On 23 July, Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) successfully launched the first indigenously-built Talwar class frigate, 'Triput'. This significant milestone comes shortly after reports indicated Russia's plan to deliver the first of the same class, 'Tushil', to the Indian Navy by September 2024, with a second frigate, 'Tamal', expected by February 2025. This launch is part of a 2016 agreement between India and Russia for four Admiral Grigorovich class frigates, with two to be built in India through technology transfer. The Indian Navy currently operates six ships of this class, equipped with advanced weaponry and versatile capabilities. Despite facing delays due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, the project marks a notable advancement in India's maritime strength.

Meta has introduced Llama 3.1, the latest version of its open-source artificial intelligence model. This innovative model is designed to foster transparency, collaboration, and innovation within the AI community. Open-source AI models, like Llama 3.1, provide the public with access to their design and implementation, allowing for widespread enhancements and applications. The potential global impact of Llama 3.1 spans various sectors, including healthcare, education, business, and scientific research.

Recent research has revealed a promising new use for a medication traditionally employed to treat blood clots. This drug, known for its effectiveness in managing thrombotic conditions, has demonstrated potential in counteracting the severe effects of cobra venom. Cobra venom, which can cause significant health issues including bleeding disorders and tissue damage, was found to be mitigated by the drug in test models. This breakthrough opens doors for the development of more effective antivenoms and enhanced treatment options for snakebite victims. Further research is required to fully understand the drug's mechanisms and confirm its clinical efficacy, but the findings suggest a significant advancement in both toxicology and pharmacology.

Researchers have discovered magnetofossils—fossilized magnetic particles from magnetotactic bacteria—in rock varnish layers in Ladakh, India. This finding suggests that biotic processes contribute to the formation of rock varnish and demonstrates how life can thrive in extreme environments. The study, conducted by scientists from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP), reveals that Ladakh's rock varnish contains enriched magnetic minerals, potentially originating from biotic sources. This discovery is significant for astrobiology, as it offers a valuable terrestrial analogue for Martian studies and could aid in identifying habitable environments on Mars. The research underscores the importance of rock varnish in preserving ancient environmental records and planning future space missions.

The Indian Navy is investigating the mysterious capsizing of the guided-missile frigate INS Brahmaputra, an incident that adds to a troubling series of recent naval accidents. The investigation aims to uncover the causes of the accident, amidst growing concerns about the safety and operational readiness of the naval fleet. The string of incidents has highlighted potential issues within the fleet's maintenance and training protocols, prompting a comprehensive review of safety measures and operational practices to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of naval vessels.

Scientists at the Agharkar Research Institute (ARI) in India have identified a new strain of lactic acid bacteria, named MCC0200, which holds significant potential for improving human health. This newly discovered probiotic strain has demonstrated a strong affinity for intestinal surfaces, enhancing gut health and exhibiting antioxidant properties to combat oxidative stress. Additionally, MCC0200’s ability to assimilate cholesterol could lower serum cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Researchers believe that MCC0200 could be a valuable candidate for applications in both the food and pharmaceutical industries, offering promising benefits for overall wellness.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has reached a significant milestone by successfully conducting an experimental flight of its innovative air-breathing propulsion system. This system utilizes atmospheric oxygen for combustion, potentially making space travel more efficient and cost-effective. The experimental flight aimed to validate the technology and gather data for future improvements. This success highlights ISRO's dedication to advancing space technology and sets the stage for further development and integration of this propulsion system in upcoming space missions.

Armenia's interest in acquiring India's Pralay missile marks a significant opportunity for India to enhance its position as a missile exporter. The Pralay missile, developed by DRDO, is a mobile, canister-based Surface-to-Surface Short-Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM) with a range of 150-500 km. Its advanced features, including quasi-ballistic trajectory and radar signature reduction, make it challenging to intercept, offering strategic advantages over traditional ballistic missiles.

Brazil, the leading global chicken exporter, has temporarily stopped poultry exports to several countries following a Newcastle disease outbreak in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The outbreak led to the death of approximately 7,000 birds on a local farm, with an additional 7,000 culled as part of containment measures. The restrictions, which could impact 50,000 to 60,000 metric tons of poultry exports, affect sales to 44 countries, including China and Japan. The agriculture ministry has declared an animal health emergency and is enforcing export limits according to World Organisation for Animal Health guidelines. This is Brazil's first Newcastle disease outbreak since 2006.

A study conducted by researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi in Himachal Pradesh has found that Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) technology exhibits the least environmental impact among various solar cell technologies in India. The study assessed five solar cell technologies—CdTe, mono-silicon, polysilicon, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS), and Passivated Emitter & Rear Contact (PERC)—using a detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool that considered eighteen environmental impact categories. CdTe emerged as the most environmentally friendly option, followed closely by CIGS. The research emphasizes the importance of LCA in guiding policymakers toward sustainable technology choices, with future studies planned to include the recycling and end-of-life phases of solar technology. Despite advancements in clean energy, challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted India's solar supply chain. The study aims to support India's shift towards green solar manufacturing, aligning with global clean energy goals.

A group of 32 scientists from 10 countries, including researchers from Finland, Poland, India, China, USA, Czech Republic, Japan, Germany, Spain, and Italy, have observed the presence of a smaller black hole orbiting a larger one in the galaxy OJ 287 for the first time. This discovery was confirmed by multiple international research groups and NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The study's findings indicate the difficulty in directly imaging the smaller black hole due to the galaxy's great distance, but it is expected to emit detectable nano-Hertz gravitational waves in the future.

The European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft, launched in December 2013 to map over a billion stars in the Milky Way, recently faced and addressed significant challenges. In April, Gaia was struck by a high-speed micrometeoroid, damaging its protective cover and allowing stray sunlight to interfere with its sensors. This was followed by a charge coupled device (CCD) failure in May, coinciding with a solar storm that led to thousands of false readings. Despite these setbacks, ESA's teams and Airbus Defence and Space collaboratively modified software thresholds to reduce false detections. The adjustments allowed Gaia to refocus its twin telescopes and continue producing some of the highest quality data of its mission.

Scientists are delving into the origins of life by studying LUCA, the Last Universal Common Ancestor, a simple single-celled organism that lived around 4 billion years ago. Recent advancements in genetic analysis have allowed researchers to reconstruct LUCA's genome, offering insights into the basic biochemical processes that led to the diversity of life today. This research not only deepens our understanding of evolutionary biology but also holds potential clues for the existence of life on other planets.

Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated Asia's first health research-related "Pre-clinical Network Facility" under the Coalition of Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) at the Regional Centre of Biotechnology in Faridabad. The BRIC-THSTI facility, selected for its capability to handle BSL3 pathogens, is the 9th such network globally and the first in Asia. Dr. Singh also inaugurated the "Genetically Defined Human Associated Microbial Culture Collection (Ge-HuMic) Facility," which will serve as a repository for microbial cultures and foster collaborations in research. Celebrating the 14th Foundation Day of THSTI, Dr. Singh praised the institute's contributions to vaccine development and emphasized India's role in preventive healthcare. The event highlighted the institute’s achievements, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and outlined future directions for research and development.

