Bangladesh faced significant political upheaval on Monday when Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and left the country, following weeks of violent protests over a government jobs quota scheme. The flight carrying Sheikh Hasina, a Lockheed C-130J Hercules military transport jet, became the most tracked flight on Flightradar24.com. The jet departed Dhaka, made a brief stopover in Kolkata, and landed at the Hindon Indian Air Force base near Delhi. Meanwhile, the Bangladesh Army chief announced Sheikh Hasina's resignation and pledged to restore order and justice. The unrest, which began in June, has resulted in nearly 300 deaths and widespread demands for Hasina's resignation, marking the end of her 15-year reign.

The global spread of Lyme disease is being exacerbated by climate change, making it more difficult to diagnose and treat. Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted through tick bites, has become a growing health concern since its identification in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1975. Ticks secrete an anti-inflammatory substance that masks their feeding, allowing the infection to enter the bloodstream undetected.

A groundbreaking study has utilized artificial intelligence (AI) to reprogram glioblastoma cells into dendritic cells (DCs) capable of targeting and destroying cancer cells. Glioblastoma, the deadliest brain cancer with a less than 10% five-year survival rate, has been challenging to treat due to the blood-brain barrier. The research, led by the Keck School of Medicine of USC and supported by the National Institutes of Health, found that this AI-driven method improved survival rates by up to 75% in mouse models. The study also identified specific genes that could be used to convert human glioblastoma cells into DCs. Future research aims to refine this approach, conduct animal testing, and eventually seek clinical trials to evaluate its safety and efficacy in patients.

The Indian Air Force (IAF) has granted approval to the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) to produce 200 Astra air-to-air missiles. These missiles are intended for the IAF's Su-30 and LCA Tejas fighter jets. The clearance was given during a visit to Hyderabad by Deputy Chief Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit. The Astra program aims to bolster India's aerial combat capabilities, with the Astra Mark 1 already in service and development ongoing for the Astra Mark 2. The DRDO is focusing on extending the missile's range beyond the current 100 kilometres. The indigenous missile development initiative began in 2001, led by Hyderabad’s Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL).

At 41, table tennis player Sharath Kamal is leveraging genetic screening to enhance his preparation for the 2024 Paris Olympics. This emerging practice, which began influencing sports in the late 1990s, helps athletes optimize performance by identifying food allergies and nutritional needs. The Indian cricket team adopted genetic testing in 2017 to improve player attributes such as speed and endurance. The scientific basis of these tests involves analyzing DNA to understand how genetic variations affect athletic traits. Notable genes like ACE and ACTN3 have been linked to performance in endurance and strength sports. Despite its benefits, genetic testing has faced criticism for its limitations and the potential for misuse in talent identification.

India has announced a significant financial commitment of $85 million to support the World Health Organization's Global Traditional Medicine Centre. This contribution aims to advance research, establish guidelines, and integrate traditional medicine into global health systems. The investment is set to enhance the Centre’s capabilities, improve worldwide access to traditional medicine, and reinforce international collaboration in the field. India’s pledge highlights its leadership in promoting traditional medicine and its strategic role in global healthcare.

The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) demonstrated the advanced 'Typhoon' vehicle at its Transport Battalion in Chandigarh, marking a key step in modernizing its logistical and operational capabilities. The Typhoon-K, a versatile all-terrain vehicle available in 6×6 and 4×4 variants, is designed for troop transport, cargo delivery, and technical system deployment. It features high-performance diesel engines, automatic transmissions, and a hydropneumatic suspension system for superior mobility and comfort. The vehicle is built to offer robust protection against mines and ballistic threats. Produced locally by Vehicle Factory Jabalpur under license from KAMAZ, the Typhoon supports the 'Make in India' initiative and enhances the ITBP’s operational efficiency and safety.

A team of Indian astronomers has unveiled 34 new giant radio sources (GRSs) using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) near Pune. The discovery, part of the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS), highlights the telescope's capability to map the radio sky at 150 MHz. The team, including PhD students and astronomers from SKBU and MCC, published their findings in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. This research challenges previous notions about GRS environments and distances, revealing sources in dense galaxy clusters and farther from Earth than previously known. The study offers new insights into the evolution of radio galaxies and the role of supermassive black holes in their development.

Recent research has unveiled the presence of naturally occurring graphene flakes in lunar soil, marking a significant advancement in our understanding of this extraordinary material. Conducted by a team of researchers led by Professors Meng Zou and Wei Zhang, along with senior engineer Xiujuan Li and Wencai Ren, the study analyzed a small sample of lunar soil collected by the Chang’e 5 mission in 2020. The discovery, made using specialized spectrometry, identifies graphene layers within the lunar soil, potentially formed by volcanic activity, solar winds, and meteorite impacts. This finding has profound implications for lunar technology, including the development of lightweight, durable materials and advanced electronics. The breakthrough paves the way for future lunar missions and highlights the potential for utilizing lunar resources in space exploration.

INS Shalki, an Indian naval submarine, arrived at the port of Colombo on Friday for a two-day formal visit. The Sri Lanka Navy welcomed the submarine following traditional naval customs. Commanded by Commander Rahul Patnaik, INS Shalki is a 64.4-meter vessel with a crew of 40. During the visit, Sri Lankan naval personnel will engage in an awareness program about the submarine’s operational features. The Commanding Officer also met Rear Admiral Chinthaka Kumarasinghe, Commander of the Western Naval Area. The crew is expected to explore local tourist attractions before INS Shalki departs on August 4. The last Indian submarine visit to Colombo was by INS Karanj on February 3, prior to Sri Lanka's 76th independence anniversary.

A recent study reveals that osmolytes, small molecules crucial for protein stability, play a significant role in preventing protein misfolding under stress. Conducted by Dr. Shubhasis Haldar and Deep Chaudhuri at the S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, the research utilized covalent magnetic tweezers to investigate the interactions between the protein Protein L and two osmolytes, Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and trehalose. The study found that TMAO enhances Protein L's resistance to unfolding at higher concentrations, while trehalose stabilizes the protein's unfolded state. Published in Nanoscale, these findings could pave the way for novel treatments for diseases related to protein misfolding, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Researchers have developed an innovative Zn-air battery device that combines a durable cathode catalyst and anti-freezing electrolyte, making it suitable for remote areas like the Himalayas where conventional batteries fail in extreme cold. The device, created by Dr. Aniruddha Kundu and his team at CSIR-CMERI, features a CoFe/Fe3C alloy/carbide hybrid structure, showing remarkable efficacy in both liquid and solid-state batteries under sub-zero temperatures. This advancement represents a significant step towards sustainable and resilient energy solutions for consumers and military personnel in harsh climates.

