Amrabad Tiger Reserve (ATR), the second largest tiger reserve in terms of core area and sixth largest in total area among Indian reserves, faces significant challenges. Staff shortages and inadequate funding have hindered crucial conservation efforts, including the establishment of forest lines to prevent wildfires and the provision of sufficient base camps and firefighting equipment. Despite improvements in management effectiveness evaluations, ATR struggles to allocate resources effectively, with funds sometimes misdirected to divisions not prone to forest fires. Wildlife enthusiasts hope for ATR's advancement to the 'Excellent' category, but senior officials remain tight-lipped about measures to address these pressing issues.

An explosion rocked Rameshwaram Cafe in Bengaluru's Whitefield area on March 1, leaving at least nine people injured. Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah ruled out a gas leak, suggesting that the blast was caused by an improvised explosive device (IED). CCTV footage captured a man placing a bag in the cafe before the explosion occurred. This incident sheds light on the dangerous implications of IEDs, which are homemade bombs designed to cause damage and casualties. The components, materials, and notable instances associated with IEDs underline the need for heightened security measures and vigilance to prevent such attacks in the future.

The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), established 22 years ago under the Ministry of Power, Government of India, commemorated its Foundation Day on March 1, 2024. The event highlighted BEE's efforts towards energy transition and efficiency, with a theme of "Energy Transition through Electrification and Decarbonization in India." Union Power and New & Renewable Energy Minister, Shri R. K. Singh, graced the occasion, launching various initiatives including Standards and Labeling Programs for Packaged Boilers and Commercial Beverage Coolers. Additionally, the event witnessed the release of the inaugural edition of India EV Digest and the fifth edition of State Energy Efficiency Index, showcasing the nation's progress in adopting energy-efficient technologies. Through technical sessions and exhibitions, BEE reiterated its commitment to promoting sustainable practices and achieving energy security in India's development journey.

Exercise Samudra Laksamana 2024, a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Navy, commenced on 28th February and concluded on 2nd March 2024. The exercise took place at or off Visakhapatnam, India, and involved the participation of Indian Naval Ship Kiltan and Royal Malaysian Ship KD Lekir. The exercise comprised two phases: a harbour phase focusing on professional interactions, subject matter exchanges, and sports fixtures, followed by a sea phase dedicated to joint operations at sea. The primary aim of the exercise was to strengthen bonds and enhance interoperability between the naval forces of India and Malaysia.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled the Vikramaditya Vedic Clock in Ujjain, marking a significant achievement in India's blending of tradition and innovation. Developed by experts, this pioneering timepiece seamlessly integrates ancient Indian calendar systems with modern clock technology. PM Modi emphasized the importance of preserving cultural heritage while embracing technological progress during the inauguration. The choice of Ujjain for the unveiling further highlights India's cultural and historical significance in astrology and astronomy. The Vikramaditya Vedic Clock is expected to draw global attention, showcasing India's rich heritage in the contemporary world.

Researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have uncovered a new species of head-shield sea slug along the coasts of Odisha and West Bengal. Named Melanochlamys Droupadi after President Droupadi Murmu, this distinct species exhibits a striking ruby red spot at its hind end. The discovery, made during routine marine species studies, highlights the rich biodiversity of India's coastal regions. Morphologically different from its counterpart Melanochlamys bengalensis, this new species adds to the growing understanding of marine ecosystems in the Bay of Bengal.

The Union Cabinet, under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved the establishment of the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) with a budgetary support of Rs.150 crore over five years (2023-24 to 2027-28). This initiative stems from India's pivotal role in conserving big cats and other endangered species. The IBCA aims to bring together 96 big cat range countries, non-range countries, conservation partners, and corporate entities to address poaching and habitat loss. With a focus on replicating successful conservation practices, integrating biodiversity policies with sustainable development goals, and securing financial support, the alliance seeks to ensure the long-term conservation of big cats and their habitats.

A recent study explores the potential of pyrolysis technology to address pressing environmental and socioeconomic challenges in rural India. Pyrolysis, a chemical recycling process, transforms organic waste into valuable products such as bio-oil, syngas, and biochar fertiliser. Researchers conducted surveys in Odisha, revealing a strong desire among rural households to switch to cleaner cooking options and access reliable electricity. The study proposes the BioTRIG system, a community-level pyrolysis initiative, to utilize locally generated waste for energy production and soil enhancement. With promising environmental and economic impacts, BioTRIG could emerge as a sustainable solution for rural development and waste management in India.

The blooming of jacaranda trees, a beloved spectacle in Mexico City's urban landscape, has taken an unexpected turn as some trees started blooming as early as January, contrary to their usual spring awakening. This early blooming phenomenon has raised concerns among scientists and residents, prompting investigations into its correlation with climate change. Led by researcher Constantino Gonzalez, efforts are underway to collect comprehensive data and utilize satellite imagery to understand the extent and causes of this shift in bloom patterns. While jacaranda trees hold historical significance in Mexico City's landscape, with roots tracing back to the late 19th century, the abnormality of their early blooming has spurred public awareness regarding the impacts of climate change on urban ecosystems and wildlife populations. Residents express both appreciation for the beauty jacaranda trees bring to the city and concern over the implications of climate change on their blooming patterns, highlighting the need for further research and action to address environmental challenges.

A recent study published in the journal Royal Society Open Science highlights the concerning trend of decreasing body size among critically endangered North Atlantic right whales. Researchers analyzed decades of data and discovered a significant correlation between smaller body size in females and reduced breeding success. The study emphasizes the importance of protecting these whales, whose population stands at a precarious 356 individuals, to prevent further decline and potential extinction. Conservation efforts must address the various threats these whales face, including vessel strikes and entanglement in fishing gear, to ensure their survival.

A recent study led by researchers from the European Geosciences Union (EGU) investigates future water storage changes over the Mediterranean, Middle East, and North Africa (MENA) regions. The study focuses on the impact of global warming and a climate intervention method known as stratospheric aerosol intervention (SAI) on water storage dynamics. MENA, already one of the most water-stressed regions globally, faces challenges including dry climate, intensifying droughts, and increasing population. The study projects a decrease in terrestrial water storage (TWS) in wetter areas around the Caspian and Mediterranean seas but an increase in most of the MENA region due to global warming. Stratospheric aerosol intervention (SAI) emerges as a potential strategy to mitigate these effects by mimicking the cooling impacts of volcanic eruptions. The findings provide insights into future water availability trends and underscore the importance of proactive measures to address water stress in the MENA region.

At the recent COP28, an agreement was reached to establish a Loss and Damage Fund aimed at assisting nations most affected by climate change. However, the operationalization of the fund is facing significant delays due to a lack of nominations from developed countries for the board governing the fund. While developing nations have promptly nominated members, developed countries lag behind, potentially jeopardizing the timely disbursement of funds pledged at COP28. Disagreements among developed nations over seat allocation further compound the issue. The delay raises concerns about meeting the fund's operational deadlines and underscores the urgency for swift action to address the climate crisis.

In a significant discovery, researchers investigating the effects of climate change in the Arctic have uncovered a concerning phenomenon: the release of radioactive radon gas from beneath the icy layers of thawing permafrost. Radon, a silent but potent carcinogen, poses a serious health risk, particularly through prolonged inhalation leading to lung cancer. The accelerated thawing of permafrost due to rising global temperatures has amplified this danger, potentially releasing hazardous substances, including radon, into the environment. Dr. Elena Petrov, a prominent Arctic environmental researcher, stresses the urgency of addressing this issue, highlighting its contribution to the complexity of the climate crisis and the associated public health risks. Efforts to mitigate radon emissions from thawing permafrost are underway, emphasizing the need for improved monitoring systems and greenhouse gas emission reduction measures. This revelation underscores the interconnectedness of environmental and public health challenges posed by climate change, calling for collective action to safeguard both the planet and its inhabitants.