On July 14, the Indian warship INS Teg rescued nine sailors, including eight Indians and one Sri Lankan, from the Comoros-flagged oil tanker MT Falcon Prestige, which capsized off the Oman coast. The vessel, with a crew of 16, sank 40 nautical kilometers southeast of Ras Madrakah in Oman. Indian Navy assets and Omani agencies continue search and rescue operations. The Indian Navy has deployed its maritime surveillance aircraft, P-8I, to assist in the efforts. The tanker was headed for Aden, Yemen, having departed from Dubai’s Hamriya port.

The Gujarat government has confirmed the deaths of six children and reported a total of 12 suspected cases of Chandipura virus (CHPV) infection since July 10. The virus, transmitted by sandflies and certain mosquito species, causes flu-like symptoms initially but can progress rapidly to severe neurological complications such as encephalitis. With no specific treatment or vaccine available, management focuses on symptomatic relief and controlling brain inflammation to reduce mortality. The outbreak underscores the endemic nature of CHPV in central India and highlights the need for continued vigilance and public health measures.

The Ministry of Defence has unveiled its fifth Positive Indigenisation List (PIL), consisting of 346 crucial defence items aimed at reducing import dependency and promoting domestic manufacturing. Valued at Rs 1,048 crore, these items will be procured exclusively from Indian industries after specified timelines for indigenisation. This initiative, supported by the SRIJAN PORTAL launched in 2020, encourages participation from DPSUs, MSMEs, and start-ups, furthering Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat'. With significant progress already made through previous PILs, this effort marks a substantial stride towards self-reliance in defence production.

The Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) has warned potato farmers across India of a high risk of late blight disease caused by Phytophthora Infestans, a fungal infection favored by cool, moist weather conditions. Director Brajesh Singh emphasized the importance of proactive management and timely fungicide application to prevent substantial yield losses. The advisory includes specific recommendations for fungicide use and stresses the need for proper field drainage and weed control. Additionally, Himachal Pradesh is highlighted as a significant hub for potato production, benefiting from ideal climatic conditions and low aphid populations, which contribute to high-quality potato seed and table potato cultivation.

Velmenni, a telecom startup, has been awarded a grant by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) under the Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) initiative for its groundbreaking Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology. This grant aims to bolster wireless communication within the defence sector, particularly addressing the unique challenges faced by the Navy in harsh environments. Li-Fi technology, which uses LED bulbs for data transmission through visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light, offers speeds up to 224GB per second, significantly outperforming current Wi-Fi capabilities. Velmenni's Li-Fi is expected to enhance data transmission, security, and performance for the Indian Navy, providing high-speed connections in areas where radio frequency communication is impractical. The iDEX program aligns with key government initiatives like Make in India, Startup India, and the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), fostering innovation within India’s defence sector.

Amid escalating tensions in the Indo-Pacific region, the United States has announced the withdrawal of its Mid-Range Capability (MRC) missile system from the northern Philippines by September. This decision follows objections from China over the presence of the Typhon missile system, capable of launching SM-6 and Tomahawk missiles. The deployment, aimed at enhancing US strategic capabilities in response to perceived threats, particularly from China, has sparked concerns about regional stability and security. The move underscores broader geopolitical dynamics, including the US withdrawal from the INF Treaty and China's expanding military influence in the region.

Meta has introduced a groundbreaking AI text-to-3D generator that allows users to transform textual descriptions into detailed and realistic 3D models. This advanced tool, powered by sophisticated machine learning algorithms, simplifies the process of 3D content creation, making it accessible to individuals without specialized skills. By analyzing and understanding textual input, the AI constructs accurate 3D representations, offering significant potential to revolutionize industries such as gaming, virtual reality, education, and e-commerce. This initiative is part of Meta's broader effort to integrate AI into creative processes, empowering creators and developers with more intuitive tools and opening new avenues for innovation and creativity.

Researchers, led by Professor Umesh V. Waghmare from JNCASR, Bengaluru, have delved into the mechanisms governing the flexibility of Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Their study, published in Physical Review B, introduces a novel theoretical measure to quantify the intrinsic mechanical flexibility of crystals. This breakthrough could revolutionize materials science by enabling the efficient screening of materials databases for next-generation flexible materials. The interdisciplinary collaboration highlights the fusion of theoretical insights with practical applications, promising significant advancements in various industrial sectors.

India has achieved a significant milestone in defense technology with the successful test-fire of Rudram-1, its first indigenous anti-radiation missile developed by DRDO for the Indian Air Force (IAF). This missile, integrated with Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jets, features advanced INS-GPS navigation and a Passive Homing Head, enhancing its precision in targeting radiation-emitting enemy assets. Rudram-1's operational flexibility and range bolster India's strategic capabilities, particularly in Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD) operations.

Researchers at the Garvan Institute have discovered potential cancer drivers within the often-dismissed non-coding regions of DNA. Previously considered as 'junk DNA', these regions may hold key mutations influencing the onset and progression of various cancers. The study, published in Nucleic Acids Research, highlights mutations in CTCF protein binding sites as pivotal in altering genome organization, impacting cancer development across at least 12 different types. This breakthrough opens avenues for novel diagnostic methods and treatments that could potentially address multiple cancer types simultaneously.

Scientists from the Swedish Museum of Natural History and collaborators have identified a new species of nightjar, named Caprimulgus ritae or the Timor nightjar, in the tropical forests of Timor and Wetar. Nightjars, medium-sized nocturnal insectivorous birds, are globally widespread except in Antarctica and certain islands. This new species, distinct from its relatives by at least 13 vocal characteristics, inhabits various types of tropical forests, primarily below 1,000 meters. Caprimulgus ritae is the fourth bird species endemic to both Timor and Wetar, with its distribution mirroring that of other local species. The recent colonization between Timor and Wetar is suggested by the lack of divergence in their cyt b sequences.

The Indian Army has launched the 13th edition of Exercise MAITREE alongside the Royal Thailand Army, scheduled from 1st to 15th July 2024 at Fort Vachiraprakan in Tak Province, Thailand. This joint military exercise aims to bolster military cooperation between India and Thailand, focusing on enhancing capabilities for Joint Counter Insurgency/Terrorist Operations in both jungle and urban environments. The exercise involves tactical drills such as creating Joint Operation and Intelligence Centers, deploying drones, and conducting various operations to foster interoperability and camaraderie between the participating contingents.

Researchers in France, in collaboration with Denmark’s Aarhus University and the Polytechnic University of Madrid, have uncovered a pivotal role for zinc in the health and productivity of legume crops. Published in Nature, their study reveals that zinc supports nitrogen fixation, a vital process for plant growth. This discovery not only enhances our understanding of plant biology but also offers promising avenues for improving crop resilience and yield in the face of climate change.