Victoria, Australia, has recorded 71 confirmed cases of Legionnaires' disease, with a woman succumbing to the illness. The outbreak is suspected to have originated from cooling towers in Melbourne's industrial west, although the exact source remains unidentified. The Victorian Department of Health is conducting inspections and disinfection of over 100 cooling towers in the affected areas. Health officials have issued advisories for individuals in Melbourne since mid-July to seek medical attention if they exhibit symptoms such as chest infection, fever, chills, cough, and headaches. Authorities are also investigating environmental factors like weather patterns and wind directions that might have contributed to the spread of the bacteria.

A new study conducted by researchers at the S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences in Kolkata has highlighted the critical role of Kindlins—adapter proteins found in vertebrate cells—in various cancers. These proteins are integral to several signaling pathways, and targeting them could pave the way for new cancer treatments that address multiple disease aspects simultaneously. The study, which analyzed data from 10,000 patients with 33 types of cancer, found that Kindlin mutations can disrupt cellular homeostasis, leading to cancer progression. Published in the journal Communications Biology, the research underscores the potential of Kindlins as promising targets for innovative cancer therapies, offering new strategies to combat chemoresistance and tumor relapse.

Recent research has identified a higher-than-expected rate of gene mutations in patients with Parkinson's disease, revealing new complexities in the genetic landscape of this neurological disorder. Conducted by a team of geneticists and neurologists, the study found that certain gene mutations associated with Parkinson’s are more prevalent than previously thought, suggesting a significant role of genetics in the disease's development. The findings, highlighted by lead researcher Dr. Jane Smith, could lead to improved genetic screening, earlier diagnosis, and personalized treatment plans, paving the way for targeted therapies and better patient outcomes.

The Indian Air Force (IAF) is experiencing substantial delays in the delivery of Tejas light combat aircraft from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), primarily due to supply-chain issues affecting the delivery of GE Aerospace’s F404 engines. Initially scheduled for March 31, 2024, the first batch of Tejas fighters is now expected by August 2024, causing concerns over the IAF's operational readiness. The ₹48,000 crore deal to deliver 83 Tejas Mk-1A fighters aims to phase out ageing MiG-21 fighters, but ongoing delays jeopardize this plan. Despite efforts from HAL and government scrutiny, the IAF explores alternative options, including accelerating the procurement of foreign-made fighter jets to maintain its strategic capabilities.

Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare, Anupriya Patel, announced a new action plan to manage Zika virus disease. The plan outlines detailed public health actions and is available on the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's website. The government has also issued Technical Guidelines for Integrated Vector Management and supports states with preventive measures through the National Health Mission. The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) manages surveillance and response to Zika virus outbreaks. As of 2024, 13 Zika cases have been reported in India, with 10 from Maharashtra and 3 from Karnataka.

On July 29, 2024, a Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) meeting, chaired by Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh, reviewed and approved several capital acquisition proposals. The DAC granted Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for the procurement of the Advanced Land Navigation System (ALNS) for the Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs) of the Indian Army. The ALNS Mk-II, featuring spoof-proof technology and high-level encryption, is compatible with the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS, NavIC), GPS, and GLONASS, and will be sourced from Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Chennai. Additionally, AoN was accorded for the acquisition of 22 state-of-the-art Interceptor Boats for the Indian Coast Guard, designed for rapid interception and effective operation in shallow waters, enhancing coastal surveillance, patrolling, search and rescue operations, including medical evacuations.

Researchers at the Center for Nanomedicine within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and Yonsei University in South Korea have developed a groundbreaking technology called Nano-MIND (Magnetogenetic Interface for NeuroDynamics). This technology enables wireless, remote, and precise modulation of specific deep brain neural circuits using magnetic fields and magnetized nanoparticles. In their experiments, researchers successfully activated specific neurons in various brain regions of mice, leading to significant behavioural changes such as increased nurturing behaviours and altered feeding patterns. This innovation holds immense potential for understanding brain functions, advancing brain-computer interfaces, and developing new treatments for neurological disorders.

Oropouche fever, a viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes, has been causing significant outbreaks in Brazil. The disease is caused by the Oropouche virus, leading to symptoms such as sudden fever, headache, muscle pain, and sometimes rash and gastrointestinal issues. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical symptoms and confirmed through blood tests. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for Oropouche fever; management focuses on supportive care. Preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites. The recent rise in cases in Brazil highlights the need for enhanced public health measures to control the spread of this disease.

The European Space Agency's (ESA) Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) will execute a critical maneuver on August 20, 2024, with a close flyby of Earth. The spacecraft will approach within 4,200 miles (6,800 kilometers) of our planet, allowing for a gravity-assisted trajectory adjustment essential for its journey to Jupiter. Launched in April 2023, JUICE is Europe’s first mission targeting Jupiter and its largest moons—Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa. This flyby will also test JUICE’s RIME (Radar for Icy Moon Exploration) antenna and provide an opportunity for public observation through binoculars or telescopes. JUICE’s efficient trajectory benefits from gravity assists, reducing the amount of propellant needed, and the mission will include additional flybys of Venus and Earth before reaching Jupiter in 2031.

Scientists have made a significant breakthrough by successfully creating Livermorium, a pivotal step towards the synthesis of Element 120, the world’s heaviest atom. Livermorium, named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, was first synthesized in 2000 and has paved the way for further research into superheavy elements. The race to produce Element 120 involves overcoming substantial challenges, including the production of adequate quantities and verifying its stability. The discovery of Element 120 could offer valuable insights into advanced materials and nuclear physics, marking a new chapter in the exploration of the periodic table.

Russian President Vladimir Putin greeted Indian Navy personnel onboard INS Tabar during Russia’s Navy Day celebrations in St Petersburg. The Main Naval Parade on the Neva River featured 20 surface ships, four sailing vessels, and a submarine. Russian and foreign combat ships, including INS Tabar, participated. Nearly 2,500 troops marched in Senate Square. INS Tabar’s visit underscores strengthened maritime cooperation between Russia and India, aligning with India’s policy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam. INS Tabar, a stealth frigate equipped with advanced weapons and sensors, is part of the Indian Navy’s Western Fleet based in Mumbai.

Recent Listeria outbreaks in the US and Canada have raised significant health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, newborns, elderly adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Listeria monocytogenes, the bacterium responsible for listeriosis, is often transmitted through contaminated foods like deli meats and soft cheeses. Symptoms of listeriosis include fever, muscle aches, and gastrointestinal issues. Preventative measures include cooking meats thoroughly, avoiding unpasteurized dairy products, and maintaining good food hygiene. Health agencies like the CDC and Health Canada are actively working to track and manage these outbreaks through public alerts and recalls.

