, a highly radioactive element. After a thorough investigation by a team of experts, it was determined that the substance was harmless. This discovery brought relief to the local community and highlighted the importance of rigorous verification processes in preventing panic. Authorities stressed the need for public awareness and accurate information dissemination, underlining the crucial role of vigilance and preparedness in maintaining public safety.

A recent study highlights the potential of biosurfactants derived from agro-industrial waste as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic surfactants in the food industry. Surfactants are essential for emulsifying fats, improving shelf life, and retaining moisture in food products. However, synthetic additives have raised concerns about gut health and microbiome imbalance. Biosurfactants, produced by microorganisms, offer stable, safe, and effective properties for food applications. Led by Prof. Ashis K Mukherjee and his team at IASST, Guwahati, the research explores advanced production techniques and emphasizes the need for further safety assessments and cost-effective technologies to broaden the market for these natural surfactants.

The US Navy has introduced the AIM-174B missile in the Indo-Pacific region as part of a strategic effort to address China's growing aerial threat. Operational since July, the AIM-174B is the longest-range missile ever deployed by the US, capable of engaging targets up to 400 km (250 miles) away. This missile significantly outperforms China's PL-15, providing US aircraft with a critical edge in aerial combat. The AIM-174B’s extended range enhances the safety of key US assets, such as aircraft carriers, and could influence Chinese military strategies. With its advanced capabilities, the AIM-174B represents a significant shift in the strategic balance in the region.

Researchers from The University of Texas at Austin have made a significant advancement in environmental science by developing a novel method to trace the origin and destination of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known as "forever chemicals." Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic fields, the team has created a technique to track these persistent chemicals, which are notorious for their long-term environmental impact and health risks. The breakthrough allows for precise identification of PFAS through their unique carbon isotope fingerprints, addressing the challenges posed by their exceptionally strong molecular bonds. This advancement not only aids in tracking and regulating PFAS but also opens potential applications in fields such as counterfeit drug detection and astrobiology. The findings were detailed in a paper published in Environmental Science & Technology and represent a promising development in environmental monitoring and regulatory efforts.

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully conducted the first flight test of the Long Range Glide Bomb (GAURAV) from the Indian Air Force's Su-30 MK-I platform. The test, carried out off the coast of Odisha, showcased the bomb's precision with pinpoint accuracy. GAURAV, a 1,000 kg class air-launched glide bomb, utilizes a hybrid navigation system combining INS and GPS data, and was indigenously developed by Research Centre Imarat (RCI) in Hyderabad. The flight was meticulously monitored, and the successful test was praised by Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh and DRDO Chairman Dr. Samir V. Kamat.

Antibiotics, while essential in combating bacterial infections, pose a significant risk to the human microbiome when used irrationally. This article explores the crucial role of the microbiome in maintaining health, the potential consequences of antibiotic misuse—including antibiotic resistance and increased susceptibility to infections—and emphasizes the importance of judicious antibiotic use. It also highlights strategies such as promoting probiotic intake and ongoing research to mitigate these risks and protect the delicate balance of microorganisms in the body.

The Corbett Tiger Reserve has announced a new vaccination program for stray dogs within a 2 km radius of its boundaries. The initiative aims to combat the spread of diseases such as rabies, benefiting both local communities and wildlife. Veterinary teams and animal welfare organizations will carry out the vaccinations, with local residents encouraged to report stray dog sightings to aid the process. The program is designed to improve public health and protect the reserve's wildlife from potential disease outbreaks.

India is on the brink of commissioning its second nuclear-powered submarine, INS Arighat, enhancing its strategic deterrence capabilities. Built at the Ship-Building Centre in Vizag, INS Arighat is equipped with nuclear missiles and is expected to be formally commissioned within one to two months. Concurrently, India is advancing a project to build two nuclear-powered attack submarines with conventional weapons, currently awaiting final approval. The project, initially planned for six submarines, has been reduced to two, with the first expected to be completed in about a decade. This development comes as India seeks to strengthen its naval capabilities in response to China’s expanding submarine fleet. India’s current naval assets include one SSBN, 16 diesel-electric submarines, and a range of conventional submarines, while China boasts a significantly larger and more advanced fleet. The enhancements in India's nuclear and conventional submarines are vital for bolstering its defense posture and maintaining strategic credibility.