Amidst rising concerns regarding the impact of flooding on communities and ecosystems, a committee led by environmental experts and policymakers is working diligently to establish a comprehensive definition for river floodplains. The committee, set with a deadline for April 18, aims to encompass geographical, ecological, and hydrological aspects of these crucial natural features. With climate change exacerbating extreme weather events, especially riverine floods, the initiative seeks to address challenges faced by flood-prone areas. Through collaboration among various stakeholders, including environmental scientists and community leaders, the committee aims to standardize the definition to streamline flood management strategies, enhance zoning regulations, and improve disaster preparedness. This proactive approach not only aims to protect lives and property but also promotes the conservation of natural habitats and biodiversity. As the deadline approaches, the committee remains committed to rigorous research and stakeholder consultations to deliver a robust framework for future flood management practices.

In a well-planned effort to enrich the biodiversity of the Kali Tiger Reserve, 40 spotted deer, comprising adults and juveniles, were recently relocated from the Mysuru Zoo to their new habitat. Executed by a team of wildlife experts, the operation aimed to mitigate inbreeding risks among the deer population at the zoo while bolstering the prey base for carnivores in the reserve. The meticulous process involved careful selection, health assessments, and acclimatization procedures spanning several months. Under the supervision of wildlife veterinarians, the deer were transported to the reserve, adhering to strict protocols to ensure their safety and minimize stress. Upon arrival, the deer underwent quarantine before being released into designated areas conducive to their natural behavior. This collaborative effort between the Karnataka Forest Department, conservation organizations, and local communities signifies a proactive approach to safeguarding biodiversity. The successful translocation underscores the importance of conservation measures in preserving endangered species and enhancing ecological resilience for future generations.

Amidst the ongoing farmers' protests against controversial agricultural laws in India, the participation of Nihang Sikh warriors has added a unique dimension to the movement. Recognized for their distinctive attire and revered for their bravery throughout history, the Nihangs bring a sense of tradition and cultural heritage to the forefront of the modern struggle. Their involvement highlights their commitment to the cause, symbolizing unity and diversity within the protests. Despite government pressure, the presence of Nihang Sikh warriors injects renewed determination and serves as a beacon of hope for the farmers' ongoing fight for their rights.

The Gujarat Assembly was informed about the alarming rate of exotic animal deaths at the Sardar Patel Zoological Park, commonly known as Jungle Safari, situated within the Statue of Unity complex. According to official records, 38 out of 295 exotic birds and animals translocated from abroad and other states have perished within the past two years. Despite an expenditure of over Rs 4 lakh on these animals, concerns regarding their well-being persist. The casualties include various species such as alpacas, wallabies, conures, pheasants, toucans, deer, monkeys, and crocodiles. Previous disclosures indicated respiratory and cardio-pulmonary arrests as major causes of death. The zoo's management has faced criticism over alleged neglect in the translocation process, raising questions about the overall care provided to these exotic animals.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed a gathering in Varanasi, his parliamentary constituency, on the occasion of Sant Ravidas' 647th birth anniversary. He welcomed attendees, particularly noting the significant presence of people from Punjab, likening Varanasi to a "mini-Punjab." Modi criticized the opposition for allegedly exploiting caste divisions and prioritizing personal interests over the welfare of marginalized communities. Before his speech, Modi inaugurated a newly erected statue of Sant Ravidas in Varanasi.

A delegation from the World Bank has embarked on discussions with the Goa state government to pioneer the creation of the first sub-national climate resilient green fund in the region. This initiative aims to bolster Goa's transition towards renewable energy adoption. Through a blended finance scheme, involving collaboration with entities such as NABARD, SIDBI, and Power Finance Corporation, the endeavor seeks to alleviate the financial burden associated with green initiatives for both the state and MSMEs. Upon operationalization, a project management unit will supervise the fund's activities, facilitating the submission of proposals for carbon and climate-resilient investments. The partnership underscores the pivotal role of finance in propelling Goa's green ambitions, with the fund set to serve as a template for similar initiatives nationwide. This endeavor stems from Chief Minister Pramod Sawant's commitment to a 100% renewable energy plan for Goa and is poised to support the state's endeavors towards sustainability and climate resilience.

Conservationists have taken proactive steps to rescue the Purple Frog species from extinction by announcing the establishment of a dedicated fund. The Purple Frog, also known as Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis, is a unique amphibian native to the Western Ghats of India and is considered a 'living fossil' due to its distinct appearance and ancient lineage. Threatened by habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change, the Purple Frog's population has dwindled to an estimated low thousands, necessitating urgent action. The newly established fund aims to support research initiatives, habitat restoration projects, and community outreach programs to raise awareness about the importance of preserving the Purple Frog's habitat. Collaborations with local communities and government agencies are underway to implement sustainable conservation strategies. This initiative serves as a beacon of hope amidst the global loss of biodiversity, emphasizing the significance of proactive conservation measures in safeguarding our planet's natural heritage.

A collaborative effort between conservationists and local communities in Kerala, India, has led to the first-ever documentation of nesting evidence and the discovery of a breeding population of the incredibly rare Cantor's giant softshell turtle. This species, known for its secretive nature and endangered status, has long been a focus of concern among conservationists due to habitat destruction and overharvesting. By engaging with villagers living near the Chandragiri River, conservationists were able to gather crucial information about the turtle's habitat and behavior, leading to the successful documentation of female nesting and the rescue of eggs from flooded nests. The findings, published in the journal Oryx, underscore the importance of local knowledge in conservation science and pave the way for innovative conservation efforts, including the establishment of a community hatchery and nursery. This discovery marks a significant step forward in the conservation of the Cantor's giant softshell turtle in India.

A national campaign, "Naanoo Rani Chennamma" (I am Rani Chennamma too), is set to begin in Kittur, Karnataka, marking 200 years since Rani Chennamma's valiant resistance against British colonial forces. Born in 1778 in Kagati, Karnataka, Rani Chennamma, the Queen of Kittur, defied the British East India Company's attempt to annex her kingdom under the 'doctrine of lapse'. Organized by social groups like ANHAD and NFIW, the campaign aims to mobilize women to confront patriarchal and casteist forces, echoing Chennamma's spirit of resilience and courage. Despite her imprisonment and eventual death in 1829, Rani Chennamma's legacy remains a beacon of inspiration for women's empowerment and social justice.

Archaeologists have made a significant discovery in Mudimanikyam village, Nalgonda district, where they unearthed two Badami Chalukya temples dating back 1,300-1,500 years and a label inscription from around 1,200 years ago. These temples, showcasing Kadamba Nagara architecture in the Rekha Nagara format, represent a unique example in Telangana. Dr. MA Srinivasan of PRIHAH emphasizes the historical importance of these temples, comparing them to the few surviving ones at Alampur. Dr. Munirathnam Reddy of the Archaeological Survey of India provides insights into the label inscription's potential meaning and attributes the nearby Panchakuta temples to the same Badami Chalukya period.

In a recent development, the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) is actively working to obtain UNESCO recognition for the annual 'Paruveta' festival celebrated at the Sri Narasimha Swamy temple in Ahobilam, Andhra Pradesh. Also known as the 'mock hunting festival,' Paruveta holds significant cultural and communal importance, symbolizing harmony among communities. With origins tracing back to the legend of Lord Vishnu's incarnation as Narasimha and his connection with the Chenchu tribal traditions, the festival involves unique rituals including the 'Narasimha Deeksha' and lasts for forty days, distinguishing it from similar celebrations in other temples. The nomination for UNESCO recognition is currently being reviewed by the Sangeet Natak Academy, designated for such evaluations.

India's President, Droupadi Murmu, embarked on a visit to Great Nicobar, where a multi-billion dollar development project is planned to transform the island into a bustling shipping hub and tourist destination. However, the project has sparked concerns among experts regarding its potential impact on the indigenous Shompen tribe, who call the island home. Despite warnings of genocide and irreversible consequences for the tribe, the government remains steadfast in its plans, emphasizing economic growth and geopolitical interests. The looming threat of extinction for the Shompen tribe underscores the complex balance between development and preservation of indigenous cultures.