The ketamine pill offers a new treatment avenue for individuals with depression that has not responded to conventional therapies. It is noted for its potential to provide rapid relief from symptoms, often within hours or days. However, the treatment is not without its drawbacks; patients may experience side effects such as dissociation and hallucinations, and the long-term impacts are not yet fully understood. Additionally, the pill's high cost and limited availability may affect patient access. Ongoing research is essential to fully assess the benefits and risks associated with this innovative treatment.

At the Farnborough International Airshow 2024, Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) unveiled their new air-to-surface missile, the "Wind Demon." This advanced weapon, weighing 140 kilograms (308 pounds), is designed for launch from attack helicopters and fighter jets. It boasts a range of over 200 kilometers (124 miles) and can operate at very low altitudes to evade enemy defenses. The Wind Demon is equipped with laser-homing seekers and electro-optics for precise targeting, and it features a high level of accuracy with a circular error probability of just one meter (3.3 feet). IAI emphasizes the missile's cost efficiency, positioning it as a reliable solution for modern warfare challenges.

The NOvA experiment has released a new dataset that has generated significant excitement in the particle physics community. The data presents intriguing insights into a particularly elusive subatomic particle, revealing discrepancies that challenge current theoretical models. These findings suggest the potential presence of new physical phenomena or forces. Researchers are now focused on interpreting these results and determining whether they indicate new physics or merely reflect experimental errors. The ongoing analysis of this data is expected to influence theoretical frameworks and inspire further research in the field of particle physics.

On 23 July, Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) successfully launched the first indigenously-built Talwar class frigate, 'Triput'. This significant milestone comes shortly after reports indicated Russia's plan to deliver the first of the same class, 'Tushil', to the Indian Navy by September 2024, with a second frigate, 'Tamal', expected by February 2025. This launch is part of a 2016 agreement between India and Russia for four Admiral Grigorovich class frigates, with two to be built in India through technology transfer. The Indian Navy currently operates six ships of this class, equipped with advanced weaponry and versatile capabilities. Despite facing delays due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, the project marks a notable advancement in India's maritime strength.

Meta has introduced Llama 3.1, the latest version of its open-source artificial intelligence model. This innovative model is designed to foster transparency, collaboration, and innovation within the AI community. Open-source AI models, like Llama 3.1, provide the public with access to their design and implementation, allowing for widespread enhancements and applications. The potential global impact of Llama 3.1 spans various sectors, including healthcare, education, business, and scientific research.

Recent research has revealed a promising new use for a medication traditionally employed to treat blood clots. This drug, known for its effectiveness in managing thrombotic conditions, has demonstrated potential in counteracting the severe effects of cobra venom. Cobra venom, which can cause significant health issues including bleeding disorders and tissue damage, was found to be mitigated by the drug in test models. This breakthrough opens doors for the development of more effective antivenoms and enhanced treatment options for snakebite victims. Further research is required to fully understand the drug's mechanisms and confirm its clinical efficacy, but the findings suggest a significant advancement in both toxicology and pharmacology.

Researchers have discovered magnetofossils—fossilized magnetic particles from magnetotactic bacteria—in rock varnish layers in Ladakh, India. This finding suggests that biotic processes contribute to the formation of rock varnish and demonstrates how life can thrive in extreme environments. The study, conducted by scientists from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP), reveals that Ladakh's rock varnish contains enriched magnetic minerals, potentially originating from biotic sources. This discovery is significant for astrobiology, as it offers a valuable terrestrial analogue for Martian studies and could aid in identifying habitable environments on Mars. The research underscores the importance of rock varnish in preserving ancient environmental records and planning future space missions.

The Indian Navy is investigating the mysterious capsizing of the guided-missile frigate INS Brahmaputra, an incident that adds to a troubling series of recent naval accidents. The investigation aims to uncover the causes of the accident, amidst growing concerns about the safety and operational readiness of the naval fleet. The string of incidents has highlighted potential issues within the fleet's maintenance and training protocols, prompting a comprehensive review of safety measures and operational practices to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of naval vessels.

Scientists at the Agharkar Research Institute (ARI) in India have identified a new strain of lactic acid bacteria, named MCC0200, which holds significant potential for improving human health. This newly discovered probiotic strain has demonstrated a strong affinity for intestinal surfaces, enhancing gut health and exhibiting antioxidant properties to combat oxidative stress. Additionally, MCC0200’s ability to assimilate cholesterol could lower serum cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Researchers believe that MCC0200 could be a valuable candidate for applications in both the food and pharmaceutical industries, offering promising benefits for overall wellness.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has reached a significant milestone by successfully conducting an experimental flight of its innovative air-breathing propulsion system. This system utilizes atmospheric oxygen for combustion, potentially making space travel more efficient and cost-effective. The experimental flight aimed to validate the technology and gather data for future improvements. This success highlights ISRO's dedication to advancing space technology and sets the stage for further development and integration of this propulsion system in upcoming space missions.

Armenia's interest in acquiring India's Pralay missile marks a significant opportunity for India to enhance its position as a missile exporter. The Pralay missile, developed by DRDO, is a mobile, canister-based Surface-to-Surface Short-Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM) with a range of 150-500 km. Its advanced features, including quasi-ballistic trajectory and radar signature reduction, make it challenging to intercept, offering strategic advantages over traditional ballistic missiles.

Brazil, the leading global chicken exporter, has temporarily stopped poultry exports to several countries following a Newcastle disease outbreak in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The outbreak led to the death of approximately 7,000 birds on a local farm, with an additional 7,000 culled as part of containment measures. The restrictions, which could impact 50,000 to 60,000 metric tons of poultry exports, affect sales to 44 countries, including China and Japan. The agriculture ministry has declared an animal health emergency and is enforcing export limits according to World Organisation for Animal Health guidelines. This is Brazil's first Newcastle disease outbreak since 2006.

A study conducted by researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi in Himachal Pradesh has found that Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) technology exhibits the least environmental impact among various solar cell technologies in India. The study assessed five solar cell technologies—CdTe, mono-silicon, polysilicon, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS), and Passivated Emitter & Rear Contact (PERC)—using a detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool that considered eighteen environmental impact categories. CdTe emerged as the most environmentally friendly option, followed closely by CIGS. The research emphasizes the importance of LCA in guiding policymakers toward sustainable technology choices, with future studies planned to include the recycling and end-of-life phases of solar technology. Despite advancements in clean energy, challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted India's solar supply chain. The study aims to support India's shift towards green solar manufacturing, aligning with global clean energy goals.

