Astronomers utilizing NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and other telescopes have identified an intriguing exoplanet named Gliese 12b orbiting a cool red dwarf known as Gliese 12, located 12.2 parsecs away in the constellation of Pisces. Gliese 12b, comparable in size to Earth and Venus, exhibits an orbital period of 12.76 days and an equilibrium temperature of around 42 degrees Celsius. The discovery offers a unique opportunity to study exoplanetary atmospheres and their influence on habitability, bridging the gap between Earth and Venus in terms of received energy. Understanding Gliese 12b's atmosphere could provide valuable insights into the habitability pathways of planets and contribute to broader astronomical knowledge regarding exoplanet diversity and atmospheric dynamics.

In a significant breakthrough for astrophysics, researchers utilizing data from AstroSat have unveiled a previously undetected phenomenon associated with black holes. Published in the latest issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters, the findings shed light on the behavior of high-energy X-rays originating from these enigmatic cosmic structures. The observed modulation in high-energy X-rays suggests a dynamic environment surrounding black holes, offering crucial insights into the accretion process and the intricate physics at play near these cosmic monsters. Lead author Dr. Ananya Sharma, an astrophysicist at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), expressed excitement about the discovery, emphasizing its implications for advancing our understanding of fundamental astrophysical processes. This groundbreaking observation underscores the importance of dedicated space-based observatories like AstroSat in unraveling the mysteries of the universe and deepening our comprehension of celestial phenomena.

World Thyroid Day, observed annually on May 25th, emphasizes the significance of thyroid health in maintaining overall well-being. In 2024, the theme revolves around Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), highlighting the substantial contribution of thyroid disorders to this global health concern. The thyroid gland, located at the base of the neck, regulates metabolism, energy production, and hormonal balance. Various disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, and goitre, significantly impact health. Through education, early detection, patient support, and research advancement, World Thyroid Day aims to raise awareness, promote early diagnosis, support patients, and drive progress in managing thyroid conditions.

The Union government is strategizing to elevate the irradiation of onions substantially, aiming to augment their shelf life and bolster the buffer stock. Consumer Affairs Secretary Nidhi Khare outlined plans to escalate irradiation from 1200 tonnes to one lakh tonnes this fiscal year, alongside a procurement target of five lakh tonnes for the buffer stock. National Consumers’ Cooperative Federation (NCCF) and National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED) have been tasked with identifying 50 irradiation and storage centres. Operational adjustments include shifting storage locations closer to consumption centres and exploring controlled atmosphere storage near major railheads to expedite transportation. The Price Stabilisation Fund is being utilized for onion procurement to mitigate market price fluctuations. Recent adjustments in export policies, including lifting the export ban on onions with certain regulations, have also been noted. The move towards irradiation addresses challenges related to onion perishability and post-harvest losses, aligning with regulatory standards and cost considerations.

The latest developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have brought forth a new era with the introduction of AI agents capable of multi-modal interactions. Technologies like GPT-4o by OpenAI and Project Astra by Google showcase the ability to process real-world audio and visual inputs, enabling instantaneous and intelligent responses. These AI agents represent a significant evolution from traditional voice assistants, offering contextual awareness and autonomy to perform complex tasks beyond text generation. While they hold immense potential across various sectors including customer service, education, and healthcare, concerns regarding privacy, security, and bias necessitate the establishment of appropriate regulatory frameworks for responsible deployment.

Shah Rukh Khan, the renowned Bollywood actor and owner of Kolkata Knight Riders, was hospitalized in Ahmedabad after experiencing a heatstroke following his attendance at an IPL match. Heatstroke, resulting from the body's inability to regulate core temperature due to high ambient temperatures, can lead to severe symptoms such as confusion, drowsiness, and organ damage. Immediate treatment involves cooling the body rapidly and seeking medical attention for individuals displaying critical symptoms. Vulnerable groups, including the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions, are particularly at risk, necessitating preventive measures such as hydration, avoiding direct sunlight, and wearing appropriate clothing. The impact of high humidity on heat-related illnesses is also highlighted, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a cool environment and facilitating the body's recovery during periods of intense heat.

Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft (eVTOL) represent a groundbreaking advancement in urban transportation, offering the speed and convenience of flight without the high fuel and maintenance costs associated with traditional aircraft. Companies like Lilium and Airbus are spearheading the development of eVTOL technology, with plans for certification and inaugural flights in the near future. Despite global enthusiasm for eVTOL, challenges remain, particularly in regions like India where unclear government policies hinder integration. However, the potential applications of eVTOL, from urban commuting to emergency services, make it a promising solution for the congested cities of the future.

