The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) successfully defeated Hamas terrorists in Rafah over a three-month operation, focusing on the Philadelphi corridor, a crucial border area with Egypt. This corridor has been vital for Hamas to smuggle weapons and resources, enabling its military operations. Despite international pressure, including warnings from the Biden administration against Israeli actions in Rafah, Israel maintains that control of this corridor is essential to prevent Hamas from re-arming and to ensure regional stability. Historically, Hamas seized control of Gaza in 2007, leading to an increase in rocket attacks on Israel. In 2024, Israel launched operations in Rafah, uncovering over 200 tunnels used by Hamas for smuggling and military training. Maintaining control over the Philadelphi corridor is deemed necessary for Israel to counteract Hamas’s threat and secure its borders.

Australian researchers have identified a monumental impact crater, named the Massive Australian Precambrian-Cambrian Impact Structure (MAPCIS), spanning 600 kilometers across central Australia. Spearheaded by Daniel Connelly and Dr. Arif Sikder from Virginia Commonwealth University, the research indicates that this impact event occurred between 538.8 million and 1 billion years ago, at the end of the Ediacaran period. The discovery includes significant evidence such as deposits of pseudotachylite breccia, shocked minerals like lonsdaleite, and elevated iridium concentrations, all suggesting a cataclysmic event. The implications of this finding could significantly enhance our understanding of Earth's geological and biological evolution. Connelly is set to present their research at upcoming geological conferences, further illuminating this groundbreaking discovery.

In a significant development, UN Member States adopted the Pact along with its annexes, the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration on Future Generations, by consensus. Despite a last-minute proposal from some countries to amend the text to emphasize national sovereignty, the proposal was rejected by the 193-member Assembly. The Pact identifies five key focus areas: sustainable development, international peace and security, science and technology, youth and future generations, and transforming global governance. By endorsing the Pact, member states committed to enhancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), engaging youth in decision-making, building partnerships with civil society, and addressing the root causes of conflicts. The Global Digital Compact sets the framework for the international regulation of artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to ensure technology benefits everyone and addresses risks such as digital divides and cybersecurity. Meanwhile, the Declaration emphasizes the importance of considering the interests of future generations in decision-making processes. UN leaders, including Secretary-General António Guterres, underscored the necessity for global cooperation to address pressing challenges, including the climate crisis and inequality.

In a significant display of military cooperation, Russia and China have commenced extensive naval exercises, codenamed "Ocean-24," in the Sea of Japan from September 10 to September 16, 2024. These exercises, hailed by Russian President Vladimir Putin as the largest in three decades, involve over 400 warships, submarines, and support vessels, along with approximately 90,000 troops and more than 120 aircraft. Spanning multiple bodies of water—including the Pacific and Arctic Oceans—the drills aim to repel large-scale aggression, combat unmanned vehicles, and conduct amphibious operations. The joint maneuvers reflect a deepening alliance between Moscow and Beijing amidst rising global tensions and present a strategic challenge to U.S. interests in the Asia-Pacific region. As the international community closely monitors the situation, the exercises highlight a broader shift in military dynamics and power balance in the region.

On Friday, firefighters raced to contain a significant diesel fuel spill resulting from the sinking of the passenger ship "Adolf Jensen" off Greenland's coast. The ship, which ran aground after hitting a reef, leaked approximately 20,000 litres of diesel fuel into the Nanortalik fjords, threatening the delicate Arctic environment. Although all passengers successfully evacuated, responders faced challenges due to wind, tides, and sea currents. The Danish Navy's Arctic command has been requested for assistance in recovering and treating the leaked fuel. Local authorities have cautioned vessels in the area to navigate slowly to minimize further disturbance.

On Sunday, Yemen's Houthi rebels fired a ballistic missile that struck near Tel Aviv, Israel's commercial center. Houthi leader Abdul Malik al-Houthi claimed responsibility, stating that the missile successfully penetrated Israel's air defense systems. Although there were no casualties, the attack heightened existing regional tensions, especially as the Gaza conflict approaches its first anniversary since the Hamas attack on October 7. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed that the Houthis would "pay a heavy price" for the strike. The missile caused minor damage but underscored the Houthis' growing military capabilities, supported by historical weapons caches and Iranian assistance. The incident raises questions about how a militia in war-torn Yemen can execute such long-range strikes, as the Houthis are increasingly involved in a broader network of Iranian-backed militias.