A group of 32 scientists from 10 countries, including researchers from Finland, Poland, India, China, USA, Czech Republic, Japan, Germany, Spain, and Italy, have observed the presence of a smaller black hole orbiting a larger one in the galaxy OJ 287 for the first time. This discovery was confirmed by multiple international research groups and NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The study's findings indicate the difficulty in directly imaging the smaller black hole due to the galaxy's great distance, but it is expected to emit detectable nano-Hertz gravitational waves in the future.

The European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft, launched in December 2013 to map over a billion stars in the Milky Way, recently faced and addressed significant challenges. In April, Gaia was struck by a high-speed micrometeoroid, damaging its protective cover and allowing stray sunlight to interfere with its sensors. This was followed by a charge coupled device (CCD) failure in May, coinciding with a solar storm that led to thousands of false readings. Despite these setbacks, ESA's teams and Airbus Defence and Space collaboratively modified software thresholds to reduce false detections. The adjustments allowed Gaia to refocus its twin telescopes and continue producing some of the highest quality data of its mission.

Scientists are delving into the origins of life by studying LUCA, the Last Universal Common Ancestor, a simple single-celled organism that lived around 4 billion years ago. Recent advancements in genetic analysis have allowed researchers to reconstruct LUCA's genome, offering insights into the basic biochemical processes that led to the diversity of life today. This research not only deepens our understanding of evolutionary biology but also holds potential clues for the existence of life on other planets.

Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated Asia's first health research-related "Pre-clinical Network Facility" under the Coalition of Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) at the Regional Centre of Biotechnology in Faridabad. The BRIC-THSTI facility, selected for its capability to handle BSL3 pathogens, is the 9th such network globally and the first in Asia. Dr. Singh also inaugurated the "Genetically Defined Human Associated Microbial Culture Collection (Ge-HuMic) Facility," which will serve as a repository for microbial cultures and foster collaborations in research. Celebrating the 14th Foundation Day of THSTI, Dr. Singh praised the institute's contributions to vaccine development and emphasized India's role in preventive healthcare. The event highlighted the institute’s achievements, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and outlined future directions for research and development.

On July 14, the Indian warship INS Teg rescued nine sailors, including eight Indians and one Sri Lankan, from the Comoros-flagged oil tanker MT Falcon Prestige, which capsized off the Oman coast. The vessel, with a crew of 16, sank 40 nautical kilometers southeast of Ras Madrakah in Oman. Indian Navy assets and Omani agencies continue search and rescue operations. The Indian Navy has deployed its maritime surveillance aircraft, P-8I, to assist in the efforts. The tanker was headed for Aden, Yemen, having departed from Dubai’s Hamriya port.

The Gujarat government has confirmed the deaths of six children and reported a total of 12 suspected cases of Chandipura virus (CHPV) infection since July 10. The virus, transmitted by sandflies and certain mosquito species, causes flu-like symptoms initially but can progress rapidly to severe neurological complications such as encephalitis. With no specific treatment or vaccine available, management focuses on symptomatic relief and controlling brain inflammation to reduce mortality. The outbreak underscores the endemic nature of CHPV in central India and highlights the need for continued vigilance and public health measures.

The Ministry of Defence has unveiled its fifth Positive Indigenisation List (PIL), consisting of 346 crucial defence items aimed at reducing import dependency and promoting domestic manufacturing. Valued at Rs 1,048 crore, these items will be procured exclusively from Indian industries after specified timelines for indigenisation. This initiative, supported by the SRIJAN PORTAL launched in 2020, encourages participation from DPSUs, MSMEs, and start-ups, furthering Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat'. With significant progress already made through previous PILs, this effort marks a substantial stride towards self-reliance in defence production.

The Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) has warned potato farmers across India of a high risk of late blight disease caused by Phytophthora Infestans, a fungal infection favored by cool, moist weather conditions. Director Brajesh Singh emphasized the importance of proactive management and timely fungicide application to prevent substantial yield losses. The advisory includes specific recommendations for fungicide use and stresses the need for proper field drainage and weed control. Additionally, Himachal Pradesh is highlighted as a significant hub for potato production, benefiting from ideal climatic conditions and low aphid populations, which contribute to high-quality potato seed and table potato cultivation.

Velmenni, a telecom startup, has been awarded a grant by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) under the Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) initiative for its groundbreaking Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology. This grant aims to bolster wireless communication within the defence sector, particularly addressing the unique challenges faced by the Navy in harsh environments. Li-Fi technology, which uses LED bulbs for data transmission through visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light, offers speeds up to 224GB per second, significantly outperforming current Wi-Fi capabilities. Velmenni's Li-Fi is expected to enhance data transmission, security, and performance for the Indian Navy, providing high-speed connections in areas where radio frequency communication is impractical. The iDEX program aligns with key government initiatives like Make in India, Startup India, and the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), fostering innovation within India’s defence sector.

Amid escalating tensions in the Indo-Pacific region, the United States has announced the withdrawal of its Mid-Range Capability (MRC) missile system from the northern Philippines by September. This decision follows objections from China over the presence of the Typhon missile system, capable of launching SM-6 and Tomahawk missiles. The deployment, aimed at enhancing US strategic capabilities in response to perceived threats, particularly from China, has sparked concerns about regional stability and security. The move underscores broader geopolitical dynamics, including the US withdrawal from the INF Treaty and China's expanding military influence in the region.

Meta has introduced a groundbreaking AI text-to-3D generator that allows users to transform textual descriptions into detailed and realistic 3D models. This advanced tool, powered by sophisticated machine learning algorithms, simplifies the process of 3D content creation, making it accessible to individuals without specialized skills. By analyzing and understanding textual input, the AI constructs accurate 3D representations, offering significant potential to revolutionize industries such as gaming, virtual reality, education, and e-commerce. This initiative is part of Meta's broader effort to integrate AI into creative processes, empowering creators and developers with more intuitive tools and opening new avenues for innovation and creativity.

Researchers, led by Professor Umesh V. Waghmare from JNCASR, Bengaluru, have delved into the mechanisms governing the flexibility of Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Their study, published in Physical Review B, introduces a novel theoretical measure to quantify the intrinsic mechanical flexibility of crystals. This breakthrough could revolutionize materials science by enabling the efficient screening of materials databases for next-generation flexible materials. The interdisciplinary collaboration highlights the fusion of theoretical insights with practical applications, promising significant advancements in various industrial sectors.

India has achieved a significant milestone in defense technology with the successful test-fire of Rudram-1, its first indigenous anti-radiation missile developed by DRDO for the Indian Air Force (IAF). This missile, integrated with Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jets, features advanced INS-GPS navigation and a Passive Homing Head, enhancing its precision in targeting radiation-emitting enemy assets. Rudram-1's operational flexibility and range bolster India's strategic capabilities, particularly in Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD) operations.