The article discusses the upcoming relocation of four bone fragments of Lord Buddha, known as Kapilvastu Relics, to Thailand after a hiatus of approximately 30 years. These relics, along with the remains of two chief disciples of Buddha, Sariputta and Maha Moggallana, will be exhibited in various cities of Thailand, allowing devotees to pay homage. The relics, discovered during excavations in Uttar Pradesh, hold immense historical and cultural significance. The article highlights the preparations, historical context, travel arrangements, and the diplomatic and cultural significance of this event. Additionally, it presents multiple-choice questions (MCQs) to test comprehension of the key points discussed.

UC Santa Barbara researchers have suggested an innovative approach to combatting climate change by utilizing anoxic marine basins for large-scale carbon sequestration in the deep ocean. Published in AGU Advances, their proposal involves sinking plant biomass to oxygen-free zones on the seafloor to prevent CO2 and methane release into the atmosphere. Despite potential benefits, concerns remain regarding ecological and chemical impacts on marine ecosystems. Through the examination of specific basins, such as the Black Sea, the researchers identify promising candidates for effective carbon storage. This approach has garnered attention from private investors, emphasizing the growing importance of exploring carbon sequestration strategies in the face of climate change challenges.

In an unexpected turn, a group of residents from Lodrani, located 51km from the renowned World Heritage Site of Dholavira in Kutch, embarked on an excavation journey in search of gold. However, their efforts led to the discovery of something far more significant - a Harappan-era fortified settlement. Led by archaeologists Ajay Yadav and Professor Damian Robinson from Oxford's School of Archaeology, the excavation unearthed a site named Morodharo, which exhibited striking architectural resemblances to Dholavira. The discovery, formally identified in January, yielded a plethora of Harappan pottery, dating back to approximately 4,500 years ago. Notably, the findings highlight the dependence of both Dholavira and Morodharo on the sea, suggesting navigable waters despite the nearby desert. This accidental discovery brings to light an overlooked piece of India's antiquity and underscores the importance of local initiatives in preserving historical heritage.

The Fourteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS COP 14) saw the adoption of the Initiative for the Central Asian Flyway, spearheaded by India. Supported by BirdLife International and 30 other governments, the initiative aims to establish a platform for conservation efforts and ecological connectivity along the Central Asian Flyway. BirdLife highlighted the declining populations of over 240 migratory bird species within the flyway, emphasizing their cultural significance to local communities. Raghu Prasad from the Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change of India stated that the initiative would facilitate capacity building, knowledge sharing, and coordination among all range countries. The initiative also addresses key threats faced by migratory birds and seeks to develop and enforce a Programme of Work aligned with CMS resolutions and plans.

The Forest Department has initiated a comprehensive conservation campaign aimed at preserving ecosystems within forested areas. With a primary focus on protecting the dwindling tiger population and curbing forest fires, the campaign employs strategic measures such as enhancing tiger habitats, mitigating human-wildlife conflicts, and integrating advanced monitoring systems for early detection of fires. By fostering coexistence between local communities and wildlife, the initiative not only aims to reduce retaliatory killings of tigers but also instill a sense of stewardship among residents living near forested areas. This forward-thinking approach underscores the department's commitment to biodiversity conservation and emphasizes the importance of collective action in safeguarding natural heritage amidst habitat loss and climate change challenges.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has released comprehensive guidelines for the clinical management of diphtheria, addressing the urgent need for evidence-based practices, particularly in regions experiencing outbreaks. These guidelines emphasize the use of Diphtheria Antitoxin (DAT) and macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, erythromycin) over penicillin antibiotics. Additionally, recommendations for supportive care and the importance of local antimicrobial susceptibility testing are highlighted to ensure effective treatment and prevent complications associated with diphtheria.

In a remarkable find, scientists stumbled upon a peculiar occurrence in the Western Ghats of India: a mushroom sprouting from the side of a living frog. This discovery, reported on June 19, 2023, near the Kudremukha ranges in Karnataka, marks the first instance of such an observation. The frog, identified as a Rao’s Golden-backed frog, exhibited a white growth resembling a Bonnet mushroom. While experts speculate on the conditions facilitating this phenomenon, concerns arise regarding its potential implications for amphibian health, particularly amidst existing threats like the Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis fungus. However, conclusive identification and understanding of the mushroom's impact necessitate further investigation, including genetic analysis and sampling.

The Ministry of Coal, Government of India, is organizing an Industry Interaction event on February 16, 2024, in Hyderabad, aimed at fostering the development and proliferation of coal/lignite gasification projects across the nation. With an approved scheme providing Rs. 8,500 crore of investment outlay, the ministry seeks to support projects by Government PSU’s, Private Players, and Small Scale Projects. This initiative aligns with the government's vision to diversify energy sources and reduce dependence on imported fuels while mitigating environmental impact. The event will bring together key stakeholders, including policymakers, industry leaders, and investors, to discuss opportunities and challenges associated with coal/lignite gasification projects. Shri Amrit Lal Meena, Secretary, Ministry of Coal, will be the Chief Guest, joined by Shri P.M. Prasad, Chairman, Coal India Limited. All interested stakeholders are invited to contribute to shaping the future of energy in India through coal gasification initiatives.

A male tiger from the Kanha Tiger Reserve was relocated to Mukundpur Safari in Satna due to concerns about its behavior, particularly its tendency to approach humans, making it unsafe for release into the wild. The tiger, originally brought from Dubri area of the Sanjay Gandhi Tiger Reserve in January 2023, underwent training for reintroduction into the forest ecosystem at Ghorela Bagh Bada within the Mukki range. Despite displaying natural hunting instincts, its behavior of drawing near to humans and exhibiting curiosity upon detection raised red flags regarding its suitability for release. Following directives from the chief wildlife warden, the decision was made to transfer the tiger, named Wagh, to the Mukundpur Safari in Satna. Wildlife officials and veterinarians darted Wagh on Thursday morning, and after undergoing a thorough health examination, it was transported to Mukundpur Safari in a specially equipped vehicle.

A group of archaeology students and professors in Tamil Nadu unearthed a rare and ancient stone statue of Mahavir, the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. Found near Thiruchuli in Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, the statue is estimated to be approximately 1000 years old. Discovered half-buried in a farmer's garden, the granite statue is intricately carved, depicting Mahavir seated on a throne with mythical creatures and attendant deities. Believed to belong to the 11th century AD, the statue sheds light on Jainism's presence in the region. The archaeologists have reported their finding to the Department of Archaeology, recommending preservation and public display in a government museum. This discovery underscores Tamil Nadu's rich cultural heritage and highlights the coexistence of diverse religious traditions in the region's history.

Two male Hanuman langurs managed to escape from their enclosure at Vandalur Zoo, raising significant safety concerns among zoo authorities and visitors alike. The incident, attributed to negligence on the part of the animal keeper, occurred despite established protocols for enclosure maintenance. Fortunately, the langurs did not pose a threat to the keeper or visitors. Efforts are underway to recapture the escaped langurs using tracking teams and animal trap cages. Additionally, the incident sheds light on the recent animal exchange program between Vandalur Zoo and Kanpur Zoo, where various endangered and threatened species were exchanged, including Egyptian vultures and Himalayan Griffon.

A team of archaeological researchers recently uncovered a significant artefact, an eighth-century Kotravai sculpture, near Ulundurpet in Kallakurichi. Led by Raj Paneer Selvam and his team, the sculpture, measuring five feet in height and four feet in width, dates back 1,200 years to the Pallava period. Notable for its intricate details and local artistic style, the sculpture depicts Kotravai with eight hands, adorned with various symbolic elements like chakkara, sword, and bell. Standing atop a buffalo with two guards flanking each side, the sculpture is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the region. This discovery sheds light on the religious and artistic practices of the Pallava era and adds to the understanding of ancient Tamil Nadu's history and civilization.