In a significant archaeological breakthrough, researchers have identified the first case of Down syndrome in a Neanderthal child named "Tina," discovered at Cova Negra in Valencia, Spain. Led by teams from the University of Alcalá and the University of Valencia, Spain, the study utilized advanced micro-computed tomography scans to examine Tina's remains, revealing congenital inner ear pathology associated with Down syndrome. This discovery challenges previous views of Neanderthals as lacking in empathy and social complexity, showcasing evidence of altruistic behavior within their communities. Published in Science Advances, the study underscores the compassionate and cooperative nature of Neanderthal societies, shedding new light on human evolution and social dynamics.

Nearly three years after launching its space tourism flights, Blue Origin, led by Jeff Bezos, has teamed up with the Space Exploration and Research Agency (SERA) to allow common Indian citizens to experience space travel. Selected astronauts will journey aboard Blue Origin's New Shepard spacecraft, a suborbital vehicle designed for both scientific research and space tourism. The spacecraft, named after the first American in space, Alan Shepard, offers a unique experience with its reusable booster and pressurized crew capsule that accommodates six passengers.

The release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in 2022 sparked a surge of interest in AI, leading to widespread adoption claims by tech companies. Despite this, actual implementation remains limited, with many companies accused of "AI washing"—exaggerating their AI capabilities to attract consumers. This phenomenon, akin to greenwashing in environmental claims, has drawn regulatory scrutiny. Examples include fines by the SEC for false AI claims and revelations about misleading AI demonstrations by major tech firms. The impact extends beyond tech giants, affecting industries from fast food to consumer electronics. Recommendations emphasize accurate representation and scrutiny to prevent AI washing, highlighting its potential to mislead consumers and hinder genuine technological innovation.

A 13-year-old boy from England, Oran Knowlson, has made medical history by being the first person with severe epilepsy to trial a new neurostimulator device implanted in his skull. The device, which sends electrical signals deep into the brain, has significantly reduced Oran's daytime seizures by 80%. This groundbreaking surgery, performed in October 2023 at Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, marks a major advancement in epilepsy care. The trial, conducted in collaboration with University College London, King's College Hospital, and Oxford University, aims to improve treatment for children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, a treatment-resistant form of epilepsy. The success of Oran's treatment has brought hope to many families affected by severe epilepsy and may pave the way for the neurostimulator to become a standard treatment in the future.

Researchers from Government College for Women have successfully developed a groundbreaking method utilizing microwave technology to derive high surface-area activated carbon from coconut husk. Led by Dr. Xavier T S, their work showcases a cost-effective approach with exceptional supercapacitor capabilities, published in Sustainable Resource Management. This achievement marks a significant leap in energy storage technology, offering sustainable solutions with wide-ranging applications in renewable energy systems and beyond.

India has achieved a significant advancement in explosives technology with the development of SEBEX 2, a high-performance explosive certified to be 2.01 times more lethal than standard TNT. Developed under the Make in India initiative by Economic Explosives Limited and rigorously tested by the Indian Navy, SEBEX 2 promises to revolutionize military ordnance by increasing destructive power without adding weight. It holds immense potential for export and positions India as a key player in global explosives innovation.

Astronomers using LOFAR have discovered a new radio galaxy, J0011+3217, characterized by its peculiar one-sided secondary lobe and intense radio emissions from its central cores. This discovery sheds light on the active phase of radio galaxies and the complex interactions between these celestial objects and their surrounding clusters.

NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter recently captured a panoramic view of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in our solar system, on March 11, 2024. This immense volcano covers an area of up to 373 miles and stands 17 miles tall on Mars. Since its arrival in 2001, the Odyssey orbiter has orbited Mars over 100,000 times, capturing 1.4 million images. The recent image provided unique insights into cloud formations, dust patterns, and atmospheric dynamics on Mars, contributing to our understanding of Martian geology and climate.

Indian Naval Ship INS Ranvir, part of the Eastern Fleet under the Eastern Naval Command, arrived at Chattogram, Bangladesh on 29th June 2024. The visit, following Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's recent state visit to India, aims to bolster mutual cooperation and maritime linkages between India and Bangladesh. Professional interactions such as Subject Matter Expert Exchange (SMEE), cross-deck visits, and sports fixtures are scheduled to enhance interoperability between the navies. INS Ranvir, a Rajput Class Guided Missile Destroyer, symbolizes India's commitment to self-reliance with upgraded indigenous weapons and sensors. The visit aligns with India's strategic initiative "Security and Growth for All in the Region" (SAGAR), emphasizing regional security and cooperation.

A new banking malware named ‘Snowblind’ has emerged, specifically targeting Android users with the aim of stealing banking credentials. This malware exploits a critical security feature to bypass anti-tamper protection within sensitive applications. Snowblind operates by repackaging applications, rendering them unable to detect the usage of accessibility features, which are then leveraged to extract sensitive data such as login credentials and gain remote access to compromised applications. Unlike conventional Android malware, Snowblind exploits the ‘seccomp’ feature to inject preemptive code that circumvents security measures, allowing discreet utilization of accessibility services for remote monitoring of victim screens. Snowblind also disables biometric and two-factor authentication commonly used in banking apps, primarily affecting users who download apps from untrusted sources, with significant activity reported in Southeast Asia.

Due to persistent rainfall in Kerala, the health department has issued warnings regarding various diseases, including amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri. The advisory emphasizes avoiding activities like bathing and diving in stagnant water. State Health Minister Veena George urges prompt medical consultation for symptoms such as prolonged fever and respiratory distress. Preventive measures include proper chlorination of water in public facilities and avoiding nasal exposure to untreated water during recreational activities.

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has launched a preliminary study focused on developing an indigenous conventional submarine. This initiative aims to enhance India's maritime defense capabilities and aligns with the government's vision of self-reliance in defense technology. The study will cover various aspects of submarine design, such as stealth capabilities, endurance, and weapon systems, to meet the Indian Navy's operational requirements. By leveraging indigenous technology, the DRDO seeks to reduce dependency on foreign suppliers and enhance the strategic autonomy of the Indian armed forces. The project involves collaboration with other defense agencies, research institutions, and the private sector, paving the way for advanced research and development in underwater warfare and bolstering India's maritime security.

Italy recently confirmed its inaugural case of Oropouche fever on June 15, marking the first instance of the disease's detection in continental Europe. Originating from the Caribbean, the disease is transmitted through mosquito bites and has previously affected regions in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brazil, for instance, has seen a surge in cases this year. The symptoms of Oropouche fever resemble those of dengue and include fever, headaches, joint pain, and occasionally nausea. Despite its spread, there is no specific vaccine or antiviral treatment available, highlighting ongoing global health concerns and research gaps.

ISRO has announced its collaboration with SpaceX to launch GSAT 20, a state-of-the-art communication satellite, using Falcon 9. This marks a strategic shift from relying on European launch providers and highlights ISRO's growing partnership with the American private sector. GSAT 20, weighing 4,700 kg with advanced capabilities, will enhance connectivity across India, particularly in Northeastern regions. The launch is scheduled for mid-August, underscoring India's ambitions in space technology and commercial satellite ventures.