Tech billionaire Elon Musk's scheduled interview with former President Donald Trump on X was significantly disrupted due to a major DDOS attack. The attack, which overwhelmed the platform with excessive traffic, delayed the interview and might restrict the number of live listeners. Musk indicated that, in the worst case, the conversation might be available only to a limited live audience, with plans to post it online later. A DDOS attack, or Distributed Denial-of-Service attack, floods a server with traffic to disrupt its normal operations, utilizing compromised computer systems to generate the attack traffic.

A recent study by researchers at Imperial College London suggests that reducing daily exposure limits to silica dust from 0.1 mg/m³ to 0.05 mg/m³ could potentially save approximately 13,000 lives worldwide. The research, published in the British Medical Journal on August 8, 2024, highlights the severe health risks associated with current exposure standards, including the risk of developing silicosis, a serious lung disease. The study indicates that lowering exposure limits could reduce silicosis cases by 77% over a 40-year working lifetime. The findings also emphasize the urgent need for more data on silicosis, particularly in developing countries where safety measures are often lacking.

NASA has officially decommissioned the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), an orbiting telescope that has played a key role in mapping the sky in infrared light since its launch in December 2009. Despite its significant contributions, including the discovery of over 34,000 asteroids and comets, the decision to shut down WISE was driven by the telescope's aging technology and reduced functionality. This move marks the end of an era for infrared space observation as NASA shifts focus to newer, more advanced technologies.

The Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) has issued a critical advisory to combat Koleroga disease affecting arecanut plantations. Koleroga, a fungal disease, poses a serious threat by damaging leaves and reducing yields. The advisory includes essential guidelines such as regular monitoring, use of resistant plant varieties, proper sanitation, and the application of fungicides. Farmers are encouraged to follow these recommendations to control the disease effectively, prevent its spread, and maintain the health of their plantations.

This weekend, skywatchers will enjoy the Perseid meteor shower, which will peak during the late night of Sunday, August 11, and into the early morning of Monday. With minimal moonlight and optimal viewing conditions, this meteor shower is one of the best annual celestial events. The Perseids, known for their bright, swift meteors and spectacular fireballs, will be visible from approximately 11 pm to early morning. The shower is caused by debris from Comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle and offers a unique viewing experience, especially when observed from dark, remote locations away from city lights. For those who cannot watch in person, live streams are available online.

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is on the cusp of finalizing the Pinaka-MK3, a state-of-the-art long-range rocket launcher that will extend India's strike capabilities to 300 kilometers. This advanced system, which boasts improved range, accuracy, and firepower, is a significant upgrade from its predecessors. As a critical component in modern warfare, the Pinaka-MK3 is set to enhance India's defense infrastructure and overall military deterrence. The system will undergo rigorous testing and validation before its anticipated deployment, providing the Indian armed forces with a powerful tool to safeguard national security.

A groundbreaking study published in Nature Communications has settled the debate surrounding the origins of Homo floresiensis, a small archaic human species from Flores, Indonesia. Researchers from Japan, Indonesia, and Australia analyzed 700,000-year-old fossil remains, including a miniature human arm and dental fossils, revealing that early hominins were even smaller than previously estimated. These findings, based on fossils from the Mata Menge site, provide new insights into the evolution and body size of Homo floresiensis, which was previously identified in Liang Bua caves. The study suggests that the small stature evolved over 300,000 years from Homo erectus and highlights the complexities in understanding the lineage and development of this unique species.

A new plant-based supplement, 'NBRI-Gout Out,' developed by CSIR-NBRI, offers a promising natural treatment for gouty arthritic conditions. Aimed at improving the lifestyle of aged and compromised patients, this supplement restores locomotion and alleviates symptoms such as joint pain and stiffness. The herbal product, funded under the Department of Science and Technology's SEED Division, combines five medicinal plants and has shown significant efficacy in reducing uric acid levels and inflammatory mediators in clinical tests. It is water-soluble, cost-effective, and has attracted commercial interest from two companies. The supplement can be used as an adjuvant therapy alongside existing treatments for gout.