Hexagon, a leading reality technology solutions company, has successfully digitized the historic Qutub Shahi tombs in Hyderabad, creating a digital twin of the site. Utilizing advanced drone scanners, Hexagon captured over 10.7 billion data points covering a 10,000-square-meter area in just 8 minutes. The high-precision data, with accuracy up to 1 centimeter, facilitated the creation of a detailed digital model of the tombs. This digital twin offers various benefits, including aiding in understanding, testing, decision-making, and real-time analytics. The presentation of the digital twin demonstrates the integration of innovative technologies to preserve historical sites while advancing smart city initiatives. Hexagon's technological integration, including 3D scanning and geospatial mapping, showcases its commitment to innovation. With its largest R&D center in India housing over 2,000 engineers and developers, Hexagon continues to lead in reality technology solutions globally.

Officials in Oregon have confirmed a rare case of bubonic plague in a human, believed to have been transmitted by a pet cat. Bubonic plague, infamous for its historical impact during the "Black Death" pandemic, is a rare occurrence in developed countries today. The patient, whose identity remains undisclosed, is undergoing treatment. Measures have been taken to provide medication to close contacts of the patient and their pet to prevent further spread. Symptoms of the plague include fever, nausea, weakness, chills, and muscle aches, with potential progression to more serious conditions if not diagnosed early. Despite its rarity in Oregon, authorities are vigilant due to the historical context of the Black Death pandemic and are closely monitoring the situation to prevent further cases.

The Andhra Pradesh government has taken decisive action to safeguard Olive Ridley turtles along the Kakinada coast by imposing a month-long fishing ban effective from February 15. This measure comes in response to recent incidents of turtle mortalities spanning a 12-km stretch, including the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary. The ban, covering a 5-km radius of Hope Island, prohibits all fishing activities, including the movement of traditional and mechanised boats. Cooperation from Kakinada Sea Port authorities and various government departments, such as Forest, Fisheries, Customs, and Marine Police, ensures strict enforcement through patrols. Additionally, forest authorities are engaging with local communities to seek their support in turtle conservation efforts. The proactive steps aim to mitigate threats to Olive Ridley turtles during their breeding season and promote their long-term survival.

Parents of a Class 9 girl studying in a government higher secondary school in Chatram Kudiyiruppu submitted a petition to Collector K P Karthikeyan, alleging that their daughter's vision was affected after acid splashed on her eyes while attending class in the school's laboratory. They claimed that due to insufficient classrooms, the laboratory was converted into a classroom, leading to the unfortunate incident. The parents criticized the school administration for what they perceived as apathy in handling the situation and demanded compensation for their child, along with additional classrooms. While the Collector instructed school education officials to investigate the matter, the Chief Educational Officer mentioned that the administration is yet to check on the affected student.

An invasive species, Cuscuta dodder, originally from North America, is spreading through Chengalpet forests and Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, posing a significant threat to the local ecosystem and migratory bird habitats.

In a significant move towards enhancing wildlife tourism and conservation efforts, Bor Tiger Reserve (BTR) has announced ambitious expansion and development plans. Securing Rs1 crore for infrastructure development, BTR aims to initiate wildlife safaris in newly incorporated forest ranges, including Bangdapur and Hingni. Post-monsoon tourism in 2023 already showcased promising revenue figures, with nearly 3,000 visitors generating over Rs18 lakh. Moreover, eco-tourism initiatives promise economic benefits for local communities while prioritizing environmental sustainability. Beyond Bor, wildlife conservation initiatives in neighboring regions further underscore the commitment towards safeguarding biodiversity and promoting responsible tourism.

India continues to demonstrate significant engagement in the annual Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC), showcasing remarkable citizen science and enthusiasm for birdwatching. With over a thousand birdwatchers participating across the country, India has maintained its position as a key contributor globally. In 2024, it secured the third position worldwide for the number of reported bird species, closely following Colombia and Ecuador. Additionally, India claimed the second spot for the number of uploaded bird lists, emphasizing its commitment to avian conservation efforts. The event not only serves as an enjoyable experience for birdwatchers but also contributes valuable data for understanding avian populations and conservation needs in India. Through coordinated efforts by Bird Count India, alongside the GBBC, campuses across the country also participate in the "Campus Bird Count," highlighting the importance of monitoring bird populations in non-protected habitats. Overall, the GBBC in India fosters a sense of appreciation for birdlife while making significant contributions to citizen science and conservation initiatives.

The Odisha government has officially designated the Gupteswar forest in Koraput district as its fourth Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS). Situated adjacent to the Gupteswar Shiva temple within the Dhondrakhol reserve forest under the Jeypore forest division, this forest spans 350 hectares and holds significant cultural and ecological value. Prior to this declaration, the State government had recognized three other sites as Biodiversity Heritage Sites: Mandasaru in Kandhamal district, Mahendragiri in Gajpati, and Gandhamardan in Bargarh and Bolangir districts. The Gupteswar forest is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including several rare and endangered species. The government has initiated plans for intensive conservation and development of these sites, involving direct participation from local communities, with an allocated budget of ₹35 lakh for action plan preparation and awareness activities.

Hidden amidst the labyrinthine lanes of Hastsal village in West Delhi's Uttam Nagar, the Hastsal Minar stands as a testament to the region's rich historical legacy. Despite its Grade A heritage status, this medieval tower remains veiled in mystery, sparking local legends and scholarly discourse. Constructed in 1634 during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan, the minar boasts typical Mughal architectural features, yet its origins continue to intrigue historians and locals alike. From tales of Prithviraj Chauhan's elephant house to scholarly debates on its multifunctional use, the minar's significance transcends time. As efforts to uncover its secrets persist, the Hastsal Minar stands as a silent witness to the passage of history, awaiting further exploration and understanding.

Birders have recently observed an early onset of reverse migration among bird species, indicating a shift in seasonal patterns from winter to summer. Notably, the sighting of the fire capped tit, a Himalayan bird known for migrating to southern India during winter, has raised interest among experts. This observation, along with the presence of other species like the black redstart, suggests a change in migratory behaviors. Experts attribute the early migration to milder winters in central India and individual variations among bird populations. These findings underscore the complex relationship between seasonal changes and bird migration, impacting the biodiversity of the region.

The absence of the Great Indian Bustard (GIB) from the Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh for several years signals a potential risk of local extinction. Despite regular surveys, the birds have not been spotted, raising concerns about their dwindling population. With fewer than 140 individuals globally, GIBs are classified as critically endangered, with the majority found in the arid grasslands of Thar, Rajasthan. To combat this threat, a conservation breeding program was initiated in 2019, involving collaboration between government agencies and international partners. Recent milestones include the successful natural breeding of captive-reared birds, offering hope for the species' survival. However, concerted efforts are needed to establish a sustainable population and prevent the irreversible loss of this iconic bird species.

Former vice-president M. Venkaiah Naidu and Union Minister for Culture, Tourism, and Development of the Northeast Region G. Kishan Reddy will inaugurate the Sangeet Natak Akademi’s ‘Dakshin Bharat Sanskritik Kendra’ in Hyderabad. Additionally, a foundation stone for the 'Bharat Kala Mandapam auditorium' will be laid at the Centre for Cultural Resources and Training campus in Madhapur. The official function, to be held at the Shilpa Kala Vedika in Hi-Tec City, will include a cultural program honoring the legendary musician-singer Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao. The establishment of the 'Dakshin Bharat Sanskritik Kendra' aims to preserve and promote South India's rich cultural heritage, while the Ministry of Culture recently celebrated the 100th birth anniversary of Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, recognizing his significant contributions to music and freedom fighting. The event will also feature the felicitation of recent Padma awardees from the Telugu states.

SpiceJet, a leading no-frills carrier in India, is navigating through turbulent times marked by financial woes and operational challenges. In a bid to address these issues, the airline is planning significant layoffs, targeting around 1,000 employees initially, with potential for further reductions. The decision comes as SpiceJet aims to align its workforce with the reduced fleet size, streamline operations, and cut costs. Amidst efforts to secure funds and implement strategic initiatives, the airline faces hurdles in maintaining its position in India's competitive aviation market, despite its once-prominent standing.