The Legal Metrology Division of the Department of Consumer Affairs, Government of India, has introduced new draft rules under the Legal Metrology (General) Rules, 2011, aimed at regulating Evidential Breath Analysers. These rules seek to enhance the accuracy and reliability of breath analysers used in law enforcement and workplaces. Key provisions include standardized testing procedures, mandatory verification under the Legal Metrology Act, 2009, and technical requirements to ensure consistent and reliable results. The initiative aims to improve public safety by facilitating swift and accurate detection of blood alcohol concentration, thereby supporting effective enforcement and promoting responsible behavior.

Recent research has overturned the conventional belief that VEGFR1, previously considered inactive in cellular processes, actually plays a crucial role in promoting colon and renal cancers. By disguising itself as inactive within cancerous cells, VEGFR1 deceives traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This discovery, spearheaded by oncologists and molecular biologists, sheds light on how VEGFR1 contributes to tumor growth and resistance to current treatments. Dr. Emily Richards emphasized the evolutionary advantage of VEGFR1's deceptive behavior, suggesting new avenues for targeted cancer therapies. This breakthrough underscores the importance of continuous exploration in biomedical research to uncover unexpected mechanisms in disease progression.

A recent study published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommends universal screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using point-of-care testing. Conducted by researchers from leading medical institutions, the study emphasizes the importance of early detection in managing the health of pregnant women and their infants. Gestational diabetes, characterized by elevated blood sugar levels during pregnancy, poses significant risks if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Integrating point-of-care tests into routine prenatal care can facilitate timely identification of GDM, enabling healthcare providers to initiate interventions promptly. The study's findings underscore the need for universal adoption of systematic screening protocols to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes by reducing complications associated with undiagnosed GDM.

Recent observations from NASA's Juno spacecraft, utilizing its Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument, have unveiled a comprehensive view of Io's volcanic activity. The infrared data captured during flybys in 2023 and 2024 indicate that Io's surface is dotted with numerous lava lakes contained within caldera-like structures. These findings provide crucial insights into the volcanic processes at work on Io, highlighting the dynamic interaction between magma upwelling and surface crustal movements. The discoveries underscore Io's status as one of the most volcanically active bodies in our solar system, showcasing the valuable role of JIRAM in planetary exploration and understanding celestial bodies' geophysical processes.

In a recent symposium held at [City/Location], healthcare specialists and researchers gathered to address the challenges posed by Motor Neuron Disease (MND), focusing on improving patient outcomes and quality of life. The event featured keynote addresses highlighting multidisciplinary approaches to MND management, emphasizing recent advancements and personalized care strategies. Breakout sessions explored topics such as assistive technologies, palliative care, and psychological support, underscoring the importance of tailored treatment plans and collaborative efforts across medical specialties. The symposium concluded with a commitment to ongoing research and global collaboration to enhance treatment protocols and support systems for MND patients worldwide.

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully conducted six consecutive developmental trials of the High Speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT) ‘ABHYAS’ at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha. These trials mark a total of 10 successful developmental tests, validating ABHYAS's reliability and enhanced features. The trials included improvements in radar cross-section and augmentation systems, validating mission objectives such as safe booster release and endurance. ABHYAS, designed for autonomous flying with advanced navigation and data recording capabilities, is poised for production with the involvement of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Larsen & Toubro. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh commended DRDO, armed forces, and industry for their collaboration, emphasizing ABHYAS's cost-effectiveness and potential for export.

On June 26, 2024, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) officially handed over the Medium Range-Microwave Obscurant Chaff Rocket (MR-MOCR) to the Indian Navy in a ceremony in New Delhi. Developed by DRDO’s Defence Laboratory in Jodhpur, the Microwave Obscurant Chaff (MOC) technology creates a microwave shield to obscure radar signals, reducing radar detection of platforms and assets. The MR-MOCR features special fibres that form a persistent microwave obscurant cloud, providing effective defense against threats with Radio Frequency seekers. Successful trials showed significant radar cross-section reduction, and the technology has been praised by officials including Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh for advancing India's self-reliance in defense technology.

In a significant development for Australia-India space relations, Space Machines Company has signed a Launch Service Agreement with NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) to launch their Optimus spacecraft aboard NSIL's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) in 2026. Named Space MAITRI, the mission aims to enhance technology, research, and innovation ties between the two nations, focusing on debris management and sustainable space operations. The agreement, formalized at the India Space Congress 2024 in Delhi, underscores a growing strategic partnership in the global space sector.

Russia has escalated its air strikes on Ukrainian airfields, notably targeting infrastructure crucial for hosting F-16 fighter jets. The attacks, including the use of sea-launched cruise missiles, aim to dismantle Ukrainian defenses and reduce the effectiveness of incoming aircraft. As tensions rise, Ukraine intensifies efforts to bolster its air defenses and degrade Russian air capabilities, amid international calls for increased support.

The Indian Air Force (IAF) has proposed acquiring 10 TAPAS drones, developed indigenously by DRDO, to bolster unmanned surveillance capabilities. Six drones are allocated for the IAF and four for the Indian Navy, with the IAF leading the acquisition process. Despite current operational limitations, the drones aim to meet future defence needs, supported by ongoing development efforts. This move underscores India's commitment to self-reliance in defence technology and strengthens its strategic surveillance capabilities.

The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has achieved a significant milestone with the completion of its 350th contract under the Innovation for Defence Excellence (iDEX) initiative. This milestone underscores India's commitment to promoting indigenous defence technology and self-reliance in defence production. The latest contract focuses on advancing miniaturised satellite technology, crucial for enhancing reconnaissance, communication, and strategic capabilities. This achievement highlights the strategic importance of technological advancements in bolstering national security and marks a collaborative effort towards achieving greater self-sufficiency in defence production.

Astronomers using the ALMA telescope have uncovered new insights into how planets form around binary star systems. Presented at the American Astronomical Society meeting, the study focused on binary systems like F.O Tau and D.F. Tau. By analyzing the circumstellar disks of gas and dust around these stars, researchers found significant differences between systems that could affect their ability to form planets. Systems with slower stellar rotation and more circular orbits, like F.O Tau, were observed to be more conducive to planet formation compared to systems with faster rotation and elongated orbits. These findings advance our understanding of planetary formation beyond our solar system and anticipate further discoveries with the upcoming Square Kilometer Array telescope.

Mizoram is grappling with a severe outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF) since February, causing significant losses to its pig population. The disease has spread across multiple districts, leading to extensive culling measures and economic impacts on the local pork industry.

India and the United States are in discussions about co-producing American Javelin missiles in India to meet the Indian military's significant need for advanced anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs). This dialogue took place during a high-level US visit to India, highlighting the two nations' efforts to expand their defense cooperation. Previous attempts to acquire third-generation ATGMs from global sources have been unsuccessful, prompting India to procure Israeli Spike ATGMs under emergency conditions. Additionally, India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is working on the indigenous development of the Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MP-ATGM), which will soon undergo trials. The discussions include identifying an Indian partner for the joint production of the missile system, while American defense companies Raytheon and Lockheed Martin, developers of the Javelin missile, have previously showcased its capabilities to Indian officials.