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore has developed a cutting-edge footwear technology for armed forces personnel. These shoes, equipped with Tribo-Electric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology, generate electricity with every step, which is stored and can power small electronic devices. Additionally, the shoes feature Global Positioning System (GPS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies for real-time location tracking. The first batch of 10 pairs has been delivered to the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). This innovation, guided by Professor I A Palani and endorsed by IIT Indore Director Professor Suhas Joshi, aims to enhance safety, coordination, and efficiency for military personnel and has potential applications in various civilian sectors, including monitoring seniors, schoolchildren, climbers, and athletes.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has convened an emergency meeting to evaluate the recent surge in monkeypox (Mpox) cases in Congo and neighboring countries. The meeting will determine if the outbreak constitutes a public health emergency of international concern. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has announced that an independent committee will assess the situation. The Democratic Republic of Congo has reported over 27,000 cases and more than 1,100 deaths, with a significant impact on children. Mpox has spread to 10 African nations this year, with over 96% of cases in Congo. The virus, previously declared a global emergency in 2022, is showing a 160% increase in cases this year, primarily affecting youths. Key symptoms include fever, chills, respiratory problems, swollen lymph nodes, and muscle pain.

Astronomers are intently observing Eta Carinae, a hypergiant star approximately 100 times the mass of the Sun, located 7,500 light-years away in the Carina Nebula. Known for its immense size and luminosity, Eta Carinae is a prime candidate for a future supernova. This star's volatile history includes a significant outburst 170 years ago, known as the Great Eruption, which created the distinctive Homunculus Nebula. Despite its past eruptions and current instability, predicting the exact timing of its potential supernova remains challenging. Eta Carinae's unique features, such as emitting natural laser light, and recent Hubble Space Telescope images highlighting its surrounding nebula, add to its enigmatic nature. The anticipated explosion promises to be one of the most significant astronomical events in recent history, offering valuable insights into the life cycles of massive stars.

Astronomers have discovered ten unique neutron stars, or pulsars, in the globular cluster Terzan 5, located 18,000 light-years from Earth. These pulsars are noted for their rapid spinning and peculiar behaviors, including "spider pulsars" that destroy nearby stars with high-energy radiation and a speed demon neutron star that consumes its companion stars. The findings, made using the Green Bank and MeerKAT Telescopes, reveal a diverse range of pulsars within one of the Milky Way's most densely packed star clusters. The research offers new insights into pulsar evolution and opens the door for further studies and public involvement through citizen science projects.

Researchers from Singapore General Hospital (SGH), A*STAR's Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), and NUS Medicine have discovered a new clade of Candida auris, increasing the total number of known clades to six. C. auris is a highly transmissible fungus that poses significant public health risks, particularly to patients with severe medical conditions and invasive devices. The new clade was detected in 2023 in a patient who had not traveled abroad, leading to further investigation and confirmation using machine-learning techniques. This discovery, published in The Lancet Microbe, highlights the need for improved surveillance and early detection methods to manage emerging public health threats.

The central government has unveiled the recipients of the first-ever Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar (RVP) 2024, with the award ceremony scheduled for August 23 at the Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Centre. This event will coincide with the inaugural National Space Day, celebrating the Chandrayaan-3 mission's successful moon landing. The awards include four categories: Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shri, Vigyan Yuva, and Vigyan Team. Notably, biochemist Govindarajan Padmanabhan will receive the Vigyan Ratna Puraskar for lifetime achievements, while the ISRO-Chandrayan 3 Team will be honored with the Vigyan Team Award. The Vigyan Yuva Award will recognize young scientists across various fields, and the Vigyan Shri Award will honor a diverse group of contributors. The RVP awards aim to acknowledge exceptional work in science and technology, without any cash rewards, and are not conferred posthumously except in highly deserving cases.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is preparing to launch the Earth Observation Satellite-8 (EOS-8) on August 15. The satellite will be deployed using the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)-D3 from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. EOS-8, built on the Microsat/IMS-1 bus, aims to advance satellite technology with its three payloads: Electro Optical Infrared Payload (EOIR) for capturing images in MIR and LWIR bands, Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) for remote sensing applications, and SiC UV Dosimeter for monitoring UV irradiance and gamma radiation. The mission, which has a planned lifespan of one year, introduces significant advancements in satellite mainframe systems with the Communication, Baseband, Storage, and Positioning (CBSP) Package.