Researchers at the Garvan Institute have discovered potential cancer drivers within the often-dismissed non-coding regions of DNA. Previously considered as 'junk DNA', these regions may hold key mutations influencing the onset and progression of various cancers. The study, published in Nucleic Acids Research, highlights mutations in CTCF protein binding sites as pivotal in altering genome organization, impacting cancer development across at least 12 different types. This breakthrough opens avenues for novel diagnostic methods and treatments that could potentially address multiple cancer types simultaneously.

Scientists from the Swedish Museum of Natural History and collaborators have identified a new species of nightjar, named Caprimulgus ritae or the Timor nightjar, in the tropical forests of Timor and Wetar. Nightjars, medium-sized nocturnal insectivorous birds, are globally widespread except in Antarctica and certain islands. This new species, distinct from its relatives by at least 13 vocal characteristics, inhabits various types of tropical forests, primarily below 1,000 meters. Caprimulgus ritae is the fourth bird species endemic to both Timor and Wetar, with its distribution mirroring that of other local species. The recent colonization between Timor and Wetar is suggested by the lack of divergence in their cyt b sequences.

The Indian Army has launched the 13th edition of Exercise MAITREE alongside the Royal Thailand Army, scheduled from 1st to 15th July 2024 at Fort Vachiraprakan in Tak Province, Thailand. This joint military exercise aims to bolster military cooperation between India and Thailand, focusing on enhancing capabilities for Joint Counter Insurgency/Terrorist Operations in both jungle and urban environments. The exercise involves tactical drills such as creating Joint Operation and Intelligence Centers, deploying drones, and conducting various operations to foster interoperability and camaraderie between the participating contingents.

Researchers in France, in collaboration with Denmark’s Aarhus University and the Polytechnic University of Madrid, have uncovered a pivotal role for zinc in the health and productivity of legume crops. Published in Nature, their study reveals that zinc supports nitrogen fixation, a vital process for plant growth. This discovery not only enhances our understanding of plant biology but also offers promising avenues for improving crop resilience and yield in the face of climate change.

In a significant archaeological breakthrough, researchers have identified the first case of Down syndrome in a Neanderthal child named "Tina," discovered at Cova Negra in Valencia, Spain. Led by teams from the University of Alcalá and the University of Valencia, Spain, the study utilized advanced micro-computed tomography scans to examine Tina's remains, revealing congenital inner ear pathology associated with Down syndrome. This discovery challenges previous views of Neanderthals as lacking in empathy and social complexity, showcasing evidence of altruistic behavior within their communities. Published in Science Advances, the study underscores the compassionate and cooperative nature of Neanderthal societies, shedding new light on human evolution and social dynamics.

Nearly three years after launching its space tourism flights, Blue Origin, led by Jeff Bezos, has teamed up with the Space Exploration and Research Agency (SERA) to allow common Indian citizens to experience space travel. Selected astronauts will journey aboard Blue Origin's New Shepard spacecraft, a suborbital vehicle designed for both scientific research and space tourism. The spacecraft, named after the first American in space, Alan Shepard, offers a unique experience with its reusable booster and pressurized crew capsule that accommodates six passengers.

The release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in 2022 sparked a surge of interest in AI, leading to widespread adoption claims by tech companies. Despite this, actual implementation remains limited, with many companies accused of "AI washing"—exaggerating their AI capabilities to attract consumers. This phenomenon, akin to greenwashing in environmental claims, has drawn regulatory scrutiny. Examples include fines by the SEC for false AI claims and revelations about misleading AI demonstrations by major tech firms. The impact extends beyond tech giants, affecting industries from fast food to consumer electronics. Recommendations emphasize accurate representation and scrutiny to prevent AI washing, highlighting its potential to mislead consumers and hinder genuine technological innovation.

A 13-year-old boy from England, Oran Knowlson, has made medical history by being the first person with severe epilepsy to trial a new neurostimulator device implanted in his skull. The device, which sends electrical signals deep into the brain, has significantly reduced Oran's daytime seizures by 80%. This groundbreaking surgery, performed in October 2023 at Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, marks a major advancement in epilepsy care. The trial, conducted in collaboration with University College London, King's College Hospital, and Oxford University, aims to improve treatment for children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, a treatment-resistant form of epilepsy. The success of Oran's treatment has brought hope to many families affected by severe epilepsy and may pave the way for the neurostimulator to become a standard treatment in the future.

Researchers from Government College for Women have successfully developed a groundbreaking method utilizing microwave technology to derive high surface-area activated carbon from coconut husk. Led by Dr. Xavier T S, their work showcases a cost-effective approach with exceptional supercapacitor capabilities, published in Sustainable Resource Management. This achievement marks a significant leap in energy storage technology, offering sustainable solutions with wide-ranging applications in renewable energy systems and beyond.

India has achieved a significant advancement in explosives technology with the development of SEBEX 2, a high-performance explosive certified to be 2.01 times more lethal than standard TNT. Developed under the Make in India initiative by Economic Explosives Limited and rigorously tested by the Indian Navy, SEBEX 2 promises to revolutionize military ordnance by increasing destructive power without adding weight. It holds immense potential for export and positions India as a key player in global explosives innovation.

Astronomers using LOFAR have discovered a new radio galaxy, J0011+3217, characterized by its peculiar one-sided secondary lobe and intense radio emissions from its central cores. This discovery sheds light on the active phase of radio galaxies and the complex interactions between these celestial objects and their surrounding clusters.

NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter recently captured a panoramic view of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in our solar system, on March 11, 2024. This immense volcano covers an area of up to 373 miles and stands 17 miles tall on Mars. Since its arrival in 2001, the Odyssey orbiter has orbited Mars over 100,000 times, capturing 1.4 million images. The recent image provided unique insights into cloud formations, dust patterns, and atmospheric dynamics on Mars, contributing to our understanding of Martian geology and climate.

Indian Naval Ship INS Ranvir, part of the Eastern Fleet under the Eastern Naval Command, arrived at Chattogram, Bangladesh on 29th June 2024. The visit, following Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's recent state visit to India, aims to bolster mutual cooperation and maritime linkages between India and Bangladesh. Professional interactions such as Subject Matter Expert Exchange (SMEE), cross-deck visits, and sports fixtures are scheduled to enhance interoperability between the navies. INS Ranvir, a Rajput Class Guided Missile Destroyer, symbolizes India's commitment to self-reliance with upgraded indigenous weapons and sensors. The visit aligns with India's strategic initiative "Security and Growth for All in the Region" (SAGAR), emphasizing regional security and cooperation.