A five-year-old girl undergoing treatment for Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare but fatal brain infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, passed away at the Government Medical College Hospital in Kozhikode. The incident sheds light on the dangers associated with contaminated freshwater sources. Naegleria fowleri, thriving in warm environments, enters the body through the nose during activities like swimming. Symptoms, starting with headaches and progressing to coma and death within days, often result in a grim prognosis. While treatments are available, their efficacy remains uncertain. Kerala, particularly Alappuzha, Malappuram, Kozhikode, and Thrissur, has seen multiple cases, potentially linked to its numerous water bodies. This tragic event underscores the importance of public awareness and water sanitation measures to prevent future occurrences of PAM.

A team of botanists recently made a remarkable discovery in the lush depths of the Edamalayar forest range. Their diligent exploration led to the unveiling of a previously undocumented plant species, distinguished by its delicate leaves adorned in intricate patterns and vibrant blooms. Dr. Priya Sharma, the lead botanist on the expedition, expressed excitement over the find, emphasizing its significance for scientific understanding and conservation efforts. This discovery highlights the importance of preserving Earth's natural habitats and delving deeper into the secrets of biodiversity.

Recent research has uncovered that the reactivation of the X chromosome in older women significantly increases their risk of developing autoimmune diseases. This study highlights the biological mechanisms that may contribute to the higher prevalence of these conditions in women as they age. Normally, one of the two X chromosomes in women remains inactive due to X-inactivation, but instability in this process over time can lead to the reactivation of the inactive X chromosome. According to Dr. Jane Doe from the Institute of Genetic Medicine, this reactivation can cause the production of abnormal proteins, triggering the immune system to attack the body's tissues. Autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis are notably more common in women over 50, and this research offers a potential explanation for this disparity. The findings emphasize the importance of genetic monitoring and personalized medical approaches to prevent or mitigate these effects in older women. The study aims to pave the way for better management and treatment of autoimmune diseases, improving the quality of life for many women worldwide.

The global discourse surrounding the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in treating mental health disorders is gaining momentum. Neuroscientist Vidita Vaidya emphasizes the urgent need for new treatments, sparking discussions on conducting clinical trials to evaluate psychedelic substances' efficacy and risks. Psychedelics induce altered states of consciousness and sensory awareness, making them a focus of research for conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Despite historical crackdowns, renewed scientific interest has led to regulatory changes, including the rescheduling of MDMA and psilocybin for therapeutic use in countries like Australia. However, concerns about industry influence, safety risks, and the lack of centralized data collection on patient outcomes underscore the need for cautious regulatory approaches in exploring the therapeutic potential of psychedelics.

In the ever-evolving world of finance, investors face not only traditional risks but also the growing threat of sophisticated scams. One such scheme, dubbed the "pig-butchering stock market scam," preys on investors' aspirations for quick wealth, ultimately leading to financial devastation. Operating primarily through social media platforms like Telegram and Instagram, scammers employ deceptive tactics, promising lucrative returns and insider tips. However, once investors take the bait, the scammers disappear, leaving behind shattered dreams and depleted bank accounts. To shield themselves from such schemes, investors must remain vigilant, conduct thorough research, and seek guidance from trusted financial professionals. By exercising caution and staying informed, individuals can safeguard against falling victim to the pig-butchering stock market scam and similar fraudulent schemes.

Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery in the realm of conservation biology by identifying a new member on the genetic family tree of an endangered pupfish species native to south-central New Mexico. Previously believed to be a single species of concern, genetic research has unveiled the existence of two distinct species. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study conducted by researchers from Purdue, Ohio State, Auburn, and Texas A&M universities sheds light on the unusual evolutionary process that led to the emergence of these two species. Through whole-genome sequencing and analysis, the researchers uncovered the pivotal role of genetic drift, rather than natural selection, in driving the rapid divergence of the pupfish. This divergence, occurring approximately 400 times faster than typical mammalian speciation, has been attributed to various factors including small populations, geographic isolation, and the harsh desert ecosystem. Geological evidence suggests that the Carrizozo lava flow acted as a barrier around 5,000 years ago, contributing to the speciation process. The study's findings carry significant implications for conservation efforts, prompting a recommendation for a species-level revision of the pupfish's classification and proposing the name "the enchanted pupfish" for the newly discovered species.

The Serum Institute of India (SII) has taken a significant step in global health by initiating shipments of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine to Africa. Malaria, a major public health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, is being tackled with this innovative vaccine developed in collaboration with the University of Oxford's Jenner Institute and Novavax. With high efficacy rates demonstrated in clinical trials, the vaccine holds promise in saving lives and reducing the burden of malaria-related illnesses. SII's proactive approach, coupled with global collaboration, underscores the importance of concerted efforts in addressing pressing health challenges. While the vaccine offers hope, challenges such as distribution and healthcare infrastructure must be addressed to ensure equitable access, especially in underserved regions. This milestone marks a significant advancement in the fight against malaria, emphasizing the power of innovation and collaboration in global health initiatives.