A recent study has revealed that sucralose, a popular non-nutritive sweetener, can be a beneficial tool for managing blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Sucralose is much sweeter than sugar but contains negligible calories, making it an attractive option for reducing sugar intake without sacrificing taste. The research found that sucralose does not significantly impact blood glucose levels when used properly, supporting better glycemic control and overall diabetes management. Experts recommend including sucralose in a balanced diet while consulting healthcare professionals for personalized advice on sweetener intake.

Bluetongue disease, a viral infection transmitted by biting midges, has been detected across all Dutch provinces. This disease primarily impacts ruminants such as sheep, cattle, and goats. Key symptoms include fever and swelling of the mouth and nose. The Dutch authorities are responding with measures such as vaccination and vector control to manage and contain the outbreak. The widespread nature of the disease poses significant concerns for livestock health and the agricultural sector.

The Union Health Ministry has introduced Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) aimed at optimizing the transport of human organs through air, road, railways, and waterways. These SOPs provide a comprehensive framework for improving the efficiency and safety of organ retrieval and transplantation. Key measures include priority procedures for air transport, creation of green corridors for ambulances, and special protocols for metro transit. The guidelines ensure adherence to best practices, enhance coordination between agencies, and address the critical nature of live organ transport. The SOPs were developed with input from NITI Aayog and transplant professionals, underscoring the importance of streamlined processes in saving lives.

A recent study by the Advertising Standards Council of India and Parallel HQ has uncovered that deceptive design tactics, known as dark patterns, are prevalent in 52 of the 53 mobile applications surveyed. These tactics, including misleading buttons, hidden pricing, and fake urgency, manipulate users into making unintended decisions, such as signing up for costly subscriptions or purchasing additional items without clear disclosure. Coined by user experience designer Harry Brignull in 2010, dark patterns are designed to exploit user behavior for the benefit of app designers and advertisers. The study underscores the need for greater transparency and regulatory measures to protect consumers from these exploitative practices.

Bangladesh faced significant political upheaval on Monday when Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and left the country, following weeks of violent protests over a government jobs quota scheme. The flight carrying Sheikh Hasina, a Lockheed C-130J Hercules military transport jet, became the most tracked flight on Flightradar24.com. The jet departed Dhaka, made a brief stopover in Kolkata, and landed at the Hindon Indian Air Force base near Delhi. Meanwhile, the Bangladesh Army chief announced Sheikh Hasina's resignation and pledged to restore order and justice. The unrest, which began in June, has resulted in nearly 300 deaths and widespread demands for Hasina's resignation, marking the end of her 15-year reign.

The global spread of Lyme disease is being exacerbated by climate change, making it more difficult to diagnose and treat. Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted through tick bites, has become a growing health concern since its identification in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1975. Ticks secrete an anti-inflammatory substance that masks their feeding, allowing the infection to enter the bloodstream undetected.

A groundbreaking study has utilized artificial intelligence (AI) to reprogram glioblastoma cells into dendritic cells (DCs) capable of targeting and destroying cancer cells. Glioblastoma, the deadliest brain cancer with a less than 10% five-year survival rate, has been challenging to treat due to the blood-brain barrier. The research, led by the Keck School of Medicine of USC and supported by the National Institutes of Health, found that this AI-driven method improved survival rates by up to 75% in mouse models. The study also identified specific genes that could be used to convert human glioblastoma cells into DCs. Future research aims to refine this approach, conduct animal testing, and eventually seek clinical trials to evaluate its safety and efficacy in patients.

The Indian Air Force (IAF) has granted approval to the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) to produce 200 Astra air-to-air missiles. These missiles are intended for the IAF's Su-30 and LCA Tejas fighter jets. The clearance was given during a visit to Hyderabad by Deputy Chief Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit. The Astra program aims to bolster India's aerial combat capabilities, with the Astra Mark 1 already in service and development ongoing for the Astra Mark 2. The DRDO is focusing on extending the missile's range beyond the current 100 kilometres. The indigenous missile development initiative began in 2001, led by Hyderabad’s Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL).

At 41, table tennis player Sharath Kamal is leveraging genetic screening to enhance his preparation for the 2024 Paris Olympics. This emerging practice, which began influencing sports in the late 1990s, helps athletes optimize performance by identifying food allergies and nutritional needs. The Indian cricket team adopted genetic testing in 2017 to improve player attributes such as speed and endurance. The scientific basis of these tests involves analyzing DNA to understand how genetic variations affect athletic traits. Notable genes like ACE and ACTN3 have been linked to performance in endurance and strength sports. Despite its benefits, genetic testing has faced criticism for its limitations and the potential for misuse in talent identification.