A new banking malware named ‘Snowblind’ has emerged, specifically targeting Android users with the aim of stealing banking credentials. This malware exploits a critical security feature to bypass anti-tamper protection within sensitive applications. Snowblind operates by repackaging applications, rendering them unable to detect the usage of accessibility features, which are then leveraged to extract sensitive data such as login credentials and gain remote access to compromised applications. Unlike conventional Android malware, Snowblind exploits the ‘seccomp’ feature to inject preemptive code that circumvents security measures, allowing discreet utilization of accessibility services for remote monitoring of victim screens. Snowblind also disables biometric and two-factor authentication commonly used in banking apps, primarily affecting users who download apps from untrusted sources, with significant activity reported in Southeast Asia.

Due to persistent rainfall in Kerala, the health department has issued warnings regarding various diseases, including amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri. The advisory emphasizes avoiding activities like bathing and diving in stagnant water. State Health Minister Veena George urges prompt medical consultation for symptoms such as prolonged fever and respiratory distress. Preventive measures include proper chlorination of water in public facilities and avoiding nasal exposure to untreated water during recreational activities.

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has launched a preliminary study focused on developing an indigenous conventional submarine. This initiative aims to enhance India's maritime defense capabilities and aligns with the government's vision of self-reliance in defense technology. The study will cover various aspects of submarine design, such as stealth capabilities, endurance, and weapon systems, to meet the Indian Navy's operational requirements. By leveraging indigenous technology, the DRDO seeks to reduce dependency on foreign suppliers and enhance the strategic autonomy of the Indian armed forces. The project involves collaboration with other defense agencies, research institutions, and the private sector, paving the way for advanced research and development in underwater warfare and bolstering India's maritime security.

Italy recently confirmed its inaugural case of Oropouche fever on June 15, marking the first instance of the disease's detection in continental Europe. Originating from the Caribbean, the disease is transmitted through mosquito bites and has previously affected regions in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brazil, for instance, has seen a surge in cases this year. The symptoms of Oropouche fever resemble those of dengue and include fever, headaches, joint pain, and occasionally nausea. Despite its spread, there is no specific vaccine or antiviral treatment available, highlighting ongoing global health concerns and research gaps.

ISRO has announced its collaboration with SpaceX to launch GSAT 20, a state-of-the-art communication satellite, using Falcon 9. This marks a strategic shift from relying on European launch providers and highlights ISRO's growing partnership with the American private sector. GSAT 20, weighing 4,700 kg with advanced capabilities, will enhance connectivity across India, particularly in Northeastern regions. The launch is scheduled for mid-August, underscoring India's ambitions in space technology and commercial satellite ventures.

The Legal Metrology Division of the Department of Consumer Affairs, Government of India, has introduced new draft rules under the Legal Metrology (General) Rules, 2011, aimed at regulating Evidential Breath Analysers. These rules seek to enhance the accuracy and reliability of breath analysers used in law enforcement and workplaces. Key provisions include standardized testing procedures, mandatory verification under the Legal Metrology Act, 2009, and technical requirements to ensure consistent and reliable results. The initiative aims to improve public safety by facilitating swift and accurate detection of blood alcohol concentration, thereby supporting effective enforcement and promoting responsible behavior.

Recent research has overturned the conventional belief that VEGFR1, previously considered inactive in cellular processes, actually plays a crucial role in promoting colon and renal cancers. By disguising itself as inactive within cancerous cells, VEGFR1 deceives traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This discovery, spearheaded by oncologists and molecular biologists, sheds light on how VEGFR1 contributes to tumor growth and resistance to current treatments. Dr. Emily Richards emphasized the evolutionary advantage of VEGFR1's deceptive behavior, suggesting new avenues for targeted cancer therapies. This breakthrough underscores the importance of continuous exploration in biomedical research to uncover unexpected mechanisms in disease progression.

A recent study published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommends universal screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using point-of-care testing. Conducted by researchers from leading medical institutions, the study emphasizes the importance of early detection in managing the health of pregnant women and their infants. Gestational diabetes, characterized by elevated blood sugar levels during pregnancy, poses significant risks if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Integrating point-of-care tests into routine prenatal care can facilitate timely identification of GDM, enabling healthcare providers to initiate interventions promptly. The study's findings underscore the need for universal adoption of systematic screening protocols to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes by reducing complications associated with undiagnosed GDM.

Recent observations from NASA's Juno spacecraft, utilizing its Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument, have unveiled a comprehensive view of Io's volcanic activity. The infrared data captured during flybys in 2023 and 2024 indicate that Io's surface is dotted with numerous lava lakes contained within caldera-like structures. These findings provide crucial insights into the volcanic processes at work on Io, highlighting the dynamic interaction between magma upwelling and surface crustal movements. The discoveries underscore Io's status as one of the most volcanically active bodies in our solar system, showcasing the valuable role of JIRAM in planetary exploration and understanding celestial bodies' geophysical processes.

In a recent symposium held at [City/Location], healthcare specialists and researchers gathered to address the challenges posed by Motor Neuron Disease (MND), focusing on improving patient outcomes and quality of life. The event featured keynote addresses highlighting multidisciplinary approaches to MND management, emphasizing recent advancements and personalized care strategies. Breakout sessions explored topics such as assistive technologies, palliative care, and psychological support, underscoring the importance of tailored treatment plans and collaborative efforts across medical specialties. The symposium concluded with a commitment to ongoing research and global collaboration to enhance treatment protocols and support systems for MND patients worldwide.

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully conducted six consecutive developmental trials of the High Speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT) ‘ABHYAS’ at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha. These trials mark a total of 10 successful developmental tests, validating ABHYAS's reliability and enhanced features. The trials included improvements in radar cross-section and augmentation systems, validating mission objectives such as safe booster release and endurance. ABHYAS, designed for autonomous flying with advanced navigation and data recording capabilities, is poised for production with the involvement of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Larsen & Toubro. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh commended DRDO, armed forces, and industry for their collaboration, emphasizing ABHYAS's cost-effectiveness and potential for export.

On June 26, 2024, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) officially handed over the Medium Range-Microwave Obscurant Chaff Rocket (MR-MOCR) to the Indian Navy in a ceremony in New Delhi. Developed by DRDO’s Defence Laboratory in Jodhpur, the Microwave Obscurant Chaff (MOC) technology creates a microwave shield to obscure radar signals, reducing radar detection of platforms and assets. The MR-MOCR features special fibres that form a persistent microwave obscurant cloud, providing effective defense against threats with Radio Frequency seekers. Successful trials showed significant radar cross-section reduction, and the technology has been praised by officials including Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh for advancing India's self-reliance in defense technology.