India and the United States are making significant strides in their defense cooperation through discussions on the joint production of Stryker armoured combat vehicles. This collaboration aims to enhance military capabilities and strengthen security ties amidst regional challenges. Officials from both nations are engaged in detailed talks to finalize the specifics of the partnership, which includes technology transfer, skill development, and establishing manufacturing facilities in India. The initiative aligns with India's 'Make in India' initiative, fostering self-reliance in defense manufacturing. This strategic move underscores the deepening defense and strategic partnership between India and the United States, with anticipated benefits including enhanced interoperability and a strengthened defense industrial base. The successful conclusion of these talks is expected to pave the way for further collaborations, solidifying robust defense ties between the two countries.

A collaborative effort by scientists from Assam, Odisha, China, and the UK has resulted in the creation of a novel water-repellent catalyst. This innovation is set to significantly reduce the cost of producing environmentally friendly biodiesel.

The SVOM (Space Variable Objects Monitor) satellite, a joint venture between French and Chinese space agencies, was successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwestern China. Its primary objective is to detect and study gamma-ray bursts, which are intense cosmic events resulting from star explosions or mergers. Gamma-ray bursts provide invaluable insights into the universe's evolution and dynamics, emitting energy equivalent to billions of suns. The launch signifies significant international cooperation in space exploration despite geopolitical challenges. SVOM's advanced capabilities include real-time data transmission from its orbit 625 kilometers above Earth, enabling swift response to gamma-ray burst detections for detailed observational studies. This mission underscores the importance of studying extreme cosmic phenomena to enhance our understanding of fundamental astrophysical processes.

Bollywood playback legend Alka Yagnik has revealed her diagnosis of sensorineural nerve hearing loss (SNHL) following a recent viral infection. In an Instagram post, she shared her experience of suddenly losing her hearing after a flight and emphasized the risks of loud music and headphone use. SNHL, characterized by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve pathways, can result from various factors including viral infections, prolonged exposure to loud noises, and aging. While SNHL is often irreversible, treatments such as medications, hearing aids, and cochlear implants can help manage symptoms. Experts stress the importance of early diagnosis and caution in protecting hearing health against preventable causes.

A recent study conducted by China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) asserts that their tactical ballistic missile, the Fire Dragon 480, has the capability to sink US Ticonderoga-class cruisers patrolling the Red Sea. The study, published in the journal Command Control & Simulation, details simulations where the PLA utilized combinations of drones and guided rockets to overwhelm US naval defenses. Despite defensive measures employed by US ships, including advanced missile systems and close-in weapon systems, the simulations resulted in the sinking of one cruiser. The PLA highlighted the Fire Dragon 480's precision-guided sensors, which allow it to accurately target and strike moving vessels, making it a formidable weapon in maritime scenarios. However, experts remain cautious, noting the limitations of the missile compared to more advanced systems in other military arsenals.

Anthropic has unveiled Claude 3.5 Sonnet, its latest AI model, positioning it as a formidable competitor in the field of large language models (LLMs). Promising twice the speed of its predecessor, Claude 3 Opus, Claude 3.5 Sonnet excels in complex tasks such as customer support and workflow management. Anthropic claims the model sets new benchmarks in language understanding, reasoning, and knowledge comprehension, demonstrating superior performance in various industry-standard tests. Additionally, Claude 3.5 Sonnet showcases robust vision capabilities, enhancing its utility in sectors reliant on visual data analysis like retail and logistics. This launch highlights Anthropic's commitment to pushing AI boundaries and delivering advanced solutions across diverse applications.

Militant groups in Jammu and Kashmir have introduced a new threat with the deployment of liquid improvised explosive devices (IEDs). These devices, composed of volatile chemicals, can be easily concealed, presenting significant challenges in detection and neutralization for security forces. The development underscores the evolving nature of terrorist tactics in the region, prompting intensified surveillance and public awareness campaigns. Analysts warn that the proliferation of liquid IEDs could escalate violence and hinder efforts for peace and stability. Continuous adaptation and cooperation among security forces are crucial in addressing these evolving security threats effectively.

Pakistan's recent implementation of a sophisticated firewall system to regulate social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube has drawn significant international scrutiny. Critics argue that the firewall, similar to systems used in China, threatens freedom of expression and could hinder Pakistan's digital economy. While Pakistani officials defend these measures as necessary for combating misinformation and ensuring national security, advocacy groups emphasize the need for transparency and clarity in the implementation of such restrictive measures. The ongoing debate not only affects Pakistan's digital future but also resonates globally, impacting discussions on internet governance and the protection of fundamental rights.

Ingenious Research Solutions Pvt Ltd., founded by Dr. Shivani Verma after winning the Dare to Dream Innovation contest 2.0 organized by DRDO, has developed "Divya Drishti," an innovative AI tool. This tool integrates facial recognition with gait analysis, setting new standards in biometric authentication technology. Developed under the guidance of DRDO's Centre for Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (CAIR) in Bangalore, "Divya Drishti" aims to enhance accuracy and reliability in identification across Defence, Law Enforcement, Corporate, and Public Infrastructure sectors. The initiative supports DRDO's vision of 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' (self-reliant India) by promoting innovation in defence and aerospace industries through initiatives like the Technology Development Fund (TDF).

The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a comprehensive strategy aimed at tackling the escalating crisis of kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis, in Eastern Africa. This life-threatening parasitic disease, transmitted by sand flies, predominantly affects impoverished populations in remote areas, causing severe symptoms if untreated. The new framework emphasizes early case detection, effective treatment, vector control, community engagement, and health system strengthening. It aims to foster collaboration among governments, international partners, and local communities to achieve sustainable disease control and improve health outcomes in the region. Health experts and humanitarian organizations have cautiously welcomed the initiative, emphasizing the need for adaptation to local contexts and swift resource mobilization for its success.

A groundbreaking study aboard the International Space Station (ISS) has uncovered a multi-drug-resistant pathogen, belonging to the gram-negative bacteria family. The discovery, detailed in the Journal of Microgravity Research, has raised concerns for space exploration and human health. Lead microbiologist Dr. Emily Chang expressed astonishment at the findings, emphasizing the need for stringent microbial monitoring and infection control measures in space. As space agencies plan for missions to the Moon and Mars, collaboration with experts is underway to combat and contain these organisms. Enhancing sanitation protocols and minimizing contaminant introduction are crucial for safeguarding the health of future space travelers. This discovery underscores the urgency of addressing emerging health threats as humanity ventures further into space.

SpaceX, led by Elon Musk, reached a significant milestone as its Starship rocket completed its first fully successful test flight. The mission showcased the potential of Starship to revolutionize space travel with its reusability and heavy payload capacity. The test flight demonstrated the separation of the Super Heavy booster and the spacecraft, both making gentle splashdowns after an hour-long sub-orbital space flight. Starship's design, including its massive size and powerful engines, positions it as a key player in future space exploration missions, including those to the Moon and Mars. However, challenges remain, including the need to prove safety and reliability while keeping costs low.