The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (Incois) has launched a new Integrated Ocean Energy Atlas, highlighting the extensive renewable energy potential within India's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The atlas features marine meteorological sources like solar and wind, and hydrological energy forms including waves, tides, currents, ocean thermal gradients, and salinity gradients. It provides detailed energy estimates at a five-kilometer grid resolution and projects a total integrated ocean energy of around 9.2 lakh terawatt-hours (TWh) annually. Incois Director Dr. T. Srinivasa Kumar emphasized the atlas's importance for shaping energy policies and investments, underscoring the untapped potential of offshore renewable energy to drive India's energy transition and enhance its blue economy.

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar announced that approximately 75% of the disengagement issues along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) between India and China have been resolved. Speaking at Switzerland’s Global Centre for Security Policy, Jaishankar highlighted ongoing concerns about the increasing militarization of the border. The tensions, which began with the deadly clash in Galwan Valley in June 2020, have led to multiple rounds of military and diplomatic discussions. Jaishankar emphasized the need for continued negotiations to achieve full disengagement and restore peace. Meanwhile, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval met with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi at a BRICS meeting to review efforts and stabilize relations. The Ministry of External Affairs stressed the importance of respecting bilateral agreements and maintaining peace for regional and global stability.

The third edition of the INDUS-X Summit took place on September 9-10, 2024, in the United States, marking a significant advancement in the defence innovation collaboration between India and the USA. The event, organized by the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) and Stanford University, featured the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) and the Defence Innovation Unit (DIU) to enhance defence innovation cooperation. Key highlights included the announcement of a new challenge under INDUS-X, the release of the INDUS-X Impact Report, and the launch of the official INDUS-X webpage. The Summit provided a platform for showcasing cutting-edge technologies by startups and SMEs, and facilitated crucial discussions through advisory forums on future technology trends, startup capacity building, and strengthening defence supply chains. Joint Secretary (Defence Industries Promotion) Sh. Amit Satija highlighted the Summit's role in reaffirming the commitment of both countries to advancing defence technology through strategic collaboration.

The Indian Army contingent has embarked on its journey to participate in the 5th edition of the India-Oman Joint Military Exercise, AL NAJAH V, set to be held from September 13 to September 26, 2024, at the Rabkoot Training Area in Salalah, Oman. This biennial exercise, alternating between the two nations, aims to bolster joint military capabilities for counter-terrorism operations under UN Chapter VII. The Indian contingent includes 60 personnel from a Mechanised Infantry Battalion and other units, while the Royal Army of Oman will also contribute 60 personnel from the Frontier Force. The exercise will focus on desert environment operations and include tactical drills such as joint planning, cordon and search operations, and counter drone tactics. AL NAJAH V seeks to enhance interoperability, foster goodwill, and strengthen defense cooperation between India and Oman.

A Russian missile strike on the city of Poltava, Ukraine, resulted in at least 51 deaths and 271 injuries. Key targets included a military academy and a nearby hospital. The attack, which occurred shortly after 09:00 local time, left significant damage, including shattered windows in surrounding buildings. Eyewitnesses described the scene as chaotic and traumatic, with limited time to reach bomb shelters. President Volodymyr Zelensky condemned the attack, calling for enhanced air defenses. International leaders, including UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy and US President Joe Biden, condemned the aggression and expressed support for Ukraine. The Ukrainian government faces criticism and a major overhaul following the attack.

India has recently embarked on a series of significant joint military exercises involving its Army, Navy, and Air Force. These exercises aim to bolster the nation's defense capabilities and strengthen international defense ties. The Indian Army focused on improving coordination with allied forces through complex maneuvers and advanced technology. The Navy conducted maritime drills to enhance naval security in international waters, while the Air Force showcased its advanced aerial combat techniques and strategic airlift capabilities. These activities not only reinforce India’s defense posture but also aim to foster stronger defense partnerships globally, highlighting India’s commitment to regional stability and its role in multinational security operations.