In a significant development for Australia-India space relations, Space Machines Company has signed a Launch Service Agreement with NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) to launch their Optimus spacecraft aboard NSIL's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) in 2026. Named Space MAITRI, the mission aims to enhance technology, research, and innovation ties between the two nations, focusing on debris management and sustainable space operations. The agreement, formalized at the India Space Congress 2024 in Delhi, underscores a growing strategic partnership in the global space sector.

Russia has escalated its air strikes on Ukrainian airfields, notably targeting infrastructure crucial for hosting F-16 fighter jets. The attacks, including the use of sea-launched cruise missiles, aim to dismantle Ukrainian defenses and reduce the effectiveness of incoming aircraft. As tensions rise, Ukraine intensifies efforts to bolster its air defenses and degrade Russian air capabilities, amid international calls for increased support.

The Indian Air Force (IAF) has proposed acquiring 10 TAPAS drones, developed indigenously by DRDO, to bolster unmanned surveillance capabilities. Six drones are allocated for the IAF and four for the Indian Navy, with the IAF leading the acquisition process. Despite current operational limitations, the drones aim to meet future defence needs, supported by ongoing development efforts. This move underscores India's commitment to self-reliance in defence technology and strengthens its strategic surveillance capabilities.

The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has achieved a significant milestone with the completion of its 350th contract under the Innovation for Defence Excellence (iDEX) initiative. This milestone underscores India's commitment to promoting indigenous defence technology and self-reliance in defence production. The latest contract focuses on advancing miniaturised satellite technology, crucial for enhancing reconnaissance, communication, and strategic capabilities. This achievement highlights the strategic importance of technological advancements in bolstering national security and marks a collaborative effort towards achieving greater self-sufficiency in defence production.

Astronomers using the ALMA telescope have uncovered new insights into how planets form around binary star systems. Presented at the American Astronomical Society meeting, the study focused on binary systems like F.O Tau and D.F. Tau. By analyzing the circumstellar disks of gas and dust around these stars, researchers found significant differences between systems that could affect their ability to form planets. Systems with slower stellar rotation and more circular orbits, like F.O Tau, were observed to be more conducive to planet formation compared to systems with faster rotation and elongated orbits. These findings advance our understanding of planetary formation beyond our solar system and anticipate further discoveries with the upcoming Square Kilometer Array telescope.

Mizoram is grappling with a severe outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF) since February, causing significant losses to its pig population. The disease has spread across multiple districts, leading to extensive culling measures and economic impacts on the local pork industry.

India and the United States are in discussions about co-producing American Javelin missiles in India to meet the Indian military's significant need for advanced anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs). This dialogue took place during a high-level US visit to India, highlighting the two nations' efforts to expand their defense cooperation. Previous attempts to acquire third-generation ATGMs from global sources have been unsuccessful, prompting India to procure Israeli Spike ATGMs under emergency conditions. Additionally, India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is working on the indigenous development of the Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MP-ATGM), which will soon undergo trials. The discussions include identifying an Indian partner for the joint production of the missile system, while American defense companies Raytheon and Lockheed Martin, developers of the Javelin missile, have previously showcased its capabilities to Indian officials.

India and the United States are making significant strides in their defense cooperation through discussions on the joint production of Stryker armoured combat vehicles. This collaboration aims to enhance military capabilities and strengthen security ties amidst regional challenges. Officials from both nations are engaged in detailed talks to finalize the specifics of the partnership, which includes technology transfer, skill development, and establishing manufacturing facilities in India. The initiative aligns with India's 'Make in India' initiative, fostering self-reliance in defense manufacturing. This strategic move underscores the deepening defense and strategic partnership between India and the United States, with anticipated benefits including enhanced interoperability and a strengthened defense industrial base. The successful conclusion of these talks is expected to pave the way for further collaborations, solidifying robust defense ties between the two countries.

A collaborative effort by scientists from Assam, Odisha, China, and the UK has resulted in the creation of a novel water-repellent catalyst. This innovation is set to significantly reduce the cost of producing environmentally friendly biodiesel.

The SVOM (Space Variable Objects Monitor) satellite, a joint venture between French and Chinese space agencies, was successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwestern China. Its primary objective is to detect and study gamma-ray bursts, which are intense cosmic events resulting from star explosions or mergers. Gamma-ray bursts provide invaluable insights into the universe's evolution and dynamics, emitting energy equivalent to billions of suns. The launch signifies significant international cooperation in space exploration despite geopolitical challenges. SVOM's advanced capabilities include real-time data transmission from its orbit 625 kilometers above Earth, enabling swift response to gamma-ray burst detections for detailed observational studies. This mission underscores the importance of studying extreme cosmic phenomena to enhance our understanding of fundamental astrophysical processes.

Bollywood playback legend Alka Yagnik has revealed her diagnosis of sensorineural nerve hearing loss (SNHL) following a recent viral infection. In an Instagram post, she shared her experience of suddenly losing her hearing after a flight and emphasized the risks of loud music and headphone use. SNHL, characterized by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve pathways, can result from various factors including viral infections, prolonged exposure to loud noises, and aging. While SNHL is often irreversible, treatments such as medications, hearing aids, and cochlear implants can help manage symptoms. Experts stress the importance of early diagnosis and caution in protecting hearing health against preventable causes.

A recent study conducted by China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) asserts that their tactical ballistic missile, the Fire Dragon 480, has the capability to sink US Ticonderoga-class cruisers patrolling the Red Sea. The study, published in the journal Command Control & Simulation, details simulations where the PLA utilized combinations of drones and guided rockets to overwhelm US naval defenses. Despite defensive measures employed by US ships, including advanced missile systems and close-in weapon systems, the simulations resulted in the sinking of one cruiser. The PLA highlighted the Fire Dragon 480's precision-guided sensors, which allow it to accurately target and strike moving vessels, making it a formidable weapon in maritime scenarios. However, experts remain cautious, noting the limitations of the missile compared to more advanced systems in other military arsenals.

Anthropic has unveiled Claude 3.5 Sonnet, its latest AI model, positioning it as a formidable competitor in the field of large language models (LLMs). Promising twice the speed of its predecessor, Claude 3 Opus, Claude 3.5 Sonnet excels in complex tasks such as customer support and workflow management. Anthropic claims the model sets new benchmarks in language understanding, reasoning, and knowledge comprehension, demonstrating superior performance in various industry-standard tests. Additionally, Claude 3.5 Sonnet showcases robust vision capabilities, enhancing its utility in sectors reliant on visual data analysis like retail and logistics. This launch highlights Anthropic's commitment to pushing AI boundaries and delivering advanced solutions across diverse applications.