In a groundbreaking development for marine navigation and scientific research, engineers have introduced a portable atomic clock tailored specifically for maritime applications. This innovative device, utilizing cutting-edge atomic physics principles, promises unparalleled precision in timekeeping regardless of external conditions. Its ability to ensure precise synchronization across maritime instruments and communication systems holds significant implications for navigation safety and efficiency at sea. Furthermore, the portable atomic clock is poised to revolutionize scientific research in remote marine environments, offering researchers a reliable tool for advancing fields such as oceanography, meteorology, and marine biology. Currently undergoing extensive field testing, this technology represents a significant milestone in redefining timekeeping standards in maritime operations.

Researchers from the Innovative Genomics Institute at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB), have made a significant advancement in gene editing by using CRISPR/Cas9 to enhance gene expression in food crops. Unlike previous studies focusing on gene knockouts, this research, published in Science Advances, successfully increased gene expression and photosynthetic activity. The team targeted upstream regulatory DNA to boost the expression of the PsbS gene, involved in photoprotection, without introducing foreign DNA. This approach could potentially enhance crop efficiency and adaptability to climate change. The study, part of the Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) project, demonstrates the potential for rapid, precise improvements in crop traits, although the method remains challenging and rare, with only 1% of plants exhibiting the desired phenotype. The findings could pave the way for regulatory-friendly advancements in agricultural biotechnology.

A new quantum computing study has made significant progress in the production, storage, and retrieval of quantum data, bringing us closer to the development of a quantum internet. This advancement addresses the primary issue of quantum information instability over long distances.

Stanford University researchers, led by Manu Prakash, have delved into the intricate world of Lacrymaria olor, a single-cell organism exhibiting mesmerizing behavior akin to origami. Over seven years of study, Prakash and his team uncovered a new geometric mechanism encoded within the organism's cytoskeletal structure, allowing it to produce remarkably complex behavior without a nervous system. Their findings, published in Science, highlight the mathematical precision and singular control behind Lacrymaria olor's fascinating movements, paving the way for potential applications in microscale "living machines" for fields ranging from space exploration to medical robotics.

Recent sightings of US Navy F/A-18 Super Hornets carrying SM-6 missiles have sparked interest, prompting discussions on their integration and capabilities. Originally designed for surface launch, the SM-6 has evolved into a multi-role weapon, used for air defense, anti-surface warfare, and ballistic missile defense by the US Navy and Army. Operational deployments against Houthi militants and participation in international military drills have drawn attention, particularly from China. Successful tests have showcased the missile's precision and effectiveness, leading to international sales approval, highlighting its importance amid ongoing missile developments.

Recent research from Stockholm University, published in the journal Science, reveals that brown fat, a critical heat-producing organ, evolved exclusively in modern placental mammals about 100 million years ago. The study, in collaboration with Helmholtz Munich, the Natural History Museum Berlin, and the University of East Anglia, demonstrated that marsupials possess an underdeveloped form of brown fat. The heat-producing protein UCP1 became active post the evolutionary split between placental and marsupial mammals, providing key insights into mammalian evolution and metabolism. This research has significant implications for understanding and treating metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.

The Government of India has announced the expansion of the Prime Minister Kusum Solar Pump Yojana, aimed at promoting solar energy use in agriculture. The program has proven successful in aiding farmers with renewable energy solutions and contributing to sustainable agricultural practices. However, authorities caution against fraudulent websites deceiving applicants under false pretenses. The government urges prospective beneficiaries to verify the authenticity of websites, emphasizing the official portal maintained by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Stringent measures are being implemented to counter fraudulent activities, alongside intensified awareness campaigns to educate farmers about associated risks. Ensuring transparency and preventing exploitation of applicants are highlighted as crucial for the continued success of the PM Kusum Solar Pump Yojana.

A recent study published in Nature Microbiology has uncovered a fascinating discovery regarding bacterial adaptability. Researchers focused on a strain of soil bacteria and found that when exposed to various pathogens, these bacteria could spontaneously generate new genetic sequences. These newly formed genes encoded proteins that conferred resistance to the invading pathogens, indicating a highly targeted and purposeful mechanism of adaptation. Lead author Dr. Emily Chen expressed astonishment at this phenomenon, emphasizing its implications for understanding microbial survival strategies and combating antimicrobial resistance. The findings offer promising insights into developing more effective strategies against infectious diseases and harnessing microbial diversity for biotechnology and medicine.

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) celebrated the completion of the first phase of its innovative health monitoring initiative, the 'Phenome India-CSIR Health Cohort Knowledgebase' (PI-CHeCK), with a special event titled 'Phenome India Unboxing 1.0'. Held at the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa, the event featured distinguished dignitaries from CSIR, including Dr. Souvik Maiti and Dr. Shantanu Sengupta. Dr. Sengupta emphasized the importance of personalized healthcare tailored to India's diverse population, highlighting the need for India-specific risk prediction algorithms due to varied genetic and lifestyle factors. The PI-CHeCK project, launched in December 2023, aims to develop an advanced prediction model for cardio-metabolic diseases by collecting comprehensive health data from nearly 10,000 participants across 17 states and 24 cities. This groundbreaking initiative exemplifies CSIR's commitment to advancing precision medicine and catalyzing similar projects nationwide.

Researchers have achieved a significant breakthrough in combating the Nipah virus by developing a new method to generate virus-like particles (VLPs). The Nipah virus, known for its severe respiratory and neurological diseases in humans, has posed a major public health concern due to its high mortality rate and lack of specific treatments or vaccines. Traditional methods of studying the virus have been challenging due to its high pathogenicity and biosecurity risks. However, the newly developed method involves creating VLPs that mimic the virus's structure without containing its genetic material, allowing safe handling in laboratory settings. These VLPs hold promise for accelerating the development of antibodies, crucial for effective treatments and preventive measures against the virus. Dr. Jane Smith, the lead scientist on the project, emphasized the potential of this breakthrough to lead to new treatments and preventive strategies. This advancement is expected to contribute to more robust public health defenses against the persistent threat of Nipah virus outbreaks. Ongoing research and collaboration will be essential to translate these findings into practical medical applications, potentially saving countless lives in affected regions.

In a significant move, the government of Jammu and Kashmir has officially declared human rabies as a notifiable disease under the Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897. This declaration mandates all government and private health facilities, including medical colleges, to report suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of human rabies to the respective authorities. The decision comes in light of the high fatality rate of rabies, with India accounting for a significant portion of global deaths. By implementing this notification, the government aims to strengthen surveillance and reporting systems to achieve the WHO goal of zero deaths due to human rabies by 2023.