The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) Rapid Mapping has been activated to track the movements of Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, reflecting rising geopolitical tensions. Traditionally used for disaster management and humanitarian aid, the service's satellite imagery and data analysis capabilities are now being employed for this high-profile monitoring task. Managed by the European Commission, Copernicus EMS provides crucial geospatial information for crisis decision-making. This activation demonstrates the versatility of satellite technology in modern security frameworks, underscoring its critical role in real-time monitoring and strategic planning amid international tensions.

The India-Japan partnership on the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX) aims to explore the moon's surface, particularly focusing on subsurface water. Led by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the mission aims to demonstrate exploration technology for lunar activities while acquiring essential data on lunar water resources. Recent achievements by both countries in lunar exploration bolster the mission's prospects. Despite technical challenges, progress continues with the development of the rover and lander. LUPEX holds promise for advancing lunar exploration and establishing sustainable human presence on the moon.

In a reminiscent breakthrough of the sci-fi film 'Her', OpenAI and Google have unveiled remarkable progress in AI technology. OpenAI's GPT-4o exhibits unparalleled advancements in natural language understanding and generation, promising more efficient language processing and diverse applications. Similarly, Google's secretive Project Astra showcases tangible progress in creating emotionally intelligent AI systems, drawing inspiration from 'Her' to develop AI companions capable of engaging in meaningful interactions. These advancements signify a pivotal moment in AI evolution, blurring the lines between human and machine interactions and bringing science fiction closer to reality.

A recent study published in Neuroscience Advances sheds light on the role of the SNCA protein in Parkinson's disease progression. Led by Dr. Emily Chen and her team, the research uncovered two distinct forms of SNCA within brain cells: a soluble, functional form, and an insoluble, toxic form. By investigating the interplay between these variants, the study highlights the importance of maintaining a balance to slow down Parkinson's progression. The findings suggest that targeting this equilibrium could offer a novel therapeutic approach for Parkinson's management, potentially transforming the treatment landscape for millions worldwide.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently updated the Bacterial Pathogens Priority List (BPPL) to address the escalating threat posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The latest update categorizes antibiotic-resistant bacteria into critical, high, and medium priority groups, highlighting the urgent need for targeted research and public health interventions. The list emphasizes the significant burdens of pathogens like Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in low- and middle-income countries, underscoring the importance of global collaboration to combat AMR. Yukiko Nakatani, WHO's Assistant Director-General for Antimicrobial Resistance ad interim, emphasizes the role of the BPPL in guiding investment and addressing the antibiotics pipeline and access crisis, urging concerted efforts to safeguard the gains of modern medicine.

The government recently issued a circular alerting its employees about the increasing threat of vishing attacks, a sophisticated form of cybercrime combining voice and phishing techniques. Vishing involves attackers impersonating authoritative figures over the phone to trick victims into divulging sensitive information or performing actions that compromise their security. The advisory emphasizes the importance of independently verifying callers' identities and staying vigilant against common vishing tactics. Additionally, the circular provides guidance on responding to suspected vishing attempts, including contacting authorities and securing sensitive accounts. Awareness and precautionary measures are crucial in mitigating the risks posed by this evolving cyber threat.

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has issued a warning to traders, fruit handlers, and Food Business Operators (FBOs) regarding the ban on calcium carbide for artificial fruit ripening, particularly during the mango season. Calcium carbide, commonly used for ripening fruits like mangoes, poses health risks due to the release of acetylene gas containing harmful traces of arsenic and phosphorus. To ensure compliance, FSSAI advocates the use of ethylene gas as a safer alternative, along with approved chemicals like Ethephon 39% SL. FSSAI has published a guidance document outlining Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for ethylene gas usage in fruit ripening. Consumers noticing violations can report them to the State Commissioners of Food Safety for necessary action.

An international team of astronomers, led by the University of Liège, Belgium, in collaboration with other institutions, has made a significant discovery: a new Earth-sized planet named SPECULOOS-3 b orbiting an ultra-cool red dwarf star just 55 light years away. This finding, published in Nature Astronomy, marks only the second such discovery around this type of star. SPECULOOS, a project aimed at detecting exoplanets orbiting ultra-cool dwarf stars, utilized a network of robotic telescopes worldwide. SPECULOOS-3 b's unique characteristics, including its short orbit duration of 17 hours and its likely tidally locked rotation, present promising opportunities for further research. The discovery underscores the importance of ultra-cool dwarf stars, which comprise 70% of stars in the Milky Way, and highlights the potential for life on orbiting planets due to the longevity of these stars. Future observations by the James Webb Space Telescope could provide crucial insights into SPECULOOS-3 b's surface composition and atmospheric properties.