In today's market update, the Indian rupee exhibited strength against the US dollar, appreciating by 8 paise to 82.99 in early trading. This appreciation was observed amidst a decline in the value of the American currency globally. Additionally, expert opinions suggest that investors are eagerly awaiting the release of US inflation data on Tuesday for further market cues. Meanwhile, the dollar index marginally decreased, and Brent crude futures experienced a slight decline to USD 81.77 per barrel. In domestic equity markets, both the BSE Sensex and the NSE Nifty witnessed modest declines. Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) were net buyers in the capital markets on Friday, while India's forex reserves surged by USD 5.736 billion to USD 622.469 billion for the week ended February 2, according to the Reserve Bank's report.

Forest authorities have taken decisive action against the rampant teak smuggling within the Kawal Tiger Reserve by suspending six staff members across three districts. The suspension orders were issued jointly by Kaleshwar Zone CF Shantharam, Basar CF Sharavan, and Nirmal DFO Ramakrishna. The suspended staff include section and beat officers from Nirmal, Mancherial, and Komaram Bheem Asifabad districts. This action underscores the commitment of forest authorities to combat illegal activities threatening the conservation efforts within the reserve.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to embark on a two-day official visit to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) starting from February 13. The visit aims to bolster the already warm and multi-faceted relations between India and the UAE. During his visit, PM Modi will engage in various diplomatic activities, including bilateral meetings with UAE leaders, participation in the World Government Summit 2024, and the inauguration of the first Hindu temple in Abu Dhabi.

Nestled within the rich cultural tapestry of India lies Dhokra Shilpkala, a tradition dating back over 4,000 years. Originating from tribal communities in regions such as Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha, this ancient art form involves intricate metal casting using the lost-wax technique. Despite facing challenges such as urbanization and mechanization, efforts are underway to preserve Dhokra Shilpkala, with entrepreneurs like Nisha Bothra leading the way through initiatives like Ocher Studio, blending traditional craftsmanship with contemporary aesthetics.

The National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) recently postponed its decision regarding the Karnataka government's proposal to divert forest land from the Kali and Sahyadri tiger reserves for the construction of a part of the Kalasa Nala water diversion scheme. The Standing Committee of NBWL discussed the matter in a meeting on January 30, where the proposal's details and recommendations were reviewed. While the proposal received endorsements from key state authorities, the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) refrained from commenting due to its sub-judice status. As per the meeting minutes, the Standing Committee deferred the decision and opted to seek comments from NTCA in accordance with the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, scheduling the proposal for reconsideration at the next meeting. This decision comes amidst ongoing debates surrounding the Kalasa-Banduri Project, which aims to divert Mahadayi river water to address drinking water needs in certain districts of Karnataka, highlighting the environmental and administrative complexities involved in such endeavors.

Violence broke out in the tranquil environs of Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary as security forces clashed with Maoist rebels, highlighting the ongoing challenges of insurgency in the region. The confrontation, triggered by a planned search operation by security forces, quickly escalated into a tense exchange of gunfire as insurgents fiercely resisted. The clash disrupted the sanctuary's peace, leaving local residents fearful. It underscores the persistent threat of Maoist insurgency despite efforts by security forces. The dense forest terrain provides a strategic advantage for rebel groups, complicating efforts to combat them. As authorities assess the situation and enhance security measures, concerns linger about the safety of civilians and wildlife in the region.

A lone male tiger, initially sighted in a maize field on January 26, embarked on a remarkable journey spanning over 100 kilometers before safely entering Papikonda National Park (PNP) on February 6. Despite passing through densely populated agricultural areas and human habitations, the tiger emerged unharmed, with forest authorities confirming its healthy condition through CCTV footage. Within PNP, the tiger enjoys a safer habitat with minimal threats compared to human settlements, aided by the presence of tribal populations that coexist harmoniously with wildlife. A team of experts from Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR) will monitor the tiger's settlement in PNP, ensuring its adaptation to the abundant prey available in the park. Previous surveys recorded three tigers in the area, with specific population figures undisclosed by the National Tiger Conservation Authority. The tiger's departure from local areas brought relief to communities, allowing agricultural and cattle-rearing activities to resume without disruption.

The Ministry of Tourism has made a significant move by incorporating the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Ajanta and Ellora caves in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar into its Swadesh Darshan Scheme II. Launched in 2015, this scheme aims at fostering sustainable tourism destinations across India. The decision comes after Architect Ajay Kulkarni, representing Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), highlighted the need for their inclusion due to the lack of infrastructure despite their UNESCO status. The scheme, being a 100% centrally funded initiative, seeks to enhance local economies, create jobs, and boost private sector investment in tourism and hospitality. With the inclusion of these caves, the total number of destinations under the Swadesh Darshan Scheme II has now increased to 57 across 32 states and Union Territories. Additionally, the Ghrishneshwar Temple in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar district has also been included in a separate pilgrimage scheme, marking a broader effort to promote cultural and heritage tourism in the region.

Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar inaugurated the World Sustainable Development Summit in New Delhi on Wednesday. Prime Minister of Guyana Mark Phillips and Union Minister for Environment, Forests and Climate Change Bhupender Yadav were also present at the event. In his address, Mr. Dhankhar emphasized the importance of optimal utilization of natural resources and the need for this concept to be ingrained in individual conscience. He stressed that one's fiscal power should not dictate resource usage, quoting Mahatma Gandhi's famous saying. The Vice President urged global leadership to drive environmental protection and climate justice, commending India's leadership role in sustainable development efforts. He highlighted India's initiatives during its G20 Presidency, particularly emphasizing the motto "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" and the significance of collective action in addressing environmental challenges.

India has reached a significant milestone in its journey towards self-reliance in aerospace technology with the successful establishment and testing of its first Hypervelocity Expansion Tunnel Test Facility by the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IITK). This achievement places India among a select group of nations possessing advanced hypersonic testing capabilities. The facility, named S2, was developed with the support of the Department of Science & Technology (DST) and boasts the capability of simulating hypersonic conditions with flight speeds ranging from 3 to 10 km/s. It comprises essential components such as the free piston driver, compression tube, shock/acceleration tube, and a test section equipped with high vacuum systems. Funded by the DST-FIST program, the facility's instrumentation includes pressure sensors and associated equipment for data acquisition and processing. This development is expected to accelerate hypersonic research in India, providing valuable data for optimizing existing aerospace vehicles and informing future defense and space missions. Additionally, it enhances India's global positioning in advanced experimental hypersonic research and significantly boosts its capacity in the space and defense sectors, aligning with the nation's vision of becoming scientifically advanced.

The Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary emerges as a crucial habitat for vulture species amidst concerns over their declining populations. A recent tri-State synchronised vulture survey across protected areas in Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu highlighted promising results. With 51 vultures spotted in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, including rare sightings of Himalayan griffons, the sanctuary stands out as a significant conservation area. The survey also revealed improvements in vulture sightings compared to previous years, indicating positive trends in their population within the sanctuary.

The Healthy Indian Project (THIP), a leading health information platform in India, has recently been admitted as a member of the World Health Organization's Vaccine Safety Net (VSN). This development emphasizes THIP's commitment to providing credible and verified vaccine safety information to the Indian populace. With this integration, THIP aims to further enhance its role as a reliable source of health information, contributing to global efforts in disseminating accurate immunization details. Sudipta Sengupta, THIP's Founder and CEO, expressed pride in this achievement, highlighting the platform's dedication to public health. VSN, comprising 110 websites from 45 countries, serves as a vital global network, offering vaccine safety information in 43 languages. THIP's inclusion in VSN signifies recognition of its efforts to promote public health and ensure access to verified health information in India.

Australian researchers, led by Monash University, have made a groundbreaking discovery in the treatment of lupus, a chronic autoimmune disease. Published in Nature Communications, the study unveils a novel approach to reprogramming defective cells in lupus patients using protective molecules from healthy individuals. By restoring the function of regulatory T cells (T-regs), crucial in preventing autoimmune diseases like lupus, the treatment aims to offer effective long-term solutions. This discovery not only holds promise for revolutionizing lupus management but also opens avenues for treating other autoimmune conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. With clinical trials expected to commence in 2026, this research marks a significant step towards finding a cure for lupus and improving the lives of millions affected by autoimmune diseases.

The Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary in Tripura has recently received a new batch of animals through an exchange program with the North Bengal Zoo. This batch includes two Royal Bengal tigers, two leopards, four golden pigeons, a silver pigeon, two peafowls, and four hill mynas. A total of 18 animals arrived in Tripura, while 12 animals from Sepahijala will be sent to North Bengal. As part of the exchange initiative, animals from North Bengal will undergo a one-month quarantine before being available for public viewing. Additionally, the sanctuary will be closed for two days for the safety of both incoming and outgoing animals during the loading and unloading process. This exchange program not only enriches biodiversity but also underscores the commitment to conservation efforts and collaboration between wildlife sanctuaries.

Global experts convened in Kathmandu, Nepal, under the auspices of The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), issued an urgent call for action to prevent the collapse of biodiversity in High Mountain Asia (HMA). Emphasizing the critical state of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, the experts highlighted the escalating loss of nature and habitat as "catastrophic." With the HKH region facing severe threats due to biodiversity decline, the meeting aimed to explore the interconnections between food and water security, health, biodiversity, and climate change. Recognizing the region's significance as the source of major rivers and home to a large population, the experts underscored the need for immediate investment and policy reforms to reverse nature loss and ensure ecosystem sustainability in HMA. This urgent call reflects the growing recognition of the pivotal role that HMA plays in global biodiversity and underscores the need for collaborative action to safeguard its ecological integrity.

The reintroduction of Aldabra giant tortoises to Madagascar represents a significant conservation effort aimed at restoring the island's ecosystems and preventing forest fires. Originating from the Seychelles, these megaherbivores have been successfully reintroduced to the Anjajavy Reserve since 2018, with encouraging signs of reproduction. The project, led by ecologists and conservation biologists, focuses on nurturing hatchlings in controlled environments before releasing them into the wild to ensure their survival. Beyond ecological benefits such as habitat restoration and forest regeneration, the initiative holds promises for biodiversity enhancement and community resilience against climate change impacts.

Cameroon, renowned for its rich biodiversity, is making strides to address the historical exploitation of its biological resources by foreign entities. By adopting the Nagoya Protocol, an international agreement focused on fair benefit sharing from genetic resources and traditional knowledge, Cameroon aims to ensure that local communities benefit equitably. This move comes as Cameroon faces challenges such as inadequate institutional capacity and research on biodiversity. Initiatives like the Global Environment Facility-funded project support the country's efforts to implement the Nagoya Protocol and conduct bioprospecting activities. Local stakeholders, optimistic about the potential economic gains, are hopeful for a future where the exploitation of Cameroon's biological resources aligns with international standards, unlocking the country's economic potential.

In a recent statement to the Lok Sabha, Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Ashwini Kumar Choubey, highlighted the conservation efforts and population assessments of the Black-necked Crane in India. The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have actively conducted surveys, revealing an estimated population of 66-69 individuals in Ladakh and approximately 11 individuals in Arunachal Pradesh during winter months. The Black-necked Crane, listed in Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, and international conventions like CITES and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species, receives legal protection. Key habitats, including the Changthang Sanctuary in Ladakh and the Tso Kar Wetlands Complex designated as a Ramsar Site, play a crucial role in the species' conservation. The National Wildlife Action Plan (2017-2031) outlines specific chapters and priority actions, and the government supports wildlife habitat management through the 'Development of Wildlife Habitats' scheme. Additionally, the Ministry has issued guidelines for the management planning of Protected Areas. The government's Mission LiFE program aims to raise public awareness about environmental conservation, further emphasized through the celebration of important days such as World Wildlife Day, Wetlands Day, Migratory Bird Day, and Wildlife Week.

The inaugural Education Working Group (EdWG) meeting under the Brazilian G20 Presidency unfolded virtually, with the Indian delegation reaffirming the government's dedication to advancing the global education agenda. Emphasizing the need for capacity building among educational professionals and promoting innovative teaching-learning methods, the delegation spotlighted the role of technology in creating inclusive and collaborative learning experiences. The discussions also underscored the pivotal role of education in achieving Sustainable Development Goals, particularly through initiatives like LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment). The Indian delegation shared the nation's best practices aligned with the National Education Policy 2020, featuring initiatives such as SWAYAM, SWAYAM PRABHA, Academic Bank of Credit, and more. The meeting set the stage for further deliberations on valuing education professionals, connecting digital resource platforms, and recognizing excellence in school-community engagement in the subsequent sessions. The dialogue is slated to continue on the second day, centering on digital resource platforms and the G20 Award for School-Community Engagement on February 6, 2024.

In the past two months, the Corbett Tiger Reserve in Uttarakhand has witnessed a disturbing trend with five reported fatalities due to encounters with big cats. The surge in fatal incidents is attributed to the high density of tigers in the region, emphasizing the challenges of managing habitats in the reserve. Recent incidents include attacks by a tigress in December, prompting concerns about aberrant behavior. The reserve, boasting the highest tiger population in the country, has become a hotspot for human-wildlife conflict, presenting a constant challenge for authorities. As India's overall tiger population increases, the Corbett Tiger Reserve's struggle is exacerbated by the loss of wildlife corridors, intensifying the need for effective habitat management and conflict resolution strategies.

In a remarkable discovery, the elusive Dusted Apollo butterfly (Parnassius stenosemus) has been sighted and photographed for the first time in Himachal Pradesh. Forest guards Gajinder Verma and Abinash Thakur made the groundbreaking discovery during a September 2023 trek to Manimahesh Lake in Chamba. This rare high-altitude butterfly, with a distribution range from Ladakh to West Nepal, was originally identified in 1890. Butterfly expert Lovish Garlani highlighted the distinctive features of Dusted Apollo compared to Ladakh Banded Apollo and emphasized the urgency of conservation efforts. The sighting of another protected species, the Regal Apollo, adds to the significance, calling attention to the need for immediate measures to protect and conserve the diverse Apollo butterfly species in the region.

In a bid to unravel the mysteries surrounding the critically endangered Forest Owlet, the Melghat Tiger Reserve is organizing a captivating Wildlife Odyssey. The expedition, set in the heart of the reserve, aims to provide nature enthusiasts with a unique opportunity to explore the lush forests and gain insights into the elusive bird's habitat, behavior, and conservation status. Led by knowledgeable naturalists, participants can expect a guided tour showcasing the rich biodiversity of the Melghat Tiger Reserve. This initiative not only contributes valuable data to global conservation efforts but also fosters increased awareness and fundraising for the preservation of the delicate ecosystem and the endangered Forest Owlet.

In a landmark legal pronouncement, the Supreme Court has unequivocally emphasized the inviolability of valid legal provisions. The court's ruling firmly states that provisions, deemed perfectly valid, should not undergo a 'read down' interpretation solely to mitigate their harsh consequences. This significant development underscores the court's commitment to preserving the integrity of legal provisions and maintaining their original impact and intent without dilution. The decision signals a robust stance on the unaltered application of legislation, marking a noteworthy chapter in the legal landscape.

In the captivating landscapes of Peru, a dedicated group of scientists, beekeepers, and environmental activists has launched a comprehensive conservation mission to protect the stingless bee species from the imminent threat of extinction. Facing challenges like habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and climate change, the stingless bees play a crucial role in pollination, affecting both the delicate ecosystems of Peru and vital agricultural practices. The multi-faceted conservation approach involves habitat restoration, education programs, and sustainable beekeeping practices, with an emphasis on community engagement. As the mission gains momentum, it aims not only to preserve the stingless bee population but also to raise global awareness about the broader pollinator crisis, advocating for collective action to address environmental threats and safeguard pollinators worldwide.

In the year 2022, India experienced a distressing surge in cancer cases, according to a report from The Global Cancer Observatory, a division of the World Health Organisation (WHO). The data revealed over 14 lakh cancer diagnoses and more than nine lakh deaths, shedding light on the significant impact of this disease on the nation. Breast cancer emerged as the leading cause, contributing to 1.92 lakh cases and claiming 98,337 lives. Lip and oral cavity cancer followed closely, ranking second with 1.43 lakh cases and 79,979 deaths. Cervical cancer secured the third spot with 1.27 lakh cases and 79,906 deaths. The statistics underscore the urgent need for comprehensive strategies and interventions to address and mitigate the growing cancer burden in India.