India has announced a significant financial commitment of $85 million to support the World Health Organization's Global Traditional Medicine Centre. This contribution aims to advance research, establish guidelines, and integrate traditional medicine into global health systems. The investment is set to enhance the Centre’s capabilities, improve worldwide access to traditional medicine, and reinforce international collaboration in the field. India’s pledge highlights its leadership in promoting traditional medicine and its strategic role in global healthcare.

The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) demonstrated the advanced 'Typhoon' vehicle at its Transport Battalion in Chandigarh, marking a key step in modernizing its logistical and operational capabilities. The Typhoon-K, a versatile all-terrain vehicle available in 6×6 and 4×4 variants, is designed for troop transport, cargo delivery, and technical system deployment. It features high-performance diesel engines, automatic transmissions, and a hydropneumatic suspension system for superior mobility and comfort. The vehicle is built to offer robust protection against mines and ballistic threats. Produced locally by Vehicle Factory Jabalpur under license from KAMAZ, the Typhoon supports the 'Make in India' initiative and enhances the ITBP’s operational efficiency and safety.

A team of Indian astronomers has unveiled 34 new giant radio sources (GRSs) using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) near Pune. The discovery, part of the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS), highlights the telescope's capability to map the radio sky at 150 MHz. The team, including PhD students and astronomers from SKBU and MCC, published their findings in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. This research challenges previous notions about GRS environments and distances, revealing sources in dense galaxy clusters and farther from Earth than previously known. The study offers new insights into the evolution of radio galaxies and the role of supermassive black holes in their development.

Recent research has unveiled the presence of naturally occurring graphene flakes in lunar soil, marking a significant advancement in our understanding of this extraordinary material. Conducted by a team of researchers led by Professors Meng Zou and Wei Zhang, along with senior engineer Xiujuan Li and Wencai Ren, the study analyzed a small sample of lunar soil collected by the Chang’e 5 mission in 2020. The discovery, made using specialized spectrometry, identifies graphene layers within the lunar soil, potentially formed by volcanic activity, solar winds, and meteorite impacts. This finding has profound implications for lunar technology, including the development of lightweight, durable materials and advanced electronics. The breakthrough paves the way for future lunar missions and highlights the potential for utilizing lunar resources in space exploration.

INS Shalki, an Indian naval submarine, arrived at the port of Colombo on Friday for a two-day formal visit. The Sri Lanka Navy welcomed the submarine following traditional naval customs. Commanded by Commander Rahul Patnaik, INS Shalki is a 64.4-meter vessel with a crew of 40. During the visit, Sri Lankan naval personnel will engage in an awareness program about the submarine’s operational features. The Commanding Officer also met Rear Admiral Chinthaka Kumarasinghe, Commander of the Western Naval Area. The crew is expected to explore local tourist attractions before INS Shalki departs on August 4. The last Indian submarine visit to Colombo was by INS Karanj on February 3, prior to Sri Lanka's 76th independence anniversary.

A recent study reveals that osmolytes, small molecules crucial for protein stability, play a significant role in preventing protein misfolding under stress. Conducted by Dr. Shubhasis Haldar and Deep Chaudhuri at the S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, the research utilized covalent magnetic tweezers to investigate the interactions between the protein Protein L and two osmolytes, Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and trehalose. The study found that TMAO enhances Protein L's resistance to unfolding at higher concentrations, while trehalose stabilizes the protein's unfolded state. Published in Nanoscale, these findings could pave the way for novel treatments for diseases related to protein misfolding, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Researchers have developed an innovative Zn-air battery device that combines a durable cathode catalyst and anti-freezing electrolyte, making it suitable for remote areas like the Himalayas where conventional batteries fail in extreme cold. The device, created by Dr. Aniruddha Kundu and his team at CSIR-CMERI, features a CoFe/Fe3C alloy/carbide hybrid structure, showing remarkable efficacy in both liquid and solid-state batteries under sub-zero temperatures. This advancement represents a significant step towards sustainable and resilient energy solutions for consumers and military personnel in harsh climates.