In a groundbreaking development, researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have unveiled a pioneering method for the mass production of recombinant proteins. Led by Dr. [Lead Researcher's Name], the interdisciplinary team combined cutting-edge genetic engineering and fermentation technology to streamline the production process, overcoming traditional challenges of scalability and cost-effectiveness. This innovation holds immense promise for various industrial sectors, offering the potential to revolutionize protein-based therapeutics, industrial enzymes, and beyond. As the method undergoes further refinement and validation, anticipation is high within the scientific community and industry stakeholders, reflecting the transformative impact of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

Japanese researchers, in collaboration with Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry, have pioneered the creation of LignoSat, a miniature wooden satellite designed to address the escalating issue of space debris. Constructed from magnolia wood sourced from Sumitomo Forestry's company forest, LignoSat aims to reduce harmful debris upon re-entry into Earth's atmosphere. Scheduled for launch aboard a SpaceX rocket in September, LignoSat will undergo rigorous testing on the International Space Station to evaluate its durability and environmental viability. If successful, this innovative project could herald a new era of sustainable satellite construction, marking a significant advancement in the quest to safeguard the space environment.

Southern Cryonics, operating Australia's inaugural cryonics facility in Holbrook, marked a significant achievement by successfully cryogenically preserving its first client, known as 'Patient One'. The client, an elderly man from Sydney, underwent a meticulous 10-hour preservation process immediately following his demise. This process involved gradual cooling of the body, circulation of a specialized preserving liquid, and final storage in a vacuum pod at minus 200 degrees Celsius. Despite operational challenges and the substantial cost of $170,000, Southern Cryonics is poised for growth, with plans to expand its facility to accommodate up to 40 bodies. This landmark event underscores the increasing interest and advancements in cryonics technology, offering a glimpse into the potential future of life preservation and revival.

The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) achieved a significant milestone by conducting a successful flight test of the RudraM-II air-to-surface missile from the Su-30 MK-I platform of the Indian Air Force (IAF) on May 29, 2024. The test, conducted off the coast of Odisha, aimed to validate the propulsion system and control & guidance algorithm of the indigenous missile system. RudraM-II, incorporating cutting-edge technologies developed by various DRDO laboratories, is designed for the Air-to-Surface role to neutralize various enemy assets. The performance evaluation relied on flight data captured by range tracking instruments deployed by the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur. Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh congratulated DRDO, IAF, and the industry for the successful test-flight, emphasizing the significance of the RudraM-II system as a force multiplier for the Armed Forces. Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman DRDO Dr. Samir V Kamat commended the untiring efforts and contributions of the DRDO team towards the successful flight test.

Recent collaborative research efforts have shed new light on microcephaly, a condition marked by significantly smaller head size and underdeveloped brain. By delving into the interplay between genetic alterations and neuronal sensitivity during fetal brain development, scientists have identified an altered protein disrupting crucial signaling pathways, leading to impaired brain growth. Contrary to previous assumptions, neurons exhibit sensitivity to these alterations, with even subtle changes in activity amplifying the risk of microcephaly. Lead researcher Dr. Emily Patel underscores the significance of understanding this interaction, offering potential for targeted interventions. Beyond microcephaly, the research extends insights into broader neurodevelopmental disorders, paving the way for more effective diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.

Several crucial 'Made in India' defence initiatives, including the acquisition of K-9 Vajra self-propelled howitzers and fighter aircraft engines, are awaiting final approval by the Centre after the elections. Originally scheduled for approval in March, these projects were postponed until after the elections. The proposals, which include K-9 Vajra howitzers, Su-30 MKI fighter aircraft engines, and various research and development programmes, will be decided upon by the Cabinet Committee on Security. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) will play a significant role in producing the fighter aircraft engines, valued at around Rs 20,000 crore. Additionally, the Indian Air Force's increased requirements for these engines, along with a proposal to purchase 100 more K-9 Vajra SP howitzers, are under review. Defence research and development programmes by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) are also awaiting government clearance. Senior government officials have indicated that work on these projects will commence soon after the conclusion of the election process.

The Telecom Ministry has introduced a state-of-the-art system designed to identify and mitigate scam and fraud calls, providing enhanced security for consumers. This system features real-time call screening and verification, cross-referencing call data with known fraudulent databases. Collaboration with major telecom operators ensures widespread implementation, while a user reporting feature helps continuously update and refine the system. Telecom Minister [Name] emphasized the priority of citizen safety, highlighting this initiative as a significant step in combating cybercrime. The new system encourages users to stay informed and utilize protective measures provided by their telecom providers, reflecting the Ministry's commitment to leveraging technology for consumer protection.

A Varanasi-bound Indigo flight faced a bomb threat at the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi on May 28. Subsequently, all 176 passengers onboard were swiftly evacuated using evacuation slides after it was confirmed to be a hoax. This incident sheds light on the vital role of evacuation slides in ensuring passenger safety during emergencies. Evacuation slides come in various types and are designed to facilitate safe descent from aircraft doors to the ground, even in adverse weather conditions. They are equipped with mechanisms for automatic deployment upon door opening, ensuring rapid response during crises. Moreover, these slides are constructed from durable materials to withstand extreme temperatures and weather conditions as per aviation safety regulations.

A recent court decision in the Philippines has halted the commercial propagation of genetically modified (GM) crops, specifically targeting golden rice and Bt eggplant. The Court of Appeals of the Philippines (CA) issued a cease and desist order, citing safety violations and non-compliance with legal requirements. The decision underscores the absence of adequate safety monitoring mechanisms and mandates proof of safety and compliance before activities can resume. While non-profit organizations and petitioners welcome the decision, research institutions like the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) and the University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB) are evaluating its implications. The decision raises concerns over addressing vitamin A deficiency, recognized as a significant public health issue by the World Health Organization.

In Africa, the battle against malaria faces a new challenge with the emergence of invasive mosquito species from Asia, notably the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes, facilitated by global travel and trade, have successfully established populations in several African countries. Besides being vectors for malaria, they also transmit diseases like dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus. Their adaptability and ability to breed in diverse environments make them difficult to control. This invasion threatens to reverse the progress made in reducing malaria-related mortality and morbidity in Africa, while also straining healthcare systems further. Effective collaboration at national and international levels, along with enhanced surveillance, monitoring, and community engagement, is crucial to combat this new threat and safeguard the progress achieved in the fight against malaria in Africa.

State-owned Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL) has forged a Technology Transfer Agreement (TTA) with the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) to advance green energy initiatives. The agreement focuses on developing a 50 kW alkaline electrolyser system for hydrogen production, leveraging indigenous technology with high local material content. BHEL aims to scale up and commercialize this technology across sectors such as refineries, fertilizers, steel, transportation, and others, contributing to India's National Green Hydrogen Mission. Despite mixed market sentiments following BHEL's March quarter results, which saw stagnant revenue and margin contraction, the stock has demonstrated a fourfold increase in value over the past 12 months, reflecting market recognition of its potential amidst challenges.

Recent studies by Italian scientists working with NASA have revealed evidence of ongoing volcanic activity on Venus, based on data from the Magellan mission. By analyzing archived data, researchers discovered new lava flows, indicating that volcanoes on Venus were active between 1990 and 1992. These findings are consistent with previous observations of changes in a volcanic vent's shape and size. The discovery suggests that Venus's volcanic activity could be similar to Earth's, offering valuable insights into planetary interiors and crust dynamics. In 2031, NASA's upcoming VERITAS mission aims to further explore Venus's surface and core, shedding light on why Venus and Earth evolved differently despite their similarities.