In the ongoing Financial Year 2023-24, the Directorate General of GST Intelligence (DGGI) has made significant strides in combatting fraudulent Input Tax Credit (ITC) cases. With a focus on identifying and apprehending masterminds behind fake ITC operations, DGGI has detected 1,700 cases involving Rs. 18,000 crore. The agency's proactive approach, involving data analytics and advanced technical tools, has led to the apprehension of 98 fraudsters. The cases span from well-organized rackets operating in Sirsa, Haryana, to individuals creating and selling fake firms in Jaipur, Rajasthan, underscoring the DGGI's commitment to maintaining the integrity of the GST system. The arrests, seizures of evidence, and potential evasion amounts collectively emphasize the Directorate's vigilance in ensuring compliance and curbing tax evasion.

In the recent interim budget presentation, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman revealed a significant agricultural initiative – the widespread expansion of Nano DAP (di-ammonium phosphate) application across diverse crops in all agro-climatic zones. Nano DAP, a liquid fertilizer with a particle size below 100 nanometers, offers enhanced efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and convenience for farmers. The move not only addresses the country's fertilizer needs but also aligns with the government's goal of reducing import dependency, fostering self-sufficiency in fertilizer production, and providing substantial relief to the subsidy burden. This strategic step is poised to propel Indian agriculture forward, ensuring increased productivity and sustainability.

A recent study led by researchers from the Technical University of Munich sheds light on the alarming future spread of wheat blast, a fungal disease posing a severe threat to global wheat production. The findings suggest that the disease could lead to a significant 13% reduction in global wheat production by 2050, raising concerns about food security. The study identifies South America, southern Africa, and Asia as the regions most vulnerable to the impact of wheat blast, with up to 75% of wheat cultivation areas in Africa and South America at risk. The research emphasizes the need for proactive measures, including the adoption of resistant wheat varieties and climate-resilient crops, to mitigate the potential consequences of this emerging agricultural challenge.

The Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA) joined forces with Boston Consulting Group (BCG) in a Strategic Meeting held on February 2, 2024, in Gurugram. The focus of the meeting was on crucial aspects of business expansion and initiatives aimed at cost reduction in fund utilization. IREDA's Strategy Team presented comprehensive initiatives, including Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and IT-based enhancements to improve efficiency and user experience. Discussions covered financial stability measures, retail sector growth strategies, and a thorough review of bond-raising strategies. Inaugurating the meeting, IREDA's Chairman and Managing Director, Shri Pradip Kumar Das, expressed confidence in the organization's progress, emphasizing its commitment to shaping a sustainable and dynamic renewable energy landscape in alignment with the Government of India's vision. The meeting concluded with a firm commitment from IREDA to continue promoting renewable energy and sustainable development.

The Khelo India Winter Games 2024 commenced in Ladakh, marking its debut as a host for the prestigious event. The Nawang Dorjay Stobdan Stadium witnessed a vibrant inaugural ceremony attended by 15 states and two public institutions participating in ice hockey and ice-skating events over five days. The Chief Guest, Brig. (Dr) B.D. Mishra (Retd), Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh, graced the occasion. Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, in a special message, emphasized the unifying spirit of Khelo India and the global potential of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh as premier winter sports destinations. The event also saw the establishment of the Khelo India Centre of Excellence in Ladakh, focusing on athletics, archery, and boxing. The inaugural day featured traditional performances, an exhibition ice-hockey match, and the awarding of the first medals in short track skating. The Winter Games, a part of the Khelo India Mission, aim to promote Olympic sports and cultivate talent for national sporting excellence.

The Credit Enhancement Guarantee Scheme for Scheduled Castes (CEGSSC) was initiated in the 2014-15 Union Budget under the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Government of India. With an initial corpus of Rs. 200 crores, the scheme aims to promote entrepreneurship among Scheduled Castes by providing credit enhancement guarantees to Member Lending Institutions (MLIs). IFCI Ltd, the Nodal Agency, facilitates the implementation of the scheme. Entities, including individuals and registered companies, can avail benefits for various financial facilities, and eligible entities can secure loans ranging from Rs.15 lakhs to over Rs.5 crores.

The Indian judiciary's language dynamics, as outlined in constitutional provisions and legislative acts, have evolved to address linguistic diversity. Constitutional Article 348(1)(a) mandates English in Supreme Court and High Courts proceedings, but Article 348(2) allows the use of Hindi or official state languages with gubernatorial and presidential consent. The Official Language Act, 1963, further empowers Governors to authorize Hindi or state languages in addition to English for judgments. A 1965 Cabinet Committee decision emphasizes Chief Justice consent for language proposals in High Courts.

In the last three years, the Indian Navy has reported seven incidents of vessel hijackings on high seas by pirates. Among these incidents, the hijacking of the Merchant Vessel - Lila Norfolk on January 04-05, 2024, stands out with 21 crew members onboard, including 15 Indian nationals. The Navy has actively engaged with regional and extra-regional navies to promote maritime security, deploying units in the Gulf of Aden and the East Coast of Africa since 2008. Notably, there have been no piracy incidents reported in the Palk Strait. The Indian Navy continues its efforts to restore maritime security through enhanced presence, aerial surveillance, and collaboration with national and international maritime security agencies. This information was presented by Raksha Rajya Mantri Shri Ajay Bhatt in response to a query in the Lok Sabha.

The 37th Surajkund International Crafts Mela was inaugurated by the President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu, on February 2, 2024. In her address, the President highlighted the Mela as a unique celebration of cultural diversity and a platform that seamlessly blends tradition with innovation. She emphasized its dual role as both an art exhibition and a business center, connecting skilled craftsmen with passionate art enthusiasts. The President commended artisans for their crucial role in preserving India's rich artistic heritage, recognizing Gujarat as the partner state and the North-Eastern Handicrafts and Handlooms Development Corporation as the cultural partner for this edition. Moreover, Tanzania's participation as the partner nation underscored the Mela's global significance, providing a showcase for Tanzanian culture while highlighting India's engagement with the African Union.

Dr Yumnam Sapha, an Assistant Professor of Fine Arts at Manipur University, is on a passionate mission to safeguard the ancient Subika painting style, an integral part of Manipuri cultural history found in archaic manuscripts known as Puyas. With a focus on manuscripts like Subika Laishaba, which serves as a visual continuation of the Meitei cultural tradition, Dr Sapha aims to revive awareness about this unique art form that is facing near-extinction due to neglect. His journey, from childhood exposure to various art forms to collaborations resulting in published works featuring Subika-style paintings, underscores his commitment to preserving Manipuri heritage and providing a platform for its appreciation at national and international levels.

In a significant move for environmental conservation, the Tamil Nadu government has officially declared 80,114.80 hectares of reserve forests in Bargur Hills, Erode district, as the Thanthai Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. The announcement, initially made in the 2023 State Budget, designates this region as the 18th wildlife sanctuary in the state. Connecting the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve with the Cauvery South Wildlife Sanctuary, the Bargur Hills play a pivotal role in maintaining biodiversity, serving as a crucial corridor for tigers and hosting a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Beyond its ecological importance, the area holds cultural and historical significance for local communities, making the sanctuary a vital hub for both conservation and cultural heritage.

In a groundbreaking archaeological revelation, photojournalist D Ravinder Reddy and rock art expert Dr Muralidhar Reddy have unearthed Mesolithic era rock paintings at Sitamma Loddi, Gattusingaram, in Peddapalli district. The paintings, adorning the walls of a massive sandstone rock shelter spanning 1,000 feet in length and 50 feet in height, belong to both the Mesolithic (10,000-12,000 years ago) and early historic (1st BCE to 6th CE) periods. This site, comprising seven shelters and recognized as the second-longest in India, provides unique insights into ancient cultures through depictions of human figures engaged in group dances, animals, and distinctive handprints. Notably, a fossilized stone embedded with a shell places the site at an astonishing 65 million years old, further solidifying its status as a diamond mine of rock paintings in Telangana.