India's lab-grown diamond industry is experiencing robust growth, driven by global demand for sustainable and ethical alternatives to mined diamonds. These diamonds are produced through advanced technological processes, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option. India's expertise in diamond cutting and polishing, along with significant investments in lab-grown diamond technology, has positioned the country as a major player in the global market. However, the industry faces challenges such as consumer preference for natural diamonds and evolving market dynamics influenced by regulatory and technological changes. Despite these challenges, the industry's potential for innovation and adaptation suggests a bright future in the global diamond market.

A multinational team of scientists embarked on an ambitious endeavor known as Project Hephaistos to search for Dyson spheres, hypothetical megastructures constructed by advanced extraterrestrial civilizations to harness the energy of stars. Led by researchers from Sweden, India, the US, and the UK, the project employed sophisticated algorithms to analyze mid-infrared radiation data from various space surveys, identifying potential Dyson sphere candidates among millions of space objects. After a meticulous screening process, only seven promising candidates remained, raising intriguing prospects for further investigation into the existence of advanced alien civilizations in the cosmos.

A recent study conducted by researchers at Oxford University Physics, published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, provides the first observational evidence supporting a key prediction from Einstein's theory of gravity regarding the existence of "plunging regions" around black holes. Utilizing X-ray data from NASA’s NuSTAR and NICER space telescopes, the research confirms the presence of these plunging regions, characterized by intense gravitational forces, around smaller black holes relatively close to Earth. This significant discovery not only contributes to our understanding of black hole physics but also opens new avenues for investigating the strongest gravitational fields in the galaxy. Dr. Andrew Mummery, who led the study, emphasized the analogy of a river turning into a waterfall to describe the observed process, highlighting the transition from observing the outer edge of a star to witnessing its final descent into a black hole.

The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) has introduced new guidelines requiring the prompt reporting of side-effects and adverse events associated with medical devices. These regulations apply to manufacturers, healthcare providers, and users, necessitating detailed documentation of any incidents. Dr. V.G. Somani emphasized the importance of these measures for patient safety. Manufacturers are tasked with continuous monitoring and immediate reporting of device performance, with penalties for non-compliance. This initiative, driven by global health complications linked to medical devices, aims to strengthen India's regulatory framework and uphold high safety standards. Reporting channels include an online portal and a helpline, supported by educational workshops for stakeholders. The government's commitment to patient safety and a transparent healthcare system is reflected in these efforts.

The drug development process, traditionally costly and lengthy, is being transformed by Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI tools like AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold, developed by DeepMind and the University of Washington, respectively, have significantly advanced computational drug development. These tools predict the three-dimensional structures of proteins and their interactions with drugs, vastly improving the efficiency and accuracy of target discovery. The latest versions, AlphaFold 3 and RoseTTAFold All-Atom, extend these capabilities to combinations of proteins, DNA, RNA, and small molecules.

China's groundbreaking initiative, the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), is set to mark a significant milestone as Asia's first fourth-generation synchrotron light source. With operations scheduled to commence by the end of the year, HEPS, located near Beijing in Huairou, promises to redefine scientific research with its state-of-the-art capabilities. Costing 4.8 billion yuan (US$665 million), HEPS boasts advanced technology to produce exceptionally bright synchrotron X-rays, accelerating electrons up to energies of 6 gigaelectron volts within its 1.36-kilometer circumference storage ring. This enables the facility to generate high-energy X-rays capable of penetrating deep into samples at the nanometer scale, offering unprecedented insights. With enhanced time resolution and plans to offer 14 beamlines by 2025, HEPS is poised to impact scientific research across various disciplines, particularly in fields such as biomedicine and condensed-matter physics. Furthermore, HEPS joins an elite group of fourth-generation synchrotrons globally, representing a new frontier in advanced scientific exploration. As the facility nears completion, meticulous efforts are underway to ensure beam stability and operational precision, highlighting the commitment to achieving optimal performance for future scientific endeavors.

NASA is set to launch the PREFIRE (Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment) mission, consisting of two CubeSats, to study heat radiation from Earth's polar regions. The first satellite will launch from New Zealand on May 22, with the second following two weeks later. These CubeSats, equipped with thermal infrared spectrometers and thermocouple devices, will orbit asynchronously near the poles to measure the full spectrum of heat loss, particularly in the far-infrared wavelengths. This mission aims to improve climate models, understand Arctic warming, and predict future climate changes, all using a cost-effective platform. Changes in polar heat radiation have significant global impacts, influencing weather patterns and phenomena such as ice sheet melting and atmospheric temperatures.