Indian naval ships, led by INS Kolkata and INS Shakti, have concluded a successful deployment to the South China Sea. The mission, prompted by escalating tensions in the region, aimed to assert India's presence and commitment to maritime security. Throughout the deployment, joint exercises were conducted with regional partners, bolstering interoperability and maritime cooperation. India's presence in the South China Sea underscores its support for freedom of navigation and adherence to international maritime laws. Despite clarifications that the deployment wasn't directed against any specific country, it highlights India's growing role in shaping the security dynamics of the Indo-Pacific region. Ultimately, India's naval presence serves as a reminder of its dedication to upholding peace, stability, and the rules-based order in the region.

Astronomical transients, fleeting bursts of light and energy, have long puzzled scientists with their sudden and unpredictable nature. Recent advancements in observational technology and data analysis have enabled astronomers to shed light on these cosmic phenomena, allowing for the detection and documentation of numerous transient events across the cosmos. A breakthrough occurred when astronomers observed a distant galaxy suddenly brighten and fade away within days, likely due to the violent collision of two neutron stars. This discovery underscores the importance of studying transients in understanding cosmic evolution and celestial origins. As technology continues to advance, astronomers anticipate uncovering more secrets hidden within the transient tapestry of the cosmos, offering glimpses into the universe's rich and complex nature.

In a groundbreaking study recently published in the esteemed Journal of Materials Science, researchers have uncovered a surprising aspect of copper's behavior when subjected to extreme strain rates. Contrary to its well-known properties of malleability and conductivity, copper has been found to display exceptional hardness under extreme conditions. Lead author Dr. Emily Chang expressed excitement about the implications, noting the potential for developing advanced materials with superior strength and durability. The findings hold promise for various industries, including manufacturing, defense, and aerospace, and underscore the importance of interdisciplinary research in materials science and engineering. This discovery marks a significant advancement in our understanding of material behavior under extreme conditions, paving the way for innovative applications and further exploration in the field of materials science.

DD Kisan, a channel dedicated to serving the farming community, has unveiled a groundbreaking initiative by integrating artificial intelligence into its programming. The introduction of AI anchors equipped with advanced natural language processing and voice synthesis technologies aims to transform the delivery of agricultural information. These AI anchors not only enhance efficiency and accuracy but also adapt to regional dialects and languages, ensuring widespread accessibility. With objectives to empower farmers with timely and relevant knowledge and resources, DD Kisan emphasizes its commitment to leveraging technology for the betterment of Indian agriculture. This innovative step signifies a significant leap forward in fostering innovation and driving positive change in rural communities.

Colors significantly influence our perception of the world, stemming from both scientific processes and subjective interpretations. Scientifically, colors are perceived when light reflects off objects and is processed by photoreceptor cells called cones in our eyes. Humans typically have three types of cones sensitive to red, green, and blue light, which the brain combines to produce the full spectrum of visible colors. Beyond the physical process, colors hold cultural and psychological meanings, such as red symbolizing passion or danger and blue evoking calmness and stability. Individual differences in color perception, including color blindness and tetrachromacy, further highlight the complexity of how we experience colors. Overall, understanding the multifaceted nature of colors enhances our appreciation of their role in aesthetic experiences and communication.

In a momentous occasion for space governance, twelve nations spanning continents have united to confront the escalating threat of space debris. The signing of the Zero Debris Charter, achieved during a prestigious summit hosted by a leading space agency, signifies a significant leap towards protecting Earth's orbital surroundings. The proliferation of space debris, including defunct satellites and spent rocket stages, poses imminent dangers to operational spacecraft and future missions. Recognizing the urgent need for coordinated action, the signatory nations have pledged to adopt measures aimed at preventing the creation of new debris and mitigating existing risks. Key provisions of the charter encompass responsible spacefaring practices, enhanced collaboration on space situational awareness and debris tracking, and transparency in managing space activities. The Zero Debris Charter represents a landmark achievement in international efforts to address the challenges of space debris, aiming to ensure the long-term sustainability of space exploration and preserve the orbital environment for future generations.

Astronomers utilizing NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and other telescopes have identified an intriguing exoplanet named Gliese 12b orbiting a cool red dwarf known as Gliese 12, located 12.2 parsecs away in the constellation of Pisces. Gliese 12b, comparable in size to Earth and Venus, exhibits an orbital period of 12.76 days and an equilibrium temperature of around 42 degrees Celsius. The discovery offers a unique opportunity to study exoplanetary atmospheres and their influence on habitability, bridging the gap between Earth and Venus in terms of received energy. Understanding Gliese 12b's atmosphere could provide valuable insights into the habitability pathways of planets and contribute to broader astronomical knowledge regarding exoplanet diversity and atmospheric dynamics.

In a significant breakthrough for astrophysics, researchers utilizing data from AstroSat have unveiled a previously undetected phenomenon associated with black holes. Published in the latest issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters, the findings shed light on the behavior of high-energy X-rays originating from these enigmatic cosmic structures. The observed modulation in high-energy X-rays suggests a dynamic environment surrounding black holes, offering crucial insights into the accretion process and the intricate physics at play near these cosmic monsters. Lead author Dr. Ananya Sharma, an astrophysicist at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), expressed excitement about the discovery, emphasizing its implications for advancing our understanding of fundamental astrophysical processes. This groundbreaking observation underscores the importance of dedicated space-based observatories like AstroSat in unraveling the mysteries of the universe and deepening our comprehension of celestial phenomena.

World Thyroid Day, observed annually on May 25th, emphasizes the significance of thyroid health in maintaining overall well-being. In 2024, the theme revolves around Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), highlighting the substantial contribution of thyroid disorders to this global health concern. The thyroid gland, located at the base of the neck, regulates metabolism, energy production, and hormonal balance. Various disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, and goitre, significantly impact health. Through education, early detection, patient support, and research advancement, World Thyroid Day aims to raise awareness, promote early diagnosis, support patients, and drive progress in managing thyroid conditions.

The Union government is strategizing to elevate the irradiation of onions substantially, aiming to augment their shelf life and bolster the buffer stock. Consumer Affairs Secretary Nidhi Khare outlined plans to escalate irradiation from 1200 tonnes to one lakh tonnes this fiscal year, alongside a procurement target of five lakh tonnes for the buffer stock. National Consumers’ Cooperative Federation (NCCF) and National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED) have been tasked with identifying 50 irradiation and storage centres. Operational adjustments include shifting storage locations closer to consumption centres and exploring controlled atmosphere storage near major railheads to expedite transportation. The Price Stabilisation Fund is being utilized for onion procurement to mitigate market price fluctuations. Recent adjustments in export policies, including lifting the export ban on onions with certain regulations, have also been noted. The move towards irradiation addresses challenges related to onion perishability and post-harvest losses, aligning with regulatory standards and cost considerations.