In a remarkable and unexpected event, nearly 1,000 manatees, also known as sea cows, have congregated at Blue Spring State Park in Florida, breaking previous records. The gathering, reported earlier this week, has puzzled researchers, with possible explanations including weather-related migration, sensitivity to cold temperatures, and the impact of algae blooms on their food source. Blue Spring State Park, known for its warm waters and protection from recreational activities during winter, seems to serve as a safe haven for these gentle sea mammals. The unique gathering raises questions about the complex interactions between manatees and their environment, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts in safeguarding their well-being.

The MY Bharat portal, launched by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on October 31, 2023, has achieved a historic milestone with over 1.45 crore registrations as of January 31, 2024. This success is attributed to the platform's user-friendly interface, enabling swift registrations within minutes. MY Bharat, envisioned as a technology-driven facilitator for youth development, combines physical activities with digital connectivity, making it a 'Phygital Platform.' The portal has become instrumental in mobilizing the nation's youth for constructive and transformative endeavors, as demonstrated on National Youth Day when over 1 lakh volunteers collaborated with traffic police for enhanced road safety. Prime Minister Modi, acknowledging the overwhelming response, emphasized MY Bharat as the largest platform for the twenty-first-century youth of Bharat. Looking ahead, MY Bharat aims to introduce new features and initiatives, expand its offerings in emerging sectors, and deepen engagement with educational institutions and youth organizations, with the ultimate vision of a 'Viksit Bharat' by 2047.

In a landmark announcement during the presentation of the Interim Budget 2024-25, Union Finance Minister, Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman, outlined strategic measures to bolster the Fisheries and Dairy sectors. The budget includes plans for the establishment of five integrated aquaparks, showcasing the government's commitment to supporting the fishing community. The Minister highlighted the success of past initiatives, such as the dedicated Department for Fisheries, leading to a remarkable doubling of both inland and aquaculture production. The budget also emphasized the growth in seafood exports since 2013-14.

In a significant move, the Indian Navy has designated the year 2024 as the 'Year of Naval Civilians' with a primary objective to address various aspects of Civilian HR Management. Recognizing the pivotal role played by Naval Civilian Personnel, who constitute around one-third of the Navy's workforce, the initiative aims to enhance administration, efficiency, and the overall well-being of these essential contributors. The focus areas for the year include maximizing administrative efficiency, implementing digital initiatives, conducting training programs, and organizing welfare activities. This dedicated effort reflects a renewed commitment to ensuring that Naval Civilians contribute effectively, reinforcing the Indian Navy's status as a combat-ready, credible, cohesive, and future-proof force.

The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) celebrated its 48th Raising Day on February 1, 2024, in New Delhi, reflecting on its remarkable journey from a modest beginning in 1977 to a formidable force in maritime security. Boasting 152 ships and 78 aircraft, the ICG is on track to achieve its targeted force levels by 2030. Under the motto "Vayam Rakshamah" (We Protect), the ICG has been instrumental in saving over 11,554 lives, positioning itself as a renowned global Coast Guard. The celebration highlighted the ICG's pivotal role in maintaining a 24x7 vigil in the Maritime Zones of India, contributing significantly to the nation's goals in the blue economy and maritime transportation. The ICG showcased its prowess in Maritime Law Enforcement, indigenous initiatives, modernization efforts, and commitment to environmental stewardship. With a digital transformation underway and continued support from the government, the ICG remains committed to advancing the nation's interests in the Maritime Zones.

In a significant development, the Union Cabinet, under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has granted approval for the signing and ratification of a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) between India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The primary objectives of this treaty include enhancing investor confidence, attracting more foreign investments, and creating opportunities for Overseas Direct Investment (ODI). Anticipated to positively impact employment generation, the approval aligns with the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat. The treaty is expected to encourage domestic manufacturing, reduce import dependence, and contribute to the overall economic growth of the nation.

Members of the little-known Hindutva group, Rashtriya Anhad Mahayog Peeth, forcibly entered the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)-protected Martand Sun Temple in southern Kashmir's Anantnag. This incident took place on 22nd January, coinciding with the consecration of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya. Despite attempts by local ASI staff to prevent their entry, the group performed prayers within the eighth-century temple's protected ruins. The group's leader, Maharaj Rudranath Mahakal, justified the action by citing Prime Minister Modi's call for prayers in all temples. This marks the third consecutive year of the group attempting prayers in the historic temple complex, raising concerns about the clash between religious practices and the ASI's preservation guidelines.

In a noteworthy discovery, a Manipur-based animal welfare organization uncovered the origins of a ringed juvenile black-crowned night heron that landed at a local pond in Imphal. The medium-sized heron, belonging to a global family found in various continents, met its unfortunate end due to injuries sustained after being bitten by a dog.

A recent study led by Dartmouth researchers explores the potential of active management in improving the health of green roof soils. Green roofs, hailed for their climate adaptation and urban biodiversity benefits, often face declining effectiveness over time in the United States. The Dartmouth team conducted an experiment in Chicago, introducing native prairie microbes, particularly mycorrhizal fungi, to the green roof soil. The findings, published in New Phytologist, reveal that actively managing mycorrhizal fungi accelerates soil development, fostering a more diverse and sustainable soil community. The study highlights the importance of incorporating ecological considerations into the design, construction, and maintenance of green roofs to maximize their long-term climate resilience.

India marked World Wetlands Day 2024 by increasing its Ramsar sites, designated as Wetlands of International Importance, from 75 to 80. Union Minister Shri Bhupender Yadav, emphasizing Prime Minister Narendra Modi's commitment to environmental conservation, announced the addition of five wetlands to the Ramsar list. The certification ceremony, attended by key officials, highlighted the significant policy push that has led to the country's increased focus on wetland protection. The event showcased the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, contributing three and two Ramsar sites, respectively.

Researchers from diverse national and international organizations have made a groundbreaking discovery in the heart of Bengaluru—the identification of a previously unknown frog species thriving amidst the urban landscape. Named Sphaerotheca varshaabhu, this newly unearthed amphibian challenges conventional notions about where new species can be found. Lead researcher Deepak P. highlights the significance of this find, emphasizing its resilience in unexpected urban ecosystems. The study, published in the scientific journal Zootaxa, details the distinctive characteristics of this species and the methods used in confirming its uniqueness. The discovery underscores the need for ongoing exploration of urban ecosystems and the imperative to preserve biodiversity in areas heavily impacted by human activities. The collaborative effort between multiple institutions played a crucial role in unraveling this remarkable aspect of Bengaluru's wildlife.

The enduring ethnic violence in Manipur is not only claiming lives but also putting the centuries-old tradition of Shumang Leela, the traditional Meitei courtyard theatre, at risk. Shougrakpam Hemanta, lifetime secretary of Manipur State Shumang Leela Council, revealed that artists are compelled to abandon their craft for alternative means of survival, such as driving auto-rickshaws and engaging in construction work. The economic impact is severe, with artists unable to perform and facing financial hardships. Fearing the potential demise of Shumang Leela, Hemanta calls on the government to increase financial support under the "Chief Ministergi Artistesinggi Tengbang (CMAT)" scheme. The moral dilemma of performing amidst violence and the historical significance of Shumang Leela add layers to the challenges faced by the artists.

In a significant breakthrough, researchers have unearthed a new species of tiny lizards in the biodiverse forests of the Western Ghats. Termed the "Agasthyagama edge" or the northern kangaroo lizard, these diminutive dragons belong to the Agamidae family and boast a maximum snout-vent length of 4.3 cm. Discovered by a collaborative team from various institutions in India and abroad, the lizard's reduced fifth toe distinguishes it as a poor climber, favoring terrestrial habitats with dense leaf litter cover. Named after the Zoological Society of London's Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) program, this finding marks a crucial addition to the understanding of biodiversity in the Western Ghats. The detailed study, published in the scientific journal "Vertebrate Zoology," sheds light on the unique features and the journey leading to the identification of this new species, emphasizing its importance in conservation efforts.