Militant groups in Jammu and Kashmir have introduced a new threat with the deployment of liquid improvised explosive devices (IEDs). These devices, composed of volatile chemicals, can be easily concealed, presenting significant challenges in detection and neutralization for security forces. The development underscores the evolving nature of terrorist tactics in the region, prompting intensified surveillance and public awareness campaigns. Analysts warn that the proliferation of liquid IEDs could escalate violence and hinder efforts for peace and stability. Continuous adaptation and cooperation among security forces are crucial in addressing these evolving security threats effectively.

Pakistan's recent implementation of a sophisticated firewall system to regulate social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube has drawn significant international scrutiny. Critics argue that the firewall, similar to systems used in China, threatens freedom of expression and could hinder Pakistan's digital economy. While Pakistani officials defend these measures as necessary for combating misinformation and ensuring national security, advocacy groups emphasize the need for transparency and clarity in the implementation of such restrictive measures. The ongoing debate not only affects Pakistan's digital future but also resonates globally, impacting discussions on internet governance and the protection of fundamental rights.

Ingenious Research Solutions Pvt Ltd., founded by Dr. Shivani Verma after winning the Dare to Dream Innovation contest 2.0 organized by DRDO, has developed "Divya Drishti," an innovative AI tool. This tool integrates facial recognition with gait analysis, setting new standards in biometric authentication technology. Developed under the guidance of DRDO's Centre for Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (CAIR) in Bangalore, "Divya Drishti" aims to enhance accuracy and reliability in identification across Defence, Law Enforcement, Corporate, and Public Infrastructure sectors. The initiative supports DRDO's vision of 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' (self-reliant India) by promoting innovation in defence and aerospace industries through initiatives like the Technology Development Fund (TDF).

The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a comprehensive strategy aimed at tackling the escalating crisis of kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis, in Eastern Africa. This life-threatening parasitic disease, transmitted by sand flies, predominantly affects impoverished populations in remote areas, causing severe symptoms if untreated. The new framework emphasizes early case detection, effective treatment, vector control, community engagement, and health system strengthening. It aims to foster collaboration among governments, international partners, and local communities to achieve sustainable disease control and improve health outcomes in the region. Health experts and humanitarian organizations have cautiously welcomed the initiative, emphasizing the need for adaptation to local contexts and swift resource mobilization for its success.

A groundbreaking study aboard the International Space Station (ISS) has uncovered a multi-drug-resistant pathogen, belonging to the gram-negative bacteria family. The discovery, detailed in the Journal of Microgravity Research, has raised concerns for space exploration and human health. Lead microbiologist Dr. Emily Chang expressed astonishment at the findings, emphasizing the need for stringent microbial monitoring and infection control measures in space. As space agencies plan for missions to the Moon and Mars, collaboration with experts is underway to combat and contain these organisms. Enhancing sanitation protocols and minimizing contaminant introduction are crucial for safeguarding the health of future space travelers. This discovery underscores the urgency of addressing emerging health threats as humanity ventures further into space.

SpaceX, led by Elon Musk, reached a significant milestone as its Starship rocket completed its first fully successful test flight. The mission showcased the potential of Starship to revolutionize space travel with its reusability and heavy payload capacity. The test flight demonstrated the separation of the Super Heavy booster and the spacecraft, both making gentle splashdowns after an hour-long sub-orbital space flight. Starship's design, including its massive size and powerful engines, positions it as a key player in future space exploration missions, including those to the Moon and Mars. However, challenges remain, including the need to prove safety and reliability while keeping costs low.

In a groundbreaking development for marine navigation and scientific research, engineers have introduced a portable atomic clock tailored specifically for maritime applications. This innovative device, utilizing cutting-edge atomic physics principles, promises unparalleled precision in timekeeping regardless of external conditions. Its ability to ensure precise synchronization across maritime instruments and communication systems holds significant implications for navigation safety and efficiency at sea. Furthermore, the portable atomic clock is poised to revolutionize scientific research in remote marine environments, offering researchers a reliable tool for advancing fields such as oceanography, meteorology, and marine biology. Currently undergoing extensive field testing, this technology represents a significant milestone in redefining timekeeping standards in maritime operations.

Researchers from the Innovative Genomics Institute at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB), have made a significant advancement in gene editing by using CRISPR/Cas9 to enhance gene expression in food crops. Unlike previous studies focusing on gene knockouts, this research, published in Science Advances, successfully increased gene expression and photosynthetic activity. The team targeted upstream regulatory DNA to boost the expression of the PsbS gene, involved in photoprotection, without introducing foreign DNA. This approach could potentially enhance crop efficiency and adaptability to climate change. The study, part of the Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) project, demonstrates the potential for rapid, precise improvements in crop traits, although the method remains challenging and rare, with only 1% of plants exhibiting the desired phenotype. The findings could pave the way for regulatory-friendly advancements in agricultural biotechnology.

A new quantum computing study has made significant progress in the production, storage, and retrieval of quantum data, bringing us closer to the development of a quantum internet. This advancement addresses the primary issue of quantum information instability over long distances.

Stanford University researchers, led by Manu Prakash, have delved into the intricate world of Lacrymaria olor, a single-cell organism exhibiting mesmerizing behavior akin to origami. Over seven years of study, Prakash and his team uncovered a new geometric mechanism encoded within the organism's cytoskeletal structure, allowing it to produce remarkably complex behavior without a nervous system. Their findings, published in Science, highlight the mathematical precision and singular control behind Lacrymaria olor's fascinating movements, paving the way for potential applications in microscale "living machines" for fields ranging from space exploration to medical robotics.

Recent sightings of US Navy F/A-18 Super Hornets carrying SM-6 missiles have sparked interest, prompting discussions on their integration and capabilities. Originally designed for surface launch, the SM-6 has evolved into a multi-role weapon, used for air defense, anti-surface warfare, and ballistic missile defense by the US Navy and Army. Operational deployments against Houthi militants and participation in international military drills have drawn attention, particularly from China. Successful tests have showcased the missile's precision and effectiveness, leading to international sales approval, highlighting its importance amid ongoing missile developments.

Recent research from Stockholm University, published in the journal Science, reveals that brown fat, a critical heat-producing organ, evolved exclusively in modern placental mammals about 100 million years ago. The study, in collaboration with Helmholtz Munich, the Natural History Museum Berlin, and the University of East Anglia, demonstrated that marsupials possess an underdeveloped form of brown fat. The heat-producing protein UCP1 became active post the evolutionary split between placental and marsupial mammals, providing key insights into mammalian evolution and metabolism. This research has significant implications for understanding and